21 research outputs found
Principals Perceptions of their Knowledge in Special Education
No full textWith the Every Student Succeeds Act continuing to legislate accountability for special education and Hispanic students, the appropriate content in principal preparation programs relevant to successful leadership of special education programs is vital. This mixed methods study analyzed the survey responses of 84 principals in South Texas from predominantly Hispanic schools to determine the principals perceptions regarding their legal, foundational, and contextual knowledge of special education and their suggested topics for inclusion in curriculum content of principal preparation programs to provide the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively implement and supervise special education programs. Results indicated that the principals greatest knowledge was of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (100%) and the lowest area of knowledge was in designing curriculum for students with disabilities (65%). The most frequent recommendation for inclusion in principal preparation was for additional content in special education laws, Section 504, and Response to Intervention
Preparaçao de bases de schiff e síntese quimio-enzimática de oxaziridinas
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Curso de Química.As Bases de Schiff (iminas) são compostos que possuem ligações C=N, e que são preparadas através da condensação de um aldeído com uma amina primária. Inicialmente foram preparadas iminas derivadas de benzaldeídos substituídos e da t-butilamina e uma derivada do cinamaldeído e anilina, através de distintas metodologias. As p-nitro-N-benzilden-t-butilamina, N-benziliden-t-butilamina, e N-cinemalidenanilina, foram obtidas a temperatura ambiente, enquanto que as p-metoxi, p-ciano, m-nitro, o-nitro e a p-metil-N-benzilden-t-butilamina foram preparadas sob condições de refluxo. As reações foram feitas em etanol absoluto e ácido acético como catalisador com rendimentos de 5-95%. Após a preparação, foi feita a caracterização, obtendo-se os pontos de fusão e os dados espectrométricos de infravermelho (IV) e ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN-1H). Para todos os compostos foi observada a banda característica da ligação C=N na região de 1625-1668 cm-1, e o pico correspondente ao próton imínico na região de 8,2-8,6 ppm. Posteriormente, as p-nitro e p-ciano-N-benzilden-t-butilamina foram utilizadas como substratos em reações de oxidação pelo método químio-enzimático para formação das correspondentes oxaziridinas catalisada pela CALB e LPS, a 25 oC. Os estudos demonstraram que a CALB foi mais eficiente na obtenção das oxaziridinas derivadas dessas iminas (>99 e 79%, respectivamente), quando comparados com o uso da LPS ( 99, > 99 e 81%). Finalmente, salienta-se que este método é eficiente para a obtenção de oxaziridinas em condições suaves de reação
Influences on the nature and performance of contracts for primary care : case studies from Southern Africa
No full textContracts are promoted as a tool which governments can use to involve the private health care sector
in the delivery of public sector services. In low and middle income (LMIC) countries they have been
suggesteda s a useful meansb oth for involving the private sectora nd for controlling it. However,
evidence from developed countries suggests that the nature of contractual relationships with the
public sector can be highly complex and that they may not always operate as envisaged by marketbased
economic theory. Very little evidence is available from the different setting of low or middle
income countries.
This research examined the nature of three different contractual relationships for primary care
services in South Africa and Lesotho. A principally qualitative, case study approach, drawing on
ideas from new institutional economics, was used to examine the broad context in which these
contracts were set, and formal and informal controls upon their operation. A broad framework of
factors for the analysis of contractual relationships was used throughout the study and to increase the
generalisability of the case study findings. Theories about the varied shape and possible
incompleteness of contracts were used as the basis for an examination of formal and informal
controls on the operation of contracts in an LMIC setting.
