20 research outputs found
Measuring Project’s Team Culture In Projects Using The Last Planner® System
No full textAt this stage, construction industry is known for bad project performances and a culture characterized by adversarial behaviours. The Last Planner System (LPS) is designed to improve these circumstances through the enhancement of workflow reliability by involving various disciplines in joint planning processes and a culture of collaboration. How to actually measure related project team culture (PTC) is unknown at this stage. This paper tries to close this gap and compares two defined versions of the Ideal Lean Culture for organizations with the actual PTC in projects using the LPS. It first presents the two Ideal Lean Cultures for organizations, based on a framework developed for organizations (the Competing Values Framework - CVF). Next, it examines on the basis of three case studies the applicability of the CVF for measuring the actual culture in project teams using the LPS and compares it with the named Ideal Lean Culture conditions. The paper concludes that the CVF is a suitable tool to take a snapshot of the PTC and that the comparison to the Ideal Lean Culture can give conclusions about the current project team’s maturity in projects using the LPS.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Integral Design & Managemen
Manufacturer-remanufacturing vs supplier-remanufacturing in a closed-loop supply chain
No full textRemanufacturing at the component level could be performed by either a manufacturer or a supplier. In this paper, we analyze the performance of manufacturer-remanufacturing and supplier-remanufacturing in a decentralized closed-loop supply chain, and examine their desirability from different stakeholder perspectives. We find that the manufacturer may engage in remanufacturing of used components even if remanufacturing is costlier than traditional manufacturing; given remanufacturing is costlier, the manufacturer may forgo remanufacturing due to a marginal increase in consumer willingness-to-pay for the remanufactured product. If the unit remanufacturing cost is high enough, the manufacturer and consumers prefer manufacturer-remanufacturing, while the supplier and the environment prefer supplier-remanufacturing; otherwise, the manufacturer, the supplier, and consumers prefer supplier-remanufacturing, while the environment׳s preference is contingent on the environmental impact discount for the remanufactured product. Finally, the key findings are distilled into a roadmap to guide the development of remanufacturing
Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations
No full textA recent study to determine the cause of collar and root rot disease outbreaks of cold tolerant Eucalyptus species in South Africa resulted in the isolation of two putative new Phytophthora species. Based on phylogenetic comparisons using the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions, these species were shown to be distinct from known species. These differences were also supported by robust morphological characteristics. The names, Phytophthora frigida sp. nov. and Phytophthora alticola sp. nov. are thus provided for these taxa, which are phylogenetically closely related to species within the ITS clade 2 (P. citricola, P. tropicali and P.multivesiculata) and 4 (P. arecae and P. megakarya), respectively. Phytophthora frigida is heterothallic, and produces stellate to rosaceous growth patterns on growth medium, corraloid hyphae, sporangia with a variety of distorted shapes and has the ability to grow at low temperatures. Phytophthora alticola is homothallic and has a slower growth rate in culture. Both P. frigida and P. alticola are pathogenic to Eucalyptus dunnii. In pathogenicity tests, they were, however, less pathogenic than P. cinnamomi, which is a well-known pathogen of Eucalyptus in South Africa
Holmium-166 poly(L-lactic acid) microsphere radioembolisation of the liver: Technical aspects studied in a large animal mode
No full textRadiation, Radionuclides and ReactorsApplied Science
Aplicação de métodos moleculares e de cultivo celular no monitoramento de vírus entéricos no ambiente aquático
