15 research outputs found
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF MARITAL LAW (STUDY OF THE DETERMINATION OF CHILD COSTODY)
No full textAn interdisciplinary approach is an approach that uses various scientific fields in solving a problem. The determination of child custody is usually decided by considering the age of the child. Children who are not yet mumayiz are taken care of by the mother, but when the child is an adult, they are given the choice to live with the mother or father. Through this study, the author examines the determination of child custody according to Islamic law and the Marriage Law and by using psychology and economics. That the custody of children in care must be assigned to the right person. From this paper, the author concludes that according to Islamic law, the determination of child custody takes into account the age of the child. According to Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, the determination of child custody before adulthood is decided by a local court judge. In psychology, the determination of child custody takes into account the mental or psychological aspects of the child. Especially in terms of the child\u27s emotional closeness, closer to the mother or father. So that way, the child\u27s condition will be better in living their daily lives and not getting pressure. Meanwhile, by using economics, the determination of child custody is seen from the financial stability of both parents, both from the mother and from the father. Because in carrying out child care requires financially established, so that the needs of children can be met properly. So, in determining child custody, it can not only be seen from the age of the child but can use other considerations.
Keywords: Child custody, Mother, Fathe
Energy-efficient architectures for recurrent neural networks
No full textDeep Learning algorithms have been remarkably successful in applications such as Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine Translation. Thus, these kinds of applications are ubiquitous in our lives and are found in a plethora of devices. These algorithms are composed of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which have a large number of parameters and require a large amount of computations. Hence, the evaluation of DNNs is challenging due to their large memory and power requirements.
RNNs are employed to solve sequence to sequence problems such as Machine Translation. They contain data dependencies among the executions of time-steps hence the amount of parallelism is severely limited. Thus, evaluating them in an energy-efficient manner is more challenging than evaluating other DNN algorithms.
This thesis studies applications using RNNs to improve their energy efficiency on specialized architectures. Specifically, we propose novel energy-saving techniques and highly efficient architectures tailored to the evaluation of RNNs. We focus on the most successful RNN topologies which are the Long Short Term memory and the Gated Recurrent Unit.
First, we characterize a set of RNNs running on a modern SoC. We identify that accessing the memory to fetch the model weights is the main source of energy consumption. Thus, we propose E-PUR: an energy-efficient processing unit for RNN inference. E-PUR achieves 6.8x speedup and improves energy consumption by 88x compared to the SoC. These benefits are obtained by improving the temporal locality of the model weights.
In E-PUR, fetching the parameters is the main source of energy consumption. Thus, we strive to reduce memory accesses and propose a scheme to reuse previous computations. Our observation is that when evaluating the input sequences of an RNN model, the output of a given neuron tends to change lightly between consecutive evaluations.Thus, we develop a scheme that caches the neurons' outputs and reuses them whenever it detects that the change between the current and previously computed output value for a given neuron is small avoiding to fetch the weights. In order to decide when to reuse a previous value we employ a Binary Neural Network (BNN) as a predictor of reusability. The low-cost BNN can be employed in this context since its output is highly correlated to the output of RNNs. We show that our proposal avoids more than 24.2% of computations. Hence, on average, energy consumption is reduced by 18.5% for a speedup of 1.35x.
