258 research outputs found
Tino Sehgal: Constructed Situations, Joyce and Beuys
No full textThe Stedelijk Museum regularly invites guestbloggers to share their experiences and thoughts. In this blog Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes, professor in art history at the University of Amsterdam, compares Tino Sehgal’s constructed situations to novels of Joyce and Beuys
Beuysian legacies in Ireland and beyond: art, culture and politics
No full textThis collection of trans-disciplinary essays addresses the artistic, cultural and political legacies of Joseph Beuys' expanded concept of art and its societal application, for example through the Free International University (FIU). Since the 1980s, Beuys' practice has had a strong influence on the Peaceful Revolution, "relational aesthetics" and the "art and reconciliation" movement, attempting to bring about cultural understanding and reconciliation in situations of conflict. His work is pertinent to how we think about diversity and sustainability and may constitute an applied anthropology
'Performance Art + Northern Ireland'
No full textPERFORMANCE ART + NORTHERN IRELAND Co-curated by Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes and Brian Connolly:The performance artist Brian Connolly and art historian Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes are co-curators of this exhibition and its related events, featuring a range of the key and influential artists who moved to Northern Ireland in the 1970s (MacLennan), or artists from Northern Ireland (Andre Stitt, Sandra Johnston, Sinead Breathnach-Cashel, Brian Connolly, and Bbeyond). Other more temporary but impactful presences were Joseph Beuys in 1974, Adrian Hall, Black Market International, Dan Shipsides, Sinead O’Donnell, and selected key members of the Polish, British, and continental European performance art movements. The exhibition is an initial historical survey of Performance Art in Northern Ireland. This exhibition and its constituent parts are highly challenging, as performance art’s basic tenet is that it should be seen and experienced live. This has to be honoured within the proposed exhibition format. An exhibition of performance art may well work with some performance “relics,” sculptures, and installations; but an exhibition that claims to be a survey also needs to work with scheduled events, recorded performances, archival documentation, and possibly “re-performances” (some of them fraught concepts that could prompt severe criticism).The Golden Thread Gallery will present a series of documentary artefacts, still photography, video, film, and other archival materials, and will also host a series of performances from key artists such as MacLennan, Johnston, Connolly, and Bbeyond
Reading Time and Infrastructural Critique:Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes reflects on Brian O’Doherty’s Social Practice Legacy
No full textWriting Art and Creating Back: What Can We Do With Art (History)?
No full textThe roles and borders of art and Art History are not stable. Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes argues that this has been the case since the beginnings of our modern understanding of art, and from the beginnings of the academic discipline of Modern and Contemporary Art History - inaugurated by a curator at the University of Amsterdam in 1963. From this basis, she investigates the boundaries between art and art-historical practices from two sides: artists who engage with (literary) writing, and art historians who do the same - in a creative, "artistic" way. Using insights from previous studies on James Joyce and Joseph Beuys, as well as Radical History, she concludes that there are good reasons for artists and art historians to work in several registers, to employ indirect and direct notions of social and political efficacy. They thus show that art (history) is part of the world: it contributes modes of meaning-making and world-making
Reading Time and Infrastructural Critique:Christa-Maria Lerm Hayes reflects on Brian O’Doherty’s Social Practice Legacy
No full textHuman Macrophages Infected with a High Burden of ESAT-6-Expressing M. tuberculosis Undergo Caspase-1-and Cathepsin B-Independent Necrosis
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects lung macrophages, which instead of killing the pathogen can be manipulated by the bacilli, creating an environment suitable for intracellular replication and spread to adjacent cells. The role of host cell death during Mtb infection is debated because the bacilli have been shown to be both anti-apoptotic, keeping the host cell alive to avoid the antimicrobial effects of apoptosis, and pro-necrotic, killing the host macrophage to allow infection of neighboring cells. Since mycobacteria activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, we investigated whether Mtb could induce one of the recently described inflammasome-linked cell death modes pyroptosis and pyronecrosis. These are mediated through caspase-1 and cathepsin-B, respectively. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with virulent (H37Rv) Mtb at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 or 10. The higher MOI resulted in strongly enhanced release of IL-1 beta, while a low MOI gave no IL-1 beta response. The infected macrophages were collected and cell viability in terms of the integrity of DNA, mitochondria and the plasma membrane was determined. We found that infection with H37Rv at MOI 10, but not MOI 1, over two days led to extensive DNA fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of plasma membrane integrity, and HMGB1 release. Although we observed plasma membrane permeabilization and IL-1 beta release from infected cells, the cell death induced by Mtb was not dependent on caspase-1 or cathepsin B. It was, however, dependent on mycobacterial expression of ESAT-6. We conclude that as virulent Mtb reaches a threshold number of bacilli inside the human macrophage, ESAT-6-dependent necrosis occurs, activating caspase-1 in the process.Original Publication: Amanda Welin, Daniel Eklund, Olle Stendahl and Maria Lerm, Human Macrophages Infected with a High Burden of ESAT-6-Expressing M. tuberculosis Undergo Caspase-1-and Cathepsin B-Independent Necrosis, 2011, PLOS ONE, (6), 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020302 Licensee: Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://www.plos.org
In vitro granuloma models of tuberculosis: potential and challenges
No full textDespite intensive research efforts, several fundamental disease processes for tuberculosis (TB) remain poorly understood. A central enigma is that host immunity is necessary to control disease yet promotes transmission by causing lung immunopathology. Our inability to distinguish these processes makes it challenging to design rational novel interventions. Elucidating basic immune mechanisms likely requires both in vivo and in vitro analyses, since Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly specialized human pathogen. The classic immune response is the TB granuloma organized in three dimensions within extracellular matrix. Several groups are developing cell culture granuloma models. In January 2018, NIAID convened a workshop, entitled “3-D Human in vitro TB Granuloma Model” to advance the field. Here, we summarize the arguments for developing advanced TB cell culture models and critically review those currently available. We discuss how integrating complementary approaches, specifically organoids and mathematical modeling, can maximize progress, and conclude by discussing future challenges and opportunities
On the relationship between BCG coverage and national COVID-19 outcome: could heterologous herd immunity explain why some countries are better off?
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected most parts of the global society since its emergence, and the scientific community has been challenged with questions urgently demanding answers. One of the early hypotheses on COVID-19 outcome was that some protection could be offered by the tuberculosis vaccine (BCG), and several clinical studies were initiated along with the emergence of numerous observational studies on the relationship between BCG and COVID-19 severity. In the present work, I demonstrate a strong correlation between the number of years that countries implemented BCG vaccination plans and age-standardized mortality rates during the first months of the pandemic in Europe. Further analyses of age groups in two European countries with comparably few confounding factors and easily identifiable groups of BCG-vaccinated and non-vaccinated subgroups suggest a population-level effect of BCG on national outcomes of COVID-19. This phenomenon of heterologous herd immunity deserves further investigation, both in epidemiological and experimental studies.Funding Agencies|Hjart-Lungfonden [20200319] Funding Source: Medline</p
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