265 research outputs found
Correction: Governance of social innovation in forestry (Sustainability, (2020) 12, 3, 10.3390/su12031065)
No full text(1) Replacing the email of the fifth author Wilding Maria [email protected] with [email protected] (2) Deleting two sentences in the second paragraph of Section 4. “Results” on page 6. The deleted part reads as follows: In the Spanish case, a group of forest owners started to organize themselves into groups to better fight forest fires as there was no effective public infrastructure available to address this need. This activity is particularly novel as it introduced a type of bargaining system, namely that individuals would engage in the often dangerous activity of fighting a fire on somebody else’s property based on the trust that if the same event occurs their own land, others would reciprocate. (3) Deleting two sentences in Section 4.3 “Austria’s “Nature Park Specialities” Association” on page 7. The deleted part reads as follows: • In the Spanish case, spontaneous self-organisation took place because of a pressing need and this led to further formalisation and institutionalisation. • In the Spanish case, it is the backbone of the entire endeavour as all firefighters are volunteers and funds are used purely for purchasing equipment such as protective clothing, specialized vehicles and the maintenance of these two things. (4) Deleting the Section 4.4 “Forest Fire Volunteer Groups in Spain” in page 8. The deleted part reads as follows: Fighting forest fires is carried out by local forest owners in parts of Catalonia in Spain [47] who organised during the 1990s and formed an association as forest fire defence groups. The need for this was that there was no effective public infrastructure to defend from forest fires. The arrangement is based on trust: Each forest owner helps in combating the wildfire for other forest owners whilst knowing that these will do the same for his/her land. Such cooperation functions best under the condition that the forest owners know each other in person have regular contact and good relationships in the area. Yet, the activity is highly dangerous, and this requires extra personal will and investments. With the time, the group they managed to reach recognition by local policymakers and new legislation was introduced for their legalisation and public support, the Catalan law regulating the “regulació d’Agrupacions de Defensa Forestal” [50]. This regulation provides the wild fire volunteers with equipment such as garments or cars for the activity. Their example led to positive changes in the Catalonian regional regulation in support of this type of organisation. (5) Deleting one sentence in Section 5 “Discussion: Governance of Social Innovation in Forestry” on the paragraph of (iii) Distinct policy features on page 10 i. The deleted part reads as follows: In the Spanish case, it was clearly the new regional regulation that provided an institutional framework whilst simultaneously leading to recognition and some funding possibilities for the Forest Fire Volunteer groups. (6) Replacing word “four” with the word “three” throughout paper related to three examples (case studies). In the abstract, word “four” was replaced by word “three” in the following two sentences: • To answer this question, we first identified three very different cases across Europe that are compatible with the criteria of social innovation. • In the cases considered, it is evident that the sheer determination and voluntary investment of time and effort by key individuals, who were convinced of the value of the idea for the community, provided indispensable impetus to all three social innovations. On page 2, word “four” was replaced by word “three” in the following two sentences: • The foregoing led us to the decision to study three cases of social innovation in three very different rural areas across Europe. • The subsequent results section will draw its findings from a comparison of the three cases by analysing their differences and commonalities before finally discussing their nature from the perspective of their deductively derived criteria for social innovation: community activities, triggers, internal organisation, financing and support. On page 4, word “four” was replaced by word “three” in the following three sentences: • From this pool of eleven cases, we identified the three best suited to our research question and that show the diversity of social innovation across forest activities and across European regions. • All three cases formed cooperative associations with strong involvement from civil society and produced collective benefits within the forest sector, thus featuring prominently governance aspects. • Furthermore, these three cases feature geographically distinct regions in Europe and also different products and activities, illustrating variety of institutional and natural conditions for developing social innovations. On page 6, word “four” was replaced by word “three” in the following sentence: • Moreover, all three cases characterise involvement of several actors and institutions that are supported by associations. Finally, one of them actively involves socially vulnerable groups in their training and skills development programme (UK). On page 10, word “four” was replaced by word “three” in the following three sentences: • In all three cases, being able to secure volunteers to work is one of the most important features. • Volunteer work was especially important during the founding phase in all three cases, and it still has an indispensable role in the UK case. • In particular, we have observed in the three considered cases from the forest sector (i) strong agency, (ii) creative and novel related impacts on their social innovation endeavours [8,9,19,23,25]. (7) To clearly indicate that the research included three instead of four cases, the authors wish to remove some sentences: Replacing the original version in page 4 in Section 3.1: Our cases include a “Charcoal Land Initiative” in Litija, Slovenia (SI), a community forestry enterprise in Wales (UK), the “Nature Park Specialities” association in the Austrian region of Styria (AT) and “volunteer wildfire groups” in Catalonia (ES). with Our cases include a “Charcoal Land Initiative” in Litija, Slovenia (SI), a community forestry enterprise in Wales (UK) and the “Nature Park Specialities” association in the Austrian region of Styria (AT). Replacing the original version in page 4 in Section 3.2: 1) between July and December 2014—in the frame of the STARTREE project, this refers to the Welsh and the Austrian case, and 2) between July and December 2018—in the frame of the SIMRA project for the Spanish and the Slovenian case. with 1) between July and December 2014—in the frame of the STARTREE project, this refers to the Welsh and the Austrian case, and 2) between July and December 2018—in the frame of the SIMRA project for the Slovenian case. Replacing the original version on page 5 in Section 3.2: In the Spanish case, apart from semi-structured interviews related to innovation process itself, great understanding of the case conditions was provided in the already published material from SIMRA project (including authors of this paper) [33,34,39–41]. with Apart from semi-structured interviews related to innovation process itself, great understanding of the case conditions was provided in the already published material from SIMRA project (including authors of this paper) [33,34,39–41]. Replacing the original version on page 6 in Section 4: In result, our selection conforms to the scholarly standards for innovativeness [10] because the cases either introduce a new idea for a historical, traditional product (Slovenia) or commercialise a good or service in a new way that is unique for the sector and the region (UK, Austria and Spain) [45] (p. 11) [46] (p. 5). with In result, our selection conforms to the scholarly standards for innovativeness [10] because the cases either introduce a new idea for a historical, traditional product (Slovenia) or commercialise a good or service in a new way that is unique for the sector and the region (UK, Austria) [45] (p. 11) [46] (p. 5). Replacing the original version on page 8 in Section 4.3 (after Table 1): It is important to note that all activities take place in localised areas where economic conditions are poor and local communities are suffering the aftermath of deteriorating or collapsed industrial production (AT, SI), are engaged in farming and forest management under increasingly difficult climatic conditions (ES), as well as often facing high rates of land abandonment, unemployment (ES, SI, UK), and/or an ageing local population (AT). with It is important to note that all activities take place in localised areas where economic conditions are poor and local communities are suffering the aftermath of deteriorating or collapsed industrial production (AT, SI), are engaged in farming and forest management under increasingly difficult climatic conditions (AT), as well as often facing high rates of land abandonment, unemployment (SI, UK), and/or an ageing local population (AT). Replacing the original version on page 8 in Section 4.3 (after Table 1): The cases we examined were sustainable or even flourished because of the continuous eorts of a range of various associations (UK), consulting firms (AT) and public administrations (SI, ES) (Table 1, above). with The cases we examined were sustainable or even flourished because of the continuous efforts of a range of various associations (UK), consulting firms (AT) and public administrations (SI) (Table 1, above). Replacing the original version on page 10 in Section 4.3: The initial ideas originated from specific individuals (innovators) who had the will to turn their ideas into reality. Some were subsequently supported either by a consulting agency (such as the ÖAR in Austria), by regular funding (TECT funding in the UK case), by a regulative policy instrument that provided a legal base for the activities and the opportunities to receive further developmental funding (the Spanish case). with The initial ideas originated from specific individuals (innovators) who had the will to turn their ideas into reality. Some were subsequently supported either by a consulting agency (such as the ÖAR in Austria) or by regular funding (TECT funding in the UK case). Replacing the original version on page 11 in Section 5 (i) Cooperation and collective action: The relationships that develop are, at least initially, largely based on trust and in the Spanish case, trust has proven to be enduring and decisive factor that provides ongoing impetus to the dangerous activity of fighting forest fires. with The relationships that develop are, at least initially, largely based on trust. (8) Replacing Figure 1: (Figure Presented) with (Figure Presented) (9) Replacing Table 1: (Table Presented) with (TablePresented) The authors and the Editorial Offce would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers by these changes. The changes do not affect the scientific results of the original paper [1]. The manuscript will be updated, and the original will remain online on the article webpage
Correction: Ludvig, A.; et al. Governance of Social Innovation in Forestry. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1065
No full textReplacing the email of the fifth author Wilding Maria [...
The cadaver dog: phenotypical analysis of behaviour
No full textIntroduction:
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the behavioural patterns in working cadaver dogs.
Materials and methods:
7 specifically trained dogs (6 Labrador Retrievers; 1 Italian Wolfdog) for human remains search
(HRS) activity were singularly video-recorded during 21 HRS tests in standardied conditions (3
sessions). 3 different odorous samples were used (decomposing teeth, decomposing soft-tissues,
decomposing blood). Frequency(N) and lasting (s) of the scanned behaviours were calculated. Dog
posture and handler behaviour were considered to verify handler dog interaction and response. An
anamnestic-behavioural report was filled for each dog. SAS ® statistic package was applied to data
analysis: MEAN and NPAR1WAY procedure were applied; the analysis of variance was carried out
using a Kruscal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Dogs sex and breed, Odorous sample, wind speed and
direction and test order were considered sources of variance.
Results:
The obtained results list an objective sequence of naturally expressed quantitative behaviours during
HRS activity. A strong influence of genetics on trained dogs was recorded, thus breed and sex
showed the most significant effect on dogs HRS behaviours.