The contracts examined were all found to be incomplete and reliant on external factors to determine
the way in which they operateda nd the natureo f the contractuarl elationship. Primaryc are services
were observed to be both difficult to specify in a contract and very problematic to monitor. The role
of factors such as market competition, the nature of the provider, informal monitoring, trust and
dependence were each highlighted in the results of the case studies. The importance of taking such
factors into account, and recognising the highly variable nature of contracts likely to arise in different
settings, were key findings of the study. These findings support a more cautious approach to some of
the expectations placed on contracting in low and middle income settings, but also highlight its
potential value when approached appropriately
Movement patterns of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) from a central western Mediterranean protected area
No full textMovement patterns of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas were determined from 389 individuals (total tagged 5666) tag-recaptured inside a no-take area of the central western Mediterranean and its surrounding zone. High site association and limited movements in tagged lobsters was observed; 60.4% of lobsters moved less than 2 km from the centre of the area (site of release). No clear relationship between lobster movement pattern and sex or size was observed; however, it seemed that the largest males and females tended to be more resident, thus contributing to the rebuilding of the biomass of local lobsters. Most lobsters undertook migrations in the southwest direction. The increased availability of shelters and food towards the southwest Could have contributed to the lobsters' movement. The results of our research indicate that the small size of the protected area and the scale of the movement exhibited by tagged lobsters allows a proportion of the lobster population to Move Out of the protected area and become susceptible to capture in the adjacent fishery
Caracterização físico-química, bioquímica, microscópica e sensorial da n-carboximetilquitosana em solução e filme
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência dos AlimentosA N-carboximetilquitosana (NCMQ) é um polieletrólito com cargas negativas, formada a partir da carboximetilação da quitosana. A derivatização consiste na reação do grupo amino livre da quitosana com ácido glioxílico, produzindo um gel solúvel com grupamentos imino que sofrem redução com borohidreto de sódio. Neste trabalho foi obtida a NCMQ com grau de substituição de 20,88 % . A NCMQ foi analisada por cromatografia de exclusão estérica acoplado a detector de índice de refração e espalhamento de luz (light scattering), para avaliação da distribuição de massa molecular. A determinação da viscosidade [h] foi realizada a 25 °C, medindo-se inicialmente os tempos de escoamento de soluções de NCMQ de 0,02-0,1 % (m/v), contendo diferentes sais (NaCl e KCl), na concentração de 0,1 M. Os resultados indicam que pode haver uma influência do sal na determinação da [h], provavelmente resultante da mudança conformacional do polímero devido a distintas interações dos cátions com os grupos aniônicos do polímero. A solução aquosa de NCMQ 2 % (m/v) apresentou comportamento tipo pseudoplástico, relativamente discreto, caracterizado pela diminuição da viscosidade com o aumento da velocidade de cisalhamento. O comportamento típico de polieletrólito foi observado ao comparar as viscosidades do polímero, maiores em água do que em NaCl 0,1 M. É evidente a influência da concentração no aumento da viscosidade das soluções de NCMQ, apresentando valor de c*[h] » 2,0, considerando-se a transição do regime diluído para o semidiluído. Na degradação térmica da NCMQ foi possível observar dois eventos: o primeiro a ~250 ºC e o segundo evento que ocorreu a Tm de ~602 ºC. Analisando a NCMQ, a Ea aumentou a uma velocidade constante (k) e diminuiu em função do fator de conversão (a %), indicando um lento processo de degradação a 100 ºC. No experimento com ratos Wistar machos adultos, divididos em quatro grupos recebendo dieta controle (1), dieta hiperlipídica (2), dieta hiperlipídica suplementada com 5 % de quitosana (3) e dieta hiperlipídica suplementada com 5 % NCMQ, não foram observadas diferenças significativas no ganho de peso e consumo alimentar entre os diferentes grupos. A dieta suplementada com quitosana foi a que apresentou maior capacidade de excreção fecal comparado com o grupo NCMQ. As dietas controle, hiperlipídica e suplementada com quitosana não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto aos níveis séricos de colesterol, LDL e HDL-colesterol, demonstrando pequenas alterações. Porém, os níveis de colesterol total e LDL foram significativamente mais elevados no grupo NCMQ. Os níveis séricos de triglicerídios não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. O filme de NCMQ possui maior resistência mecânica e alto valor de E´,em relação ao filme de quitosana, esta propriedade provavelmente foi gerada pela orientação das fibras no filme se apresentarem nos dois sentidos, horizontal e vertical, sugerindo um entrecruzamento entre elas. Fato este observado pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A ruptura prematura do filme de NCMQ aplicado nas maçãs cultivar Catarina pode ser devido à ausência de um plastificante. A aplicação do filme de NCMQ em maçãs, cultivar Catarina, não alterou propriedades sensoriais como odor, sabor e suculência, tanto nas amostras armazenadas a temperatura ambiente ou mantidas sob refrigeração. Cor e brilho da casca e dureza das amostras refrigeradas receberam escores superiores, independente da aplicação do filme de NCMQ
Teorias em estudos de homens transgênero: uma revisão da literatura
No full textPurpose/Context. This article categorizes the theories described in empirical studies of transgender men to contribute to epistemological and methodological advances in bioethics from transdisciplinary approaches.
