26 research outputs found
Renminbi misaligned - Results from meta-regressions
No full textWe collect data from 29 separate papers estimating the equilibrium level and possible undervaluation of the Chinese currency, the renminbi. These papers yield a total of 97 individual observations on misalignment, which we analyse with the help of meta-analysis. We find that the vast majority of observations point to renminbi undervaluation in recent years and that the undervaluation is more pronounced when the US dollar exchange rate is used instead of the real effective exchange rate. We find several characteristics of papers and authors that clearly seem to influence the reported misalignments. For example, when the author is affiliated with an investment bank, the reported misalignment is smaller. Using time-series techniques also results in lower estimates of undervaluation. On the other hand, refereed journals seemingly are inclined to publish papers that report larger misalignments. Results caution against trusting too much in any one study concerning renminbi undervaluation.equilibrium exchange rate; exchange rate misalignment; meta-analysis; China
Price Convergence and Geographic Dimension of Market Integration: Evidence from China
No full textThis study analyses the level and geographic dimension of China's market integration. The objective is to provide a broad characterization of China's market integration by performing a variety of empirical tests and providing comparisons to other studies on the same topic. The models tested are grounded in the law of one price. Price convergence is analysed with univariate time series methods, where linear and non-linear cointegration models refer to convergence in the short run and in the long run, respectively. The non-linear model is considered a good fit for analysing transitional economies, because the non-linear trend variable in the model indicates whether there is movement towards integration in the long run. Convergence of prices is first analysed by comparing city-level prices with China's national average price level and then by dividing China into three regional clusters. The estimation results suggest that the level of integration across Chinese cities is fairly high by international standards. The great majority of price series trending towards integration are services. The geographic pattern of China's market integration did not turn out as expected. Eastern cities are among the least integrated cities in the nationwide examination. Relatively high levels of integration were detected from several central and south-eastern cities. Furthermore, the cluster convergence approach to analyse China's market integration did not augment the eastern cities' level of convergence
Renminbi misaligned: Results from meta-regressions
No full textWe collect data from 29 separate papers estimating the equilibrium level and possible undervaluation of the Chinese currency, the renminbi. These papers yield a total of 97 individual observations on misalignment, which we analyse with the help of meta-analysis. We find that the vast majority of observations point to renminbi undervaluation in recent years and that the undervaluation is more pronounced when the US dollar exchange rate is used instead of the real effective exchange rate. We find several characteristics of papers and authors that clearly seem to influence the reported misalignments. For example, when the author is affiliated with an investment bank, the reported misalignment is smaller. Using time-series techniques also results in lower estimates of undervaluation. On the other hand, refereed journals seemingly are inclined to publish papers that report larger misalignments. Results caution against trusting too much in any one study concerning renminbi underva! luation
The analysis of confrontational strategic manoeuvres in a political interview
No full textThe aim of this paper is to indicate how knowledge of the argumentative activity type of a political interview plays a role in a pragma-dialectical analysis of confrontational strategic manoeuvres. The author gives an account of the contextual pre-conditions created by the rules and conventions of a political interview for the performance by a politician of responses to an accusation of inconsistency advanced by an interviewer
The analysis of confrontational strategic manoeuvres in a political interview
No full textThe aim of this paper is to indicate how knowledge of the argumentative activity type of a political interview plays a role in a pragma-dialectical analysis of confrontational strategic manoeuvres. The author gives an account of the contextual pre-conditions created by the rules and conventions of a political interview for the performance by a politician of responses to an accusation of inconsistency advanced by an interviewer
Price convergence and geographic pattern of market integration: evidence from the transitional economy of China.
No full textHijabin käyttö osana poliisin virkavaatetusta
No full textTässä opinnäytetyössä perehdytään musliminaisten huivin, eli hijabin, käytön nykytilanteeseen osana poliisin virkavaatetusta niin Suomessa, kuin muualla maailmassa. Suomen poliisissa ei ole mahdollista valita uskonnollista päähinettä, kuten musliminaisten huivia osaksi virkavaatetusta. Tiukka pukeutumissääntö rajaa siten poliisin ammatin ulkopuolelle huivia käyttävät musliminaiset. Toisella puolella vaakakupissa painavat kuitenkin poliisin virkavaatetuksen neutraalius ja erilaiset turvallisuuskysymykset, joilla huivin ja muiden uskonnollisten päähineiden käyttökieltoa virkapuvun osana on perusteltu.