RNN models’ memory footprint is usually reduced by using low precision for evaluation and storage. In this case, the minimum precision used is identified offline and it is set such that the model maintains its accuracy. This method utilizes the same precision to compute all time-steps.Yet, we observe that some time-steps can be evaluated with a lower precision while preserving the accuracy. Thus, we propose a technique that dynamically selects the precision used to compute each time-step. A challenge of our proposal is choosing a lower bit-width. We address this issue by recognizing that information from a previous evaluation can be employed to determine the precision required in the current time-step. Our scheme evaluates 57% of the computations on a bit-width lower than the fixed precision employed by static methods. We implement it on E-PUR and it provides 1.46x speedup and 19.2% energy savings on average.Los algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo han tenido un éxito notable en aplicaciones como el reconocimiento automático de voz y la traducción automática. Por ende, estas aplicaciones son omnipresentes en nuestras vidas y se encuentran en una gran cantidad de dispositivos. Estos algoritmos se componen de Redes Neuronales Profundas (DNN), tales como las Redes Neuronales Convolucionales y Redes Neuronales Recurrentes (RNN), las cuales tienen un gran número de parámetros y cálculos. Por esto implementar DNNs en dispositivos móviles y servidores es un reto debido a los requisitos de memoria y energía. Las RNN se usan para resolver problemas de secuencia a secuencia tales como traducción automática. Estas contienen dependencias de datos entre las ejecuciones de cada time-step, por ello la cantidad de paralelismo es limitado. Por eso la evaluación de RNNs de forma energéticamente eficiente es un reto. En esta tesis se estudian RNNs para mejorar su eficiencia energética en arquitecturas especializadas. Para esto, proponemos técnicas de ahorro energético y arquitecturas de alta eficiencia adaptadas a la evaluación de RNN. Primero, caracterizamos un conjunto de RNN ejecutándose en un SoC. Luego identificamos que acceder a la memoria para leer los pesos es la mayor fuente de consumo energético el cual llega hasta un 80%. Por ende, creamos E-PUR: una unidad de procesamiento para RNN. E-PUR logra una aceleración de 6.8x y mejora el consumo energético en 88x en comparación con el SoC. Esas mejoras se deben a la maximización de la ubicación temporal de los pesos. En E-PUR, la lectura de los pesos representa el mayor consumo energético. Por ende, nos enfocamos en reducir los accesos a la memoria y creamos un esquema que reutiliza resultados calculados previamente. La observación es que al evaluar las secuencias de entrada de un RNN, la salida de una neurona dada tiende a cambiar ligeramente entre evaluaciones consecutivas, por lo que ideamos un esquema que almacena en caché las salidas de las neuronas y las reutiliza cada vez que detecta un cambio pequeño entre el valor de salida actual y el valor previo, lo que evita leer los pesos. Para decidir cuándo usar un cálculo anterior utilizamos una Red Neuronal Binaria (BNN) como predictor de reutilización, dado que su salida está altamente correlacionada con la salida de la RNN. Esta propuesta evita más del 24.2% de los cálculos y reduce el consumo energético promedio en 18.5%. El tamaño de la memoria de los modelos RNN suele reducirse utilizando baja precisión para la evaluación y el almacenamiento de los pesos. En este caso, la precisión mínima utilizada se identifica de forma estática y se establece de manera que la RNN mantenga su exactitud. Normalmente, este método utiliza la misma precisión para todo los cálculos. Sin embargo, observamos que algunos cálculos se pueden evaluar con una precisión menor sin afectar la exactitud. Por eso, ideamos una técnica que selecciona dinámicamente la precisión utilizada para calcular cada time-step. Un reto de esta propuesta es como elegir una precisión menor. Abordamos este problema reconociendo que el resultado de una evaluación previa se puede emplear para determinar la precisión requerida en el time-step actual. Nuestro esquema evalúa el 57% de los cálculos con una precisión menor que la precisión fija empleada por los métodos estáticos. Por último, la evaluación en E-PUR muestra una aceleración de 1.46x con un ahorro de energía promedio de 19.2%Arquitectura de computadorsDOCTORAT EN ARQUITECTURA DE COMPUTADORS (Pla 2012
Replication Data for: Motivated Corporate Political Action: Evidence from an SEC Experiment
No full textDo bureaucratic actions trigger political engagement by firms? From 2005 through 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) conducted a pilot study, for which they exempted a third of the stocks in the Russell 3000 Index from short-selling price restrictions. This case presents a unique opportunity to study the connection between governmental regulation and firms’ costly political engagement in an experimentally-manipulated setting. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that firms exempted from price restrictions on short selling are more likely to lobby than the rest of the firms in the pilot study. In contrast, there is no discernible effect on treated firms' PAC contribution patterns. This study helps clarify the strategic motivations behind why firms differentially engage in political activity
KONSEP KELUARGA SEJAHTERA DI KALANGAN PENYANDANG DISABILITAS (STUDI KASUS DEWAN PERWAKILAN CABANG PERSATUAN TUNANETRA INDONESIA KOTA PALEMBANG)
No full textA prosperous family is a family that is formed based on a legal marriage, is able to meet the needs of proper spiritual and material life, fears Allah, has good relationships between family members and the surrounding environment. Every married couple certainly has the desire to be able to achieve prosperity in the family, as well as couples with disabilities, especially for blind people who have this desire. Each individual has a different point of view about a prosperous family. That way, the author will conduct a study and research about how the concept of a prosperous family according to Pertuni Palembang helps improve the welfare of families with visual impairments.