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Florianópolis, 2009.Os vírus entéricos humanos são importantes causas de enfermidades veiculadas através da água. Atualmente, em termos de legislação brasileira, apenas a contagem do número de coliformes é utilizada para determinar a segurança microbiológica de águas tratadas e não tratadas. Os vírus presentes no meio ambiente são, na sua maioria, não adaptados ao cultivo in vitro, tornando-se necessário o desenvolvimento e implementação de métodos que possibilitem a adoção de medidas preventivas para controle de contaminação viral. Assim sendo, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram (I) padronizar e estabelecer metodologias de concentração, detecção, quantificação e viabilidade viral no ambiente aquático; (II) realizar a pesquisa de adenovírus humanos (HAdV), norovírus (NoV) genogrupos GI e GII, rotavírus humanos genogrupo A (RV-A) e vírus da hepatite A (HAV) em águas ambientais e ostras de cultivo durante o período de um ano e (III) avaliar por ensaio de placa de lise a sobrevivência de HAdV infecciosos sorotipos 2 e 41 em águas de superfície e subterrâneas. No estudo de padronização dos métodos foram utilizados como modelos os HAdV e HAV inoculados em águas: destilada, de esgoto tratado, do mar e da lagoa. A melhor eficiência de recuperação viral (100%) foi obtida quando as matrizes de água destilada e de esgoto tratado foram utilizadas. A menor eficiência (10%) foi encontrada para a água do mar. No estudo de campo, águas foram coletadas de 8 locais de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina e ostras (Crassostrea gigas) de duas fazendas de cultivo (norte e sul da Ilha) foram também avaliadas no mesmo período. Os resultados de detecção de genomas virais foram HAdV: 75% (esgoto tratado); 64,2% (águas ambientais); 87,5% (ostras); RV-A: 41,6% (esgoto tratado); 19% (águas ambientais); 8,3% (ostras); HAV: 25% (esgoto tratado); 8,3% (águas ambientais); ausência nas ostras; NoV: 50% (esgoto tratado); 19% (águas ambientais); ausência nas ostras. No estudo de viabilidade viral por PCR integrado a cultura celular (ICC-PCR), confirmou-se positividade de HAdV em: 66,6% (esgoto tratado); 83,8% (águas ambientais); de RV-A: ausência em esgoto tratado e 12,5% (águas ambientais); de HAV: 66,6% (esgoto tratado) e ausência nas águas ambientais. Por PCR quantitativo o número de genomas (gc) de NoV nas águas foram médias de 1,8 x 102 (GI) e 1,0 x 103 gc/L (GII) em esgoto tratado e de 1,1 x 102 (GI) e 8,1 x 103 gc/L (GII) nas águas ambientais. Para HAdV obteve-se médias de: 9,8 x 104 (esgoto tratado); 9,8 x 106 gc/L (águas ambientais) e de 9,1 x 104 (ostras sul da ilha) e 1,5 x 105 gc/g (ostras norte da ilha). Os resultados obtidos indicam uma maior prevalência de HAdV no ambiente aquático, seguido de NoV, RV-A e HAV. No estudo de decaimento de infectividade de HAdV em amostras de água houve uma significativa inativação viral somente ao final das 23 semanas a 19°C para os dois sorotipos de adenovírus testados. Estes resultados demonstram a longa taxa de sobrevivência destes vírus em águas ambientais.Enteric viruses are important cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks transmitted through contaminated water sources. Nowadays, the Brazilian legislation only requires the coliforms counting to determine the microbiologic safety in treated and non treated water. Most viruses present in the aquatic environment are not adaptable to in vitro cultures, becoming necessary to develop and implement methods that could be used in the monitoring and prevention of viral contamination. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were (I) to standardize and establish methodologies of concentration, detection, quantification and viral viability in the aquatic environment; (II) to access the contamination of human adenovirus (HAdV), norovirus (NoV) genogrups GI e GII, human rotavirus genogrup A (RV-A) and Hepatitis Virus A (HAV) in environmental waters and oysters during one year; (III) to study the survival of infectious HAdV type 2 and 41 in surface and ground waters measured by plaque assay. In the standardization study, HAdV and HAV were used as models and were inoculated in distilled water, treated wastewater, seawater and lagoon water, showing better virus recovery (100%) in distilled water and treated wastewater, and lower recovery (10%) in seawater. In the field study, water samples were collected from 8 sites in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina and oyster samples (Crassostrea gigas) from two oysters' farms (north and south of the Island) were also collected in the same period. The detection results of virus genomes were HAdV: 75% (treated wastewater); 64.2% (environmental waters); 87.5% (oysters); RV-A: 41.6% (treated wastewater); 19% (environmental waters); 8.3% (oysters); HAV: 25% (treated wastewater); 8.3% (environmental waters); absence in oysters; NoV: 50% (treated wastewater); 19% (environmental waters); absence in oysters. In the viability study by integrated cell culture PCR (ICC-PCR), the results confirmed viable HAdV: 66.6% (treated wastewater); 83.3% (environmental waters); RV-A: absence in treated wastewater and 12.5% (environmental waters); HAV: 66.6% (treated wastewater) and absence in environmental waters. By quantitative PCR assays the number of genomes (g.c.) for NoV in waters were averages of 1.8 x 102 (GI) and 1.0 x 103 gc/L (GII) in treated wastewater and 1.1 x 102 (GI) and 8.1 x 103 gc/L (GII) in environmental waters. For HAdV the averages were: 9.8 x 104 (treated wastewater); 9.8 x 106 gc/L (environmental waters) and 9.1 x 104 (oyster farm South) e 1.5 x 105 gc/g (oyster farm North). The surveillance results have shown a higher prevalence of HAdV in the aquatic environment, followed by NoV, RV-A and HAV. In the study of HAdV infectivity decay in water under different temperatures, results showed a significant inactivation only after 23 weeks at 19°C for both HAdV tested. These results have shown a long-term survival of adenoviruses in environmental waters
