1,721,026 research outputs found
The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights : foundations and implementation
No full textThe book looks at corporate voluntarism from a socio-legal perspective and places CSR in a regulatory context. The responsible practices of leading businesses have a role in the rule-making process by clarifying general, flexible concepts such as ‘due diligence’, ‘reasonability’, ‘foreseeability’ which all have a bearing on findings of corporate ‘negligence’. Procedural regulations seeking to encourage the adoption of sound procedures can coexist with a managerial sense of social responsibility and with the regulatory potential of various private actors to move companies towards compliance. The study thus challenges the widespread dichotomy between law and CSR. Besides showing the complementarity between corporate voluntarism and public policy there is a practical necessity for ‘scaling-up’ CSR. The impact of corporate voluntarism can be enhanced by states recognising their own role in the institutionalisation of the emerging CSR regime. The study identifies a multitude of nodal points that states can stimulate through a wide range of regulatory options starting with capacity-building measures to policy pronouncements to hard law
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Regulating transnational corporations at the United Nations – the negotiations of a treaty on business and human rights
No full textThe United Nations is the arena for a renewed push to regulate transnational corporations (TNCs) and their supply chains. This article analyses the ongoing efforts of a multilateral organization to strengthen the human rights legal framework, especially the design choices posed by the treaty negotiations as well as the role of the UN Human Rights Council in the broader regulatory ecosystem around TNCs. Is there complementarity or conflict among on-going initiatives to regulate TNCs? Is there continuity or fracture in the successive waves of UN attempts to legalize TNC responsibilities? The analytical lenses are human rights due diligence with an emphasis on root causes, which is a gateway for exploring more systemic interventions. Thus, deeper causes of harm identifiable in global supply chains operations are identified and systematically compared to see how public and private norm-setters take them into account or downplay them. For this purpose, the article draws on treaty drafts and reports from the UN Intergovernmental Working Group and materials from four other areas: responsible business conduct, due diligence laws, the UN Guiding Principles, and the UN’s earlier efforts at TNC regulation
The United Nations Draft Treaty on Business and Human Rights: an analysis of its emergence, development and potential
No full textThe process to elaborate a legally binding instrument on Business and Human Rights started in 2014. The stated ambition animating UN process is to deliver a broad-spectrum treaty that significantly increases remediation for victims. However the treaty has polarized opinion from the very beginning. To come closer to genuine points of disagreement and possible paths forward, this chapter explains and contextualizes the treaty process by unpacking the notion of ‘governance gaps’. The analysis identifies the multiple purposes pursued through this treaty that correspond to twelve governance gaps. Furthermore, several potential models and treaty precedents are discussed to draw attention to noteworthy regulatory dynamics. Drawing on documents generated through the negotiation process – especially treaty drafts and annual reports – and related academic commentary, the chapter invites reflection on the question: will the UN be able to deliver a viable treaty meeting its stated aspirations
Corporate transparency regulations: a hollow victory?
No full textThe article examines reporting laws to determine if and how these laws shape corporate conduct and protect human rights. Since 2010 a wave of laws with extraterritorial effects has appeared as home states of multinationals began to mandate social disclosures. However, opinions as to their importance differ and some wonder whether these transparency laws are ‘a hollow victory’. What is the evidence regarding the effectiveness of these laws? If they work, what are the exact pathways for change? The laws selected for analysis cover corporate sustainability, slavery, conflict minerals, revenue transparency, and corporate governance. To assess the impacts and potential of these laws, the article distinguishes between dynamics that are internal and external to the corporation, and between direct and more remote effects. Drawing on the evidence surrounding these transparency laws, their place in the regulatory regime for global value chains as well as the functions this regulatory method fulfils in relation to human rights are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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