This research is a study with an empirical juridical approach, to see the understanding of Pertuni Palembang by referring to the legal norms offered by the government, whether the practical view of fostering a family is in accordance with the concept offered by the Ministry of Religion. This research is descriptive analytical based on data taken from the field through interviews with blind people, observations of prosperous families according to Pertuni, documentation includes archives about Pertuni number of members, occupation, and religion. The data is analyzed to understand the views related to prosperous families from a legal perspective and or concepts that are required to be legal guidelines or references.
This study concludes that first, the concept of a prosperous family that is understood or applied by each administrator of Pertuni Palembang is different. The difference in the concept of family is caused by the different educational levels of the blind. Second, that from these different views, two concepts about a prosperous family emerged, namely a concept that emphasizes understanding, understanding, and adequacy of what is owned in the family, and does not ignore the financial aspect and a concept that emphasizes the financial aspect, where the need for finances primarily for children's education. Third, that the concept of a prosperous family held and understood by Pertuni Palembang is a simplification of the concept offered by the Ministry of Religion and is generally in line with th
How Crisis Reshapes Government Talent
No full textHow do public servants respond to institutional crises? Existing theories emphasize bureaucratic resilience, but shocks that generate workplace dysfunction and threaten professional identity may affect the stability of bureaucratic labor. To address this question, we study the aftermath of the storming of the U.S. capitol on January 6, 2021. Using comprehensive data on congressional staffers from 2008-2022, we find increased turnover in Democratic offices relative to Republican offices. Subsequent staffing patterns also shifted: Democratic offices experienced declines in observable human capital (legislative experience and educational attainment) and increased reliance on temporary staff. These changes were further accompanied by reductions in the racial and gender diversity of congressional staff. Taken together, these findings suggest that workplace disruptions can degrade institutional capacity by reshaping the composition and continuity of the congressional workforce. More broadly, we demonstrate how political unrest reverberates through the personnel infrastructure of governance
Analisis Korean Wave terhadap Rasa Nasionalisme pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
No full textWith the current globalization, many foreign cultures enter Indonesia through many platforms that are easily accessible to various groups. Including the Korean Wave culture that is familiar and has spread among teenagers. This study aims to determine what the Korean Wave has caused to the sense of nationalism of Economics Education students at the University of Education Indonesia. How to counteract the negative impact on the sense of nationalism for Economics Education students at the University of Education Indonesia. The type of research used is a literacy study where the author will look for data by means of observation, and interviews. The object of this research is Economic Education students at the University of Education Indonesia. The positive impact is that it can make students more enthusiastic about learning, because korean wave is an entertainment media for students during breaks as a fatigue reliever. The negative impact is that it makes students lack a sense of nationalism towards the homeland, they look more at Korean culture than Indonesian culture
Implementasi Metode Amsilati dalam Mempermudah Membaca Kitab Kuning di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikamusalafiyyah Cipulus Purwakarta