Method/Approach. We conducted a qualitative narrative literature review under a research objective and question, bibliographic search, study retrieval, systematization, selection, database construction, primary analysis, evaluation, and analysis by topic. The review encompasses empirical studies of transgender men in Spanish and English published in Pub-Med, APA, DOAJ, and Scielo between January 2010 and May 2019, with no design limits. The articles included were classified by emerging theme and by theory, according to their authors.
Results. Of 79 articles, 46 had a quantitative approach, 25 qualitative, and 8 mixed. The emerging themes are discrimination, diversity, education, health, identity, marketing, society, and violence. There is a lack of theoretical foundations in 83.5 % of the publications; theory is indirectly described in 15.2 % and explicitly described in 3.85 %, particularly queer, recognition, and gender and sexual identity theories.
Discussion/Conclusion/Contributions. Empirical production on transgender men lacks explicit theoretical basis, except for three articles, suggesting the need for own bioethics developments that have an impact on individual and collective decision-making.
Propósito/ Contexto. Este artículo busca categorizar las teorías descritas en los estudios empíricos sobre los hombres transgénero, con el propósito de contribuir a los avances epistemológicos y metodológicos en bioética, mediante abordajes transdisciplinares.
Metodología/Enfoque. Se hace una revisión cualitativa de la literatura, de tipo narrativo, con objetivo y pregunta de investigación, búsqueda bibliográfica, recuperación de estudios, sistematización, selección, construcción de base de datos, análisis primario, evaluación y análisis por temas. La revisión abarca los estudios empíricos sobre los hombres transgénero que se encontraron en artículos publicados en revistas en PubMed, APA, DOAJ y SciELO, desde enero de 2010 a mayo de 2019, en español e inglés, y sin límite de diseño. Los artículos incluidos se clasificaron por tema emergente y por teoría, de acuerdo con el autor de la publicación.
Resultados. De 79 artículos, 46 tuvieron un enfoque cuantitativo, 25 cualitativo y 8 mixto. Las temáticas emergentes se refieren a la discriminación, la diversidad, la educación, la identidad, el mercadeo, la salud, lo social y la violencia. Hay ausencia de fundamentos teóricos en 83.5 % de las publicaciones, en el 15.2 % lo teórico se describe indirectamente y apenas en un 3.85 % las teorías se hacen explícitas, en particular en lo que se refiere a lo queer, al reconocimiento y a la identidad sexual y de género.
Discusión/Conclusión/Contribuciones. La producción empírica sobre los hombres transgénero carece de soporte teórico explícito, excepto en 3 artículos. Esto señala la necesidad de trabajar en desarrollos propios, desde la bioética, que impacten en la toma de decisiones individuales y colectivas.Objetivo / Contexto. Este artigo busca categorizar as teorias descritas nos estudos empíricos sobre os homens transgênero, a fim de contribuir para os avanços epistemológicos e metodológicos da bioética, por meio de abordagens transdisciplinares.