Opinnäytetyössä on tutkittu, miten maissa, joissa huivia saa käyttää on ratkaistu siihen liittyviä kysymyksiä, sekä millaista poliittista keskustelua sen tiimoilta on herännyt Suomessa ja muissa maissa.
Opinnäytetyössä hyödynnettiin sekä kvalitatiivisia, että kvantitatiivisia tutkimusmenetelmiä. Kvalitatiivisen haastattelututkimuksen avulla löydettiin, että haastatelluilla suomalaisilla musliminaisilla olisi halukkuutta liittyä poliisiorganisaatioon turvaamaan suomalaista yhteiskuntaa, mutta he eivät ole valmiita tinkimään omasta uskonnollisesta identiteetistään riisumalla huivia ammatin vuoksi. Opinnäytetyössä toteutettiin myös musliminaisille suunnattu kyselytutkimus kvantitatiivisena tutkimuksena, jonka avulla kartoitettiin suomalaisen muslimiväestön mielipiteitä huivikysymyksen tiimoilta. Lomakekyselyn perusteella selvisi, että suurin osa vastaajista toivoisi mahdollisuutta hijabin käytölle osana virkapukua, ja että aihe on muslimiyhteisöissä tärkeä ja siitä on keskusteltu paljon. Pieni osa vastaajista toi kuitenkin esiin, ettei heidän tulkintansa mukainen islaminusko pidä poliisin työtä sopivana musliminaisille.This thesis examines the current situation regarding the use of the hijab, or headscarf, by Muslim women as part of police uniforms both in Finland and elsewhere in the world. In the Finnish police, it is not possible to choose a religious head covering, such as the hijab as part of the uniform. The strict dress code excludes Muslim women who wear the hijab from the profession of policing. On the other hand, the neutrality of police uniforms and various security issues weigh heavily in the balance, justifying the ban on wearing the hijab and other religious head coverings as part of the official uniform.
The thesis investigates how countries where the hijab is allowed have addressed related issues, as well as the political discussions that have arisen around the topic in Finland and other countries.
The thesis utilized both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Through qualitative interviews, it was found that the interviewed Finnish Muslim women would be willing to join the police organization to safeguard Finnish society, but they are not prepared to compromise their religious identity by removing the hijab for the sake of their profession. The thesis also included a questionnaire aimed at Muslim women as a quantitative study, which mapped the opinions of the Finnish Muslim population regarding the hijab issue. Based on the questionnaire, it became clear that the majority of respondents would like the opportunity to wear the hijab as part of the police uniform, and that the topic is important within Muslim communities and has been widely discussed. However, a small portion of respondents expressed that, according to their interpretation, Islam does not deem police work suitable for Muslim women
Kestävän liiketoiminnan startup-pohjaisen innovaatiomallin kehittäminen
No full textTässä raportissa tarkastellaan DemosHelsinki Peloton Clubin piirissä syntynyttä startup-yritystoimintaa ja sen roolia kestävän kehityksen yritystoiminnan kentässä ja kasvuyrityskentässä. Hankkeessa etsittiin vastauksia kysymyksiin 1) Miten ja miksi uusia kasvuyrityksiä syntyy ympäristöliiketoiminnan kenttään ja 2) miten Peloton Club -toiminta tukee uusien yritysten syntyä ja kehitystä. Hanke toteutettiin Aalto-yliopiston ja DemosHelsingin yhteistyönä Liikesivistysrahaston tuella
Pathways toward a positive future
No full textExamples of emerging sustainable living practices can be found in all parts of the world. However, negative impacts from production and consumption remain and broad shifts toward sustainable lifestyles are not yet occurring. How can future scenarios and road mapping be used to develop actions to support the transition toward sustainable living