No full textThe Amtsilati method is a fast way to learn the yellow book. The Amtsilati method is inspired by the fast method of reading the Qur'an, namely the qiro'ati method. If in the qiro'ati method people can learn to read the Qur'an quickly, then with the Amtsilati method people will be able to read and understand bare books/books without harokat. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the amtsilati method in making it easier to read the yellow book at the al-hikamusalafiyyah Islamic boarding school cipulus purwakarta. The method used by the author is quantitative, the data collection technique used is a questionnaire and observation. The results obtained from this study are based on the calculation of the slovin formula. The reality of using the amsilati method in the al-hikamussalafiyah Islamic boarding school cipulus purwakarta based on the data obtained an average value of 3,. The reality of using the amsilati method in the Islamic boarding school al-hikamussalafiyah cipulus purwakart, Based on the data obtained the average value of 3.1 this is included in the medium category, because it is between 2.5 - 3.5. The reality makes it easier to read the yellow ktab at the Islamic boarding school al-hikamussalafiyah cipulus purwakarta. Based on the data obtained, the average value of 3.1 is included in the medium category, because it is between 2.5 - 3.5. The effect of the amsilati method in making it easier to read the yellow book at the al-hikamussalafiyyah Islamic boarding school cipulus purwakarta after testing the data obtained then correlated between variables X and Y variables, there is a correlation of 0.75% (0.61-0.80) which shows a high correlation. Due to the influence of the use of the amtsilati method in making it easier to read the yellow book at the al-hikamusalafiyyah cipulus purwakarta Islamic boarding school, it is hoped that the pesantren will continue to strive for the implementation of learning using the amtsilati method to make it easier for students to read the yellow book, and teachers are expected to continue to look for games so that the use of the amtsilati method makes reading easier. the yellow book is more interesting and not monotonou
Essays on money in politics
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Department of Political Science, 2022
"Chapter 2 is joint work by the student and Professor Mary Kroeger"--Page xii.This dissertation examines different ways that interest groups and lobbyists strategically interact with the legislative and regulatory environment. In the first chapter, I focus on the notice-and-comment period and assess how interest groups subsidize oversight to members of Congress. The second chapter explores how an enacted regulatory change can result in changes in lobbying engagement by firms. The third chapter examines the decision of revolving door lobbyists to return to work in Congress. In the first essay, I analyze the co-participation of members of Congress and interest groups in the rulemaking process. I argue that campaign contributions by interest groups compel legislators to participate in the notice-and-comment period. Using data collected from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), I find that members of Congress are more likely to comment on a docket that a donor also commented on when they receive a donation from that donor in the last congress term. In addition, I find that legislators that are electorally vulnerable are more responsive to donations as compared to legislators that won their previous election with a greater margin of victory. Lastly, I systematically analyze the text of the comments submitted by both legislators and interest groups and find evidence that legislators' comments are more similar in content to those of their donors as opposed to non-donors. The second paper is co-authored with Mary Kroeger and examines whether government actions trigger political engagement by private firms. In this case, we take advantage of a pilot study conducted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in which a third of the stocks in the Russell 3000 Index were exempted from short-selling price restrictions. This pilot presents a unique opportunity to study the connection between governmental regulation and firms’ costly political engagement in a causal framework. Consistent with the literature on informational lobbying, we find that treated firms lobby more than those firms unaffected by the pilot study. On the other hand, we don’t observe any effect on PAC contributions. In the third chapter, I explore why revolving door lobbyists decide to leave a lucrative career in lobbying to move back to Congress as staffers. Using a comprehensive dataset that matches lobbying filings and congressional history, I show that lobbyists are more likely to return to Congress when they lose connections to legislators they previously worked for. I also find that lobbyists with a smaller network of senior staffer connections are more affected when losing a legislator connection. This paper contributes towards painting a more complete picture of the revolving door phenomenon