Metodologia/Abordagem. Foi feita uma revisão qualitativa da literatura, do tipo narrativa, com o objetivo e questão de pesquisa, levantamento bibliográfico, recuperação de estudos, sistematização, seleção, construção de banco de dados, análise primária, avaliação e análise por tópicos. A revisão abrange os estudos empíricos sobre homens transgênero que foram achados em artigos publicados em revistas em PubMed, APA, DOAJ e SciELO, de janeiro desde 2010 a maio de 2019, em espanhol e inglês, e sem limites de design. Os artigos incluídos foram classificados por tema emergente e por teoria, de acordo com o autor da publicação.
Resultados. Dos 79 artigos, 46 tiveram uma abordagem quantitativa, 25 qualitativa e 8 mistas. Os temas emergentes referem-se à discriminação, diversidade, a educação, a identidade, o marketing, a saúde, o social e a violência. Há ausência de fundamentação teórica em 83,5 % das publicações, no 15,2 % o teórico é descrito indiretamente e apenas num 3,85 % as teorias são feitas explicitadas, principalmente no que diz respeito ao queer, ao reconhecimento e à identidade sexual. e de gênero.
Discussão/Conclusão/Contribuições. A produção empírica sobre os homens transgênero carece de suporte teórico explícito, exceto em 3 artigos. Isso assinala a necessidade de trabalharmos em desenvolvimentos próprios, a partir da bioética, que impactem na tomada de decisões individuais e coletivas.
 
Estudi de les mutacions dels exons 2 i 4 del gen HFE en pacients amb porfiria cutània tarda esporàdica
No full text[cat] La Porfíria Cutània Tarda (PCT) és una malaltia metabòlica que afecta a la pell i al fetge i que és desencadenada per la interacció de múltiples factors que inclouen l´herència, l´alcohol, el VHC, els estrògens i alguns agents tòxics, entre d´altres encara en estudi. La sobrecàrrega fèrrica, de forma primària o secundària a d´altres factors de risc (com la infecció pel VHC), és un factor desencadenant de la PCT. En aquest contexte, considerem la hipòtesi de que la sobrecàrrega fèrrica observada en alguns pacients amb PCT pot estar associada amb les mutacions descrites en el gen de l´hemocromatosi (C282Y i H63D). Considerem d´interès també conèixer la interrelació entre la freqüència d'aquestes mutacions i els altres factors de risc, especialment el VHC, en el desencadenament de la malaltia en el nostre àmbit geogràfic.OBJECTIUS:1. Establir les prevalences de les mutacions C282Y i H63D del gen HFE en pacients amb PCT esporádica en el nostre ambient.2. Determinar la relació entre les mutacions del gen HFE en pacients amb PCT esporádica i la sobrecàrrega de ferro hepàtic. 3. Establir la relació entre la prevalença d'aquestes mutacions i la infecció pel VHC.MATERIAL I MÈTODES:S´han seleccionat de forma retrospectiva 99 pacients amb PCT i 126 controls (76 sans sense infecció per VHC i 50 individus amb infecció crònica per VHC). En els pacients amb PCT s´han recollit les següents variables: gènere, ingesta d´alcohol, presa d´anticonceptius, serologies per VHC, VHC i VIH. Els paràmetres se sobrecàrrega de ferro determinats en els pacients amb PCT han estat els següents: quantificació del ferro hepàtic (en 41 pacients) i la ferritina (en 71 pacients). S´ha estudiat la presència de les mutacions C282Y i H63D dels exons 4 i 2 respectivament del gen de l´hemocromatosi (HFE) mitjançant les següents tècniques:1-Extracció de l´ADN a partir de sang total i precipitació de l´ADN, 2-amplificació dels exons 2 i 4 i 3-digestió de l´ADN amb endonucleasses de restricció mitjançant tècnica de restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTATS:Hem observat un augment de la prevalença de la mutació C282Y en els pacients amb PCT en el nostre àmbit geogràfic. Aquest augment és independent de la infecció pel VHC. A més, la mutació C282 s´associa amb un augment del ferro hepàtic i de la ferritina. Per altra banda, no hem observat un augment de la mutació H63D en els pacients amb PCT, excepte en el genotipus en homozigosi. Sí hem observat una associació significativa amb la PCT quan es comparen els pacients