Contribution to the design of continuous -time Sigma - Delta Modulators based on time delay elements
No full textThe research carried out in this thesis is focused in the development of a new class of data converters for digital radio. There are two main architectures for communication receivers which perform a digital demodulation. One of them is based on analog demodulation to the base band and digitization of the I/Q components. Another option is to digitize the band pass signal at the output of the IF stage using a bandpass Sigma-Delta modulator. Bandpass Sigma- Delta modulators can be implemented with discrete-time circuits, using switched capacitors or continuous-time circuits. The main innovation introduced in this work is the use of passive transmission lines in the loop filter of a bandpass continuous-time Sigma-Delta modulator instead of the conventional solution with gm-C or LC resonators. As long as transmission lines are used as replacement of a LC resonator in RF technology, it seems compelling that transmission lines could improve bandpass continuous-time Sigma-Delta modulators. The analysis of a Sigma- Delta modulator using distributed resonators has led to a completely new family of Sigma- Delta modulators which possess properties inherited both from continuous-time and discretetime Sigma-Delta modulators. In this thesis we present the basic theory and the practical design trade-offs of this new family of Sigma-Delta modulators. Three demonstration chips have been implemented to validate the theoretical developments. The first two are a proof of concept of the application of transmission lines to build lowpass and bandpass modulators. The third chip summarizes all the contributions of the thesis. It consists of a transmission line Sigma-Delta modulator which combines subsampling techniques, a mismatch insensitive circuitry and a quadrature architecture to implement the IF to digital stage of a receiver
Experimental and theoretical investigation on road pavements and materials through ground-penetrating radar
No full textGround-penetrating radar (GPR) is being increasingly used over the last years in a wide range of applications, due to its flexibility and high potential to provide characterization and imaging of structures and materials. Overall, several reasons are contributing to increase the demand for the use of this tool and non-destructive testing techniques (NDTs) in general. Amongst all, it is worth citing technological advances of both hardware and software elements, an intrinsic lower significance of measurements provided by traditional monitoring techniques along with their greater invasiveness in measuring processes and, last but not least, the impacts of Global Economic Crisis on the use of economic resources affecting for years countries worldwide. The combination of such factors has led the interest of several skill profiles spanning from researchers, practitioners and end-users in general, and focused the attention of governments and local authorities on the high capabilities to gather a large amount of information in a relatively short time of surveying.
In the field of pavement engineering, GPR has been used since the early 1980s mostly focusing on the geometrical characterization of road structure, by evaluating layer thicknesses. Minor care has been given to the analysis of the main causes of damage and performance properties of pavements, in order to improve management of infrastructural asset through effective and efficient maintenance and rehabilitation actions, as well as to provide best conditions in design of new roads.
In that regard, this thesis is aimed to give a useful contribution also in the perspective of road safety issues by improving current processes of management and maintenance of road asset, along with the design of new roads, and provide effective support for the application and practical use of the tools described. Efforts have been spent in order to detect and quantify those physical and strength characteristics of road materials and subgrade soils that are relevant causes of damage, such that an effective planning of supporting actions for maintenance, rehabilitation and design of new roads may be timely performed.
