1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
What has been achieved so far in the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration
No full textStarosna makularna degeneracija je jedan od vodećih uzroka ireverzibilnog smanjenja centralne vidne oštrine kod starije populacije. Ovisno o prisutnosti koroidalnih neovaskularizacija, dijeli se na suhu i vlažnu starosnu makularnu degeneraciju. Nekoliko je procesa uključeno u patogenezu ove bolesti, od čega su najznačajniji oksidacijski stres, nakupljanje toksičnih nusprodukata vidnog ciklusa, kronična upala (djelovanje sustava komplementa), insuficijencija koriokapilarisa i genetski čimbenici. Ti procesi predstavljaju potencijalne mete za djelovanje lijekova. Pojava terapije protiv vaskularnog endotelnog čimbenika rasta (anti-VEGF) revolucionirala je liječenje vlažne starosne makularne degeneracije. Međutim, dosad nijedna terapija nije potvrđena i odobrena za liječenje suhe starosne makularne degeneracije. S obzirom na nedostatak terapijskih opcija, provedba preventivnih strategija je nužno potrebna. Djelovanjem na okolišne čimbenike kao što su pušenje i prehrana moguće je usporiti progresiju bolesti. Terapijske opcije koje su podvrgnute kliničkim istraživanjima su modulatori vidnog ciklusa, protuupalni lijekovi i inhibitori sustava komplementa, smanjenje toksičnih nusprodukata, antioksidansi, neuroprotektivni lijekovi, pojačanje koroidalne perfuzije, pojačivači mitohondrija, genska terapija, terapija matičnim stanicama, laserska terapija i fotobiomodulacija. Dosad su se u kliničkim istraživanjima najviše iskazali lijekovi koji inhibiraju sustav komplementa (avacincaptad pegol i pegctacoplan). Svrha ovog rada je prikazati podatke novijih dovršenih i tekućih kliničkih istraživanja vezanih uz prevenciju i terapiju suhe starosne makularne degeneracije.Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of irreversible reduction of central visual acuity in the elderly population. Depending on the presence of choroidal neovascularization, it is divided into dry and wet age-related macular degeneration. Several processes are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, the most important of which are oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic byproducts of the visual cycle, chronic inflammation (action of the complement system), choriocapillaris insufficiency and genetic factors. These processes are potential targets for drug action. The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. However, so far no therapy has been validated and approved for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration. Given the lack of therapeutic options, the implementation of preventive strategies is necessary. By acting on environmental factors such as smoking and diet, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease. Therapeutic options undergoing clinical trials are visual cycle modulators, anti-inflammatory drugs and complement pathway inhibitors, reduction of toxic byproducts, antioxidants, neuroprotective agents, enhancement of choroidal perfusion, mitochondrial enhancers, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy and photobiomodulation. So far, drugs that inhibit the complement pathway (avacincaptad pegol and pegctacoplan), have proven to be the most effective in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to present the data of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials related to the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration
What has been achieved so far in the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration
No full textStarosna makularna degeneracija je jedan od vodećih uzroka ireverzibilnog smanjenja centralne vidne oštrine kod starije populacije. Ovisno o prisutnosti koroidalnih neovaskularizacija, dijeli se na suhu i vlažnu starosnu makularnu degeneraciju. Nekoliko je procesa uključeno u patogenezu ove bolesti, od čega su najznačajniji oksidacijski stres, nakupljanje toksičnih nusprodukata vidnog ciklusa, kronična upala (djelovanje sustava komplementa), insuficijencija koriokapilarisa i genetski čimbenici. Ti procesi predstavljaju potencijalne mete za djelovanje lijekova. Pojava terapije protiv vaskularnog endotelnog čimbenika rasta (anti-VEGF) revolucionirala je liječenje vlažne starosne makularne degeneracije. Međutim, dosad nijedna terapija nije potvrđena i odobrena za liječenje suhe starosne makularne degeneracije. S obzirom na nedostatak terapijskih opcija, provedba preventivnih strategija je nužno potrebna. Djelovanjem na okolišne čimbenike kao što su pušenje i prehrana moguće je usporiti progresiju bolesti. Terapijske opcije koje su podvrgnute kliničkim istraživanjima su modulatori vidnog ciklusa, protuupalni lijekovi i inhibitori sustava komplementa, smanjenje toksičnih nusprodukata, antioksidansi, neuroprotektivni lijekovi, pojačanje koroidalne perfuzije, pojačivači mitohondrija, genska terapija, terapija matičnim stanicama, laserska terapija i fotobiomodulacija. Dosad su se u kliničkim istraživanjima najviše iskazali lijekovi koji inhibiraju sustav komplementa (avacincaptad pegol i pegctacoplan). Svrha ovog rada je prikazati podatke novijih dovršenih i tekućih kliničkih istraživanja vezanih uz prevenciju i terapiju suhe starosne makularne degeneracije.Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of irreversible reduction of central visual acuity in the elderly population. Depending on the presence of choroidal neovascularization, it is divided into dry and wet age-related macular degeneration. Several processes are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, the most important of which are oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic byproducts of the visual cycle, chronic inflammation (action of the complement system), choriocapillaris insufficiency and genetic factors. These processes are potential targets for drug action. The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. However, so far no therapy has been validated and approved for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration. Given the lack of therapeutic options, the implementation of preventive strategies is necessary. By acting on environmental factors such as smoking and diet, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease. Therapeutic options undergoing clinical trials are visual cycle modulators, anti-inflammatory drugs and complement pathway inhibitors, reduction of toxic byproducts, antioxidants, neuroprotective agents, enhancement of choroidal perfusion, mitochondrial enhancers, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy and photobiomodulation. So far, drugs that inhibit the complement pathway (avacincaptad pegol and pegctacoplan), have proven to be the most effective in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to present the data of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials related to the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration
What has been achieved so far in the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration
No full textStarosna makularna degeneracija je jedan od vodećih uzroka ireverzibilnog smanjenja centralne vidne oštrine kod starije populacije. Ovisno o prisutnosti koroidalnih neovaskularizacija, dijeli se na suhu i vlažnu starosnu makularnu degeneraciju. Nekoliko je procesa uključeno u patogenezu ove bolesti, od čega su najznačajniji oksidacijski stres, nakupljanje toksičnih nusprodukata vidnog ciklusa, kronična upala (djelovanje sustava komplementa), insuficijencija koriokapilarisa i genetski čimbenici. Ti procesi predstavljaju potencijalne mete za djelovanje lijekova. Pojava terapije protiv vaskularnog endotelnog čimbenika rasta (anti-VEGF) revolucionirala je liječenje vlažne starosne makularne degeneracije. Međutim, dosad nijedna terapija nije potvrđena i odobrena za liječenje suhe starosne makularne degeneracije. S obzirom na nedostatak terapijskih opcija, provedba preventivnih strategija je nužno potrebna. Djelovanjem na okolišne čimbenike kao što su pušenje i prehrana moguće je usporiti progresiju bolesti. Terapijske opcije koje su podvrgnute kliničkim istraživanjima su modulatori vidnog ciklusa, protuupalni lijekovi i inhibitori sustava komplementa, smanjenje toksičnih nusprodukata, antioksidansi, neuroprotektivni lijekovi, pojačanje koroidalne perfuzije, pojačivači mitohondrija, genska terapija, terapija matičnim stanicama, laserska terapija i fotobiomodulacija. Dosad su se u kliničkim istraživanjima najviše iskazali lijekovi koji inhibiraju sustav komplementa (avacincaptad pegol i pegctacoplan). Svrha ovog rada je prikazati podatke novijih dovršenih i tekućih kliničkih istraživanja vezanih uz prevenciju i terapiju suhe starosne makularne degeneracije.Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of irreversible reduction of central visual acuity in the elderly population. Depending on the presence of choroidal neovascularization, it is divided into dry and wet age-related macular degeneration. Several processes are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, the most important of which are oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic byproducts of the visual cycle, chronic inflammation (action of the complement system), choriocapillaris insufficiency and genetic factors. These processes are potential targets for drug action. The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. However, so far no therapy has been validated and approved for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration. Given the lack of therapeutic options, the implementation of preventive strategies is necessary. By acting on environmental factors such as smoking and diet, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease. Therapeutic options undergoing clinical trials are visual cycle modulators, anti-inflammatory drugs and complement pathway inhibitors, reduction of toxic byproducts, antioxidants, neuroprotective agents, enhancement of choroidal perfusion, mitochondrial enhancers, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy and photobiomodulation. So far, drugs that inhibit the complement pathway (avacincaptad pegol and pegctacoplan), have proven to be the most effective in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to present the data of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials related to the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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