infectats per VHC i els controls amb aquesta infecció. Per tant, la mutació H63D pot actuar de forma sinèrgica amb la infecció per VHC en la inducció de PCT. No hem observat tampoc una associació entre la mutació H63D i la sobrecàrrega de ferro. Les mutacions del gen HFE, en especial la mutació C282Y, poden estar relacionades amb la sobrecàrrega de ferro i per tant en el possible desenvolupament d´hepatopatia crònica i de carcinoma hepatocelular. Per altra banda, el tractament amb flebotomies pot ser l´idoni en els pacients amb sobrecàrrega de ferro. Per tant, l´anàlisi de les mutacions del gen HFE s´ha d´incloure de forma sistemàtica en els protocols d´estudi dels pacients amb PCT.[eng] Title: STUDY ON EXONS 2 AND 4 HFE GENE MUTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SPORADIC PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDAHYPOTHESIS: the iron overload frequently observed in patients with Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT) may be associated with the mutations that are usually found in the HFE gene in patients with hemochromatosis (C282Y and H63D mutations). These mutations may be independent of other risk factors of PCT, such as VHC infection and alcohol intake OBJECTIVES:1-To establish the prevalences of mutations C282Y and H63D of HFE gene in patients with sporadic PCT in our environment.2-To establish the relationship between the mutations in HFE gene in patients with sporadic PCT and iron overload.3-To establish the relationship between these mutations and VHC infectionDESIGN: Retrospective case-control study.SETTING: A large clinical and research institute for the study and treatment of cutaneous diseases in Barcelona, Spain.PATIENTS: Ninety-nine patients with PCT and one hundred and twenty six control patients (76 healthy subjects and 50 patients chronically infected with HCV), were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The frequency of the C282Y and H63D mutations in patients with PCT vs controls and the relationship of these mutations with HCV infection, and iron status, as judged by serum iron, liver iron and ferritin levels. RESULTS: C282Y mutation was significantly increased in PCT patients. This mutation was more frequent among non HCV-infected patients. Increased ferritin levels and hepatic iron overload were also observed in PCT patients with heterozygous C282Y state. H63D mutation was only significantly increased among PCT patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. No significant iron overload was observed in patients with H63D mutation.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the high frequency of C282Y mutation in patients with PCT and its relationship with iron overload. The C282Y mutation has a relevant role in Spanish patients with PCT non-associated with HCV chronic infection. On the other hand, the prevalence of the H63D mutation seems not to be increased in patients with PCT. The possibility of an association between HCV infection and H63D mutation in inducing PCT can be hypothesized
Summative Assessment Practices of Solomon Islands Year Nine Science Teachers
No full textThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the perceptions, experiences, and practices of six Solomon Islands secondary science teachers, based on the types of assessment they use in their science classrooms to serve a summative purpose. The study was divided into two parts. The first part involved a baseline study which explored the teachers’ existing summative assessment practices with the intent to understand how their views and knowledge of the summative assessments influenced their practices, and to identify their professional learning needs in creating assessment tools. The second part of the study involved a small-scale professional development intervention, which aimed to enhance the science teachers’ skills and confidence in summative assessment as well as to identify the factors that influenced teachers’ development and transfer of new assessment skills to their classroom practices in the Solomon Islands context.