Three main topics are addressed, namely: i) the evaluation of moisture spatial field in subgrade soils through a self-consistent frequency-based technique and the analysis of radar support scale in small-scale measurements of water content; ii) the potential to detect and quantify clay content in load-bearing layers and subgrade soils through different GPR tools and signal processing techniques, and iii) the possibility to infer strength and deformation characteristics of both bound, unbound pavement structures, and subgrade soils from their electric properties.
The results are encouraging for applications in the field of pavement engineering
The emergence of dynamic capabilities in SMEs: A critical realist study
No full textHow do dynamic capabilities develop in small firms? More specifically, what mechanisms account for the emergence of dynamic capabilities in SMEs? The dynamic capabilities perspective synthesises evolutionary theory, the resource based view of the firm and organisational learning to explain how firms sustain competitive advantage. However, the literature tends to focus on larger firms and assumes the existence of routines and processes, particularly those needed to assimilate new knowledge. The manner in which dynamic capabilities evolve may be different in the small firm context as routines and processes associated with seeking out and assimilating new knowledge will differ from those of large firms.
This research draws on a single case study using a critical realism perspective to study the emergence of dynamic capabilities. The case firm is a small Irish owned print firm that has evolved into an international brand and artwork management business. The study draws on interviews, company records and documents, and notes from 186 meetings between the author and the CEO over a seven year period. The case data is analysed using the framework of critical realism’s ontological strata of the Empirical, the Actual and the Real to interpret the data captured and to explore the underlying mechanisms present in order to provide defensible explanations for the phenomenon observed.
Analysis of the case data suggests that dynamic capabilities developed as a consequence of (i) the focus on firm performance, (ii) capacity building (people and technology), (iii) the evolution of higher order learning, (iv) managerial purposefulness, and (v) the use of third parties. Adopting a critical realist perspective suggests that dynamic capabilities emerged as a result of the interaction of the CEO’s capacity to engage in higher order learning and the CEO’s knowledge and networks as they relate to the business that allow the CEO identify, assimilate and exploit new knowledge. Contributions include a description and explanation of how dynamic capabilities emerged in an SME; the application of the dynamic capabilities perspective to the small firm context; and the use of the critical realist perspective to study dynamic capabilities in the context of small firms
Give me your wired and your highly skilled: measuring the impact of immigration policy on employers and shareholders
No full textThis paper links finance theory to labor economics in the context of migration and immigration policy. Using event analysis, I measure the impact of immigration policy on the firm profits, in particular the American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) of 1998 nearly doubled the available number of H-1B visas for skilled foreign workers in FY 1999. The empirical results show that top H-1B visa user industries enjoyed significant and positive excess returns with the passage of the Act, while industries with little need for H-1B visas experienced no significant changes. Several robustness checks support the results.Skilled immigrants, immigration policy, employers, shareholders, event study, H-1B visa
Risk Of Newly Detected Infections And Cervical Abnormalities In Women Seropositive For Naturally Acquired Human Papillomavirus Type 16/18 Antibodies: Analysis Of The Control Arm Of Patricia
No full textBackground. We examined risk of newly detected human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical abnormalities in relation to HPV type 16/18 antibody levels at enrollment in PATRICIA (Papilloma Trial Against Cancer in Young Adults; NCT00122681). Methods. Using Poisson regression, we compared risk of newly detected infection and cervical abnormalities associated with HPV-16/18 between seronegative vs seropositive women (15-25 years) in the control arm (DNA negative at baseline for the corresponding HPV type [HPV-16: n = 8193; HPV-18: n = 8463]). Results. High titers of naturally acquired HPV-16 antibodies and/or linear trend for increasing antibody levels were significantly associated with lower risk of incident and persistent infection, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or greater (ASCUS+), and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1/2 or greater (CIN1+, CIN2+). For HPV-18, although seropositivity was associated with lower risk of ASCUS+ and CIN1+, no association between naturally acquired antibodies and infection was demonstrated. Naturally acquired HPV-16 antibody levels of 371 (95% confidence interval [CI], 242-794), 204 (95% CI, 129-480), and 480 (95% CI, 250-5756) EU/mL were associated with 90% reduction of incident infection, 6-month persistent infection, and ASCUS+, respectively. Conclusions. Naturally acquired antibodies to HPV-16, and to a lesser extent HPV-18, are associated with some reduced risk of subsequent infection and cervical abnormalities associated with the same HPV type. © 2014 The Author 2014. 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