The study adopted a qualitative-interpretive research approach and used methods of teacher interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis to generate data related to the teachers’ existing summative assessment practices, and the new or revised processes that they adopted as a result of the professional development intervention. Various analytical procedures including thematic analysis procedures and frameworks that researchers have used previously to study teachers’ classroom practices were employed to analyse the collected data.
The findings of the baseline study indicated that the science teachers employed summative assessments to compare students’ ability through grading and reported their students’ achievements to parents and students. The unit test is the dominant form of assessment used by teachers to assess year nine students’ learning, performance and achievements in science. Examinations are administered to students at the end of each school term. An analysis of the test and examination questions indicated that teachers focused on assessing mainly low cognitive skills. Teachers’ views indicated that neither they nor the school leaders have used student achievement results in the past or present time as a basis to review and evaluate their teaching practices or plan ways they might improve student achievement and school performance.
The science teachers generally expressed varying levels of satisfaction in their conduct of assessment activities but also perceived the need for professional support in certain areas of assessment such as construction of a test using a test blueprint, grading, analysis and interpretation of student assessment results. The study also identified a range of factors that influenced the six science teachers’ classroom-based summative assessment practices. Factors that tend to have impacted positively on their summative assessment practices include; their initial teacher education experiences, knowledge and beliefs about teaching, learning and assessment, and colleagues in the school. However, the teachers also reported certain contextual factors that impacted negatively on their assessment practices. These included institutional and extracurricular responsibilities, heavy teaching loads, large class size, lack of clear assessment policy guidelines, lack of exemplary assessment resources, and national examination pressures.
Findings of the impact of professional development intervention indicated that the teachers made small to moderate changes in their summative assessment practice. Their involvement in the group activities during the professional development workshop made them become more reflective on their assessment practices and also indicated that the professional development activities enhanced their knowledge about alternative assessment strategies, and increased their confidence in carrying out summative assessments in class. However, the existing contextual factors that were identified during the baseline study continued to impede their transfer of new assessment ideas and procedures into their classroom practices
Three-Dimensional Model of Muscle Fatigue in the Hamstrings: Mechanical and Biochemical Parameters
No full textEl estudio de la fatiga muscular es fundamental en el ámbito deportivo y clínico, para prevenir lesiones y mejorar el rendimiento, así como en la rehabilitación y la mejora de la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, sus causas no están del todo claras, así como sus efectos en la geometría muscular.
El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar una herramienta computacional capaz de correlacionar los aspectos mecánicos y químicos de la fatiga muscular, a partir de los músculos isquiotibiales. Se implementó un protocolo de fatiga muscular a seis hombres y seis mujeres no profesionalmente deportistas, mediante la realización de ejercicios isométricos. Durante el
estudio, se evaluaron los biomarcadores: creatina quinasa, creatinina y calcio, además de parámetros biomecánicos (fuerza muscular isométrica) y eléctricos (sEMG). A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se desarrolló un modelo fenomenológico capaz de replicar los hallazgos experimentales y generar la señal de entrada necesaria para un modelo tridimensional del músculo bíceps femoral. Este modelo permitió explorar cómo el ángulo de las fibras musculares influye en la fuerza muscular, lo que proporcionó una visualización detallada de su comportamiento tridimensional.
Finalmente, se implementó una interfaz en Matlab como laboratorio virtual capaz de simular diferentes escenarios de carga, reduciendo la necesidad de obtener muestras de sangre y realizar pruebas físicas. Los hallazgos de este estudio ofrecen valiosas perspectivas para comprender y abordar la fatiga muscular en contextos clínicos y deportivos, estableciendo las bases necesarias para la extrapolación de la investigación a muestras de sujetos más amplias.The study of muscle fatigue is essential in the sports and clinical field, to prevent injuries and improve performance, as well as in rehabilitation and improving quality of life. However, its causes are not entirely clear, as are its effects on muscle geometry.
The objective of this research is to develop a computational tool capable of correlating the mechanical and chemical aspects of muscle fatigue, based on the hamstring muscles. A muscle fatigue protocol was implemented in six men and six women who were not professional athletes, by performing isometric exercises. During the study, biomarkers were evaluated: creatine kinase, creatinine and calcium, in addition to biomechanical (isometric muscle strength)
and electrical (sEMG) parameters.
From the results obtained, a phenomenological model was developed capable of replicating the experimental findings and generating the necessary input signal for a three
dimensional model of the biceps femoris muscle. This model allowed us to explore how the
angle of muscle fibers influences muscle strength, providing a detailed visualization of its three
dimensional behavior.
Finally, an interface was implemented in Matlab as a virtual laboratory capable of simulating different loading scenarios, reducing the need to obtain blood samples and perform physical tests. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for understanding and addressing muscle fatigue in clinical and sporting contexts, it establishes the necessary bases for the extrapolation of the research to larger samples of subjects, thus strengthening the developed models.Universidad Militar Nueva GranadaTabla de Contenido
Resumen ................................................................................................................................3
Abstract ..................................................................................................................................4
Tabla de Contenido ................................................................................................................5
Introducción ..........................................................................................................................11
1.1 Justificación del proyecto ...............................................................................................13
1.2 Delimitación ...................................................................................................................14
1.3 Marco Teórico ...............................................................................................................15
1.3.1 Tejido muscular...................................................................................................15
1.3.2.1 Fibra I .................................................................................................................18
1.3.2.2 Fibras IIA ............................................................................................................19
1.3.2.3 Fibras IIB ............................................................................................................19
1.3.3.2 Contracción Excéntrica........................................................................................21
1.3.3.3 Contracción Isométrica ........................................................................................22
1.3.3.4 Contracción Isotónica ..........................................................................................22
1.3.4 Sistemas metabólicos musculares en el ejercicio ................................................22
1.3.4.1 Sistemas Anaeróbico Aláctico .............................................................................23
1.4 Antecedentes del Proyecto ............................................................................................26
1.5 Definición del Problema .................................................................................................31
1.6 Objetivos del proyecto ...................................................................................................33
1.6.1 Objetivo General .................................................................................................33
1.6.2 Objetivos específicos ..........................................................................................33
1.7 Descripción de la tesis ...................................................................................................35
Determinación Experimental de la Fatiga..............................................................................37
2.1.1 Participantes .......................................................................................................37
2.1.2 Protocolo Experimental .......................................................................................39
2.1.3 Parámetros Eléctricos .........................................................................................41
2.1.4 Parámetros Mecánicos ........................................................................................42
2.1.4.1 Indicie de Fatiga ..................................................................................................42
2.1.5 Parámetros Bioquímicos .....................................................................................43
2.1.5.1 Índice de Creatina Quinasa .................................................................................44
2.1.6 Procesamiento de los Datos ................................................................................44
2.1.7 Análisis Estadístico .............................................................................................45
2.1.8 Disponibilidad de los Datos .................................................................................45
1.9 Resultados .....................................................................................................................46
1.10 Discusión y Conclusiones ..............................................................................................51
Desarrollo del Modelo Fenomenológico ................................................................................57
2.2 Resultados .....................................................................................................................57
2.3 Discusión y Conclusiones ..............................................................................................59
Desarrollo del Modelo Tridimensional ...................................................................................61
3.1.1 Propiedades de material del músculo no lineal ....................................................61
3.1.2 Condiciones de Contorno ....................................................................................64
3.1.3 Mallado del Musculo ............................................................................................64
3.1.4 Parámetros del Material ......................................................................................65
3.2 Resultados .....................................................................................................................66
3.3 Discusión y Conclusiones ..............................................................................................68
Aplicaciones del Modelo .......................................................................................................70
4.1.1 Análisis Estadístico .............................................................................................70
4.2 Resultados .....................................................................................................................71
4.3 Discusión y Conclusiones ..............................................................................................75
Implementación Interfaz de Usuario ......................................................................................78
5.2 Resultados .....................................................................................................................79
5.3 Discusión y Conclusiones ..............................................................................................81
Conclusiones y Desarrollo Futuro .........................................................................................82
Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................85
Glosario ................................................................................................................................98PregradoO estudo da fadiga muscular é essencial no campo esportivo e clínico, para prevenir lesões e melhorar o desempenho, bem como na reabilitação e melhoria da qualidade de vida. No entanto, suas causas não são totalmente claras, assim como seus efeitos na geometria muscular. O objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver uma ferramenta computacional capaz de correlacionar os aspectos mecânicos e químicos da fadiga muscular, com base nos músculos isquiotibiais. Um protocolo de fadiga muscular foi implementado em seis homens e seis mulheres que não eram atletas profissionais, realizando exercícios isométricos. Durante o estudo, foram avaliados biomarcadores: creatina quinase, creatinina e cálcio, além de parâmetros biomecânicos (força muscular isométrica) e elétricos (sEMG).
A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi desenvolvido um modelo fenomenológico capaz de replicar os achados experimentais e gerar o sinal de entrada necessário para um modelo tridimensional do músculo bíceps femoral. Este modelo permitiu explorar como o ângulo das fibras musculares influencia a força muscular, proporcionando uma visualização detalhada de seu comportamento tridimensional.
Por fim, uma interface foi implementada no Matlab como um laboratório virtual capaz de simular diferentes cenários de carga, reduzindo a necessidade de obter amostras de sangue e realizar testes físicos. Os achados deste estudo oferecem insights valiosos para compreender e abordar a fadiga muscular em contextos clínicos e esportivos, estabelecendo as bases necessárias para a extrapolação da pesquisa para amostras maiores de sujeitos, fortalecendo assim os modelos desenvolvidos
The taxonomy and taphonomy in mio-pliocene and late middle pleistocene micromammals from the Cape west coast, South Africa
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.The study sites investigated in this thesis are situated along the southwest coast of South Africa in an area dominated by the sclerophyllous fynbos of the Strandveld and Sandveld, which supports a well-known micromammal (murid, soricid, macroscelid, bathyergid and chrysochlorid) fauna. This study presents the results of a taphonomic, taxonomic and palaeoecological study of micromammal assemblages from two palaeontological sites in the Saldanha Bay/Langebaanweg area on the west coast, in the western Cape Province, South Africa. The micromammalian populations of these two sites are compared both taxonomically, and taphonomically, with other fossil sites on the west coast dating to the Terminal Pleistocene and Holocene. The older of the two sites is 'E' Quarry at Langebaanweg. a disused phosphate mine, which is the only site in the western Cape Province representing the Mio-Pliocene, a slice of time when modem micromammal genera were emerging. The second site investigated in this thesis is the late Middle Pleistocene site of Hoedjiespunt 1, which fills a significant gap in the continuum of micromammal evolution in the western Cape. This site contained faunal remains accumulated by a brown hyaena (Hyaena brunnea), and micromammal bones and teeth were recovered from the same sediments. The Hoedjiespunt 1 micromammal assemblages have added to the information available on the past distribution of several species in the Saldanha area, and have confirmed the presence of several endemic species in the west coast area during the late Middle Pleistocene. A comparison between the other west coast fossil sites and Hoedjiespunt 1 indicates that conditions on the west coast in the late Middle Pleistocene were relatively more arid. The micromammals from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry indicate that fynbos microhabitats were well established during the Mia-Pliocene on the west coast. Both the fynbos, and most of the micro mammal genera present at LBW, have families resident in the west coast area today. The micromammal assemblages from Langebaanweg indicate that the general micromammal population in the area remained relatively unchanged during the period of deposition of the two main fossil-bearing members of the Varswater Formation. There is no compelling evidence to suggest that any marked climatic or environmental change took place during this period