Discussion:
Objective studies of breed and sex specific behaviours in HRS, such as the preliminary one we are
presenting, could improve training success and limit training costs and results variability.
Furthermore the constant measurements of environmental and atmospheric variables should become
a common practice before every HRS activity.
According to our results; the handlers could be able to modify through the comprehension of dog’s
behaviour a better way to carry on the HRS
An overview of the ATLAS High Level Trigger Dataflow and Supervision.
No full textThe ATLAS high-level trigger (HLT) system provides software-based event selection after the initial LVL1 hardware trigger. It is composed of two stages, the LVL2 trigger and the event filter (EF). The LVL2 trigger performs event selection with optimized algorithms using selected data guided by Region of Interest pointers provided by the LVL1 trigger. Those events selected by LVL2 are built into complete events, which are passed to the EF for a further stage of event selection and classification using off-line algorithms. Events surviving the EF selection are passed for off-line storage. The two stages of HLT are implemented on processor farms. The concept of distributing the selection process between LVL2 and EF is a key element in the architecture, which allows it to be flexible to changes (luminosity, detector knowledge, background conditions, etc.) Although there are some differences in the requirements between these subsystems there are many commonalities. An overview of the dataflow (event selection) and supervision (control, configuration, monitoring) activities in the HLT is given, highlighting where commonalities between the two subsystems can be exploited and indicating where requirements dictate that implementations differ. An HLT prototype system has been built at CERN. Functional testing is being carried out in order to validate the HLT architecture
Governance of Social Innovation in Forestry
No full textOver the last decade, the term social innovation has received increased attention as a potential solution to address complex global social problems and to add collective values to society. The forest sector has great potential for fostering employment, community development and reducing increased emigration from rural to urban areas. This potential is not always realised, especially in economically weak and remote rural areas. Hence, this paper tackles the question of how social innovations in forestry are able to succeed under adverse circumstances and contribute to respond to some of the before mentioned challenges? To answer this question, we first identified four very different cases across Europe that are compatible with the criteria of social innovation. Proceeding from this starting point, comparative research was undertaken with the aim to identify the cases´ specific features and key criteria for success. In the cases considered, it is evident that the sheer determination and voluntary investment of time and effort by key individuals, who were convinced of the value of the idea for the community, provided indispensable impetus to all four social innovations. In drawing its conclusions, this paper highlights the principal areas that need consideration and that hence have implications when developing supportive policies. Furthermore, we provide some insight into future research topics that would allow us to better understand the positive impacts of social innovation in the forest-based sector
Effect Handler Oriented Programming for Data Processing Applications
No full textEffect handler oriented programming or EHOP for short, is a new programming paradigm aiming to achieve separation of concerns in code which will lead to modular, readable and maintainable code. Since EHOP is significantly new, it is important to assess and compare it against traditional, commonly used paradigms in order to see if a wider adoption of EHOP would prove beneficial to computer science. In this research, EHOP was compared with traditional paradigms under the context of data processing applications. An Excel-like command line application called “MiniExcel” was implemented from scratch. Moreover, “Hierarchical EHOP”, a new structural pattern for EHOP was defined which enforces rules between concepts and produces a readable code structure. The main conclusions of this research can be summarized by the following statements. EHOP produces more modular, readable and maintainable code compared to traditional paradigms. Implementing additional concepts and updates to code is seamless using EHOP, yet the lack of development in EHOP’s ecosystem raises frustrating errors and requires the developer to implement libraries that are usually built-in for languages that support traditional paradigms. Functional programming produces faster running code, but EHOP is more memory efficient. Therefore, for applications that interact with users EHOP is the better choice and for applications that only execute code functional programming is more suitable.https://github.com/alibasaran/EHOP-Excel/ The codebase containing the implemented application as well as scripts that were used in programming paradigm analysis.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Performative Metafiction: Lemony Snicket, Daniel Handler and The End of <i>A Series of Unfortunate Events</i>
No full textIn "Performative Metafiction: Lemony Snicket, Daniel Handler, and The End of A Series of Unfortunate Events," Sara Austin looks at the metafictional aspect of Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, with particular emphasis on the series' final volume, The End. She explores the occasional uneasy relationship between the series narrator and "author," Lemony Snicket, and the actual author, Daniel Handler. Handler's entirely pseudonymous role in the publishing process creates a tension within the series' narrative authority, raising issues that, often, adults do not trust children to understand. The popularity of the series, particularly in the United States, belies assumptions that children will neither understand nor enjoy books that raise more questions about the plot and characters than they answer, or that utterly fail to offer the "happily-ever-after" convention that so dominates the worlds of children's publishing
A sequential approach to truck and internal transport scheduling in a ground handler terminal: A case study
No full textThis study investigates the problem of prioritising trucks at the export area of the KLM Cargo ground handler terminal while maintaining a continuous operation in the unloading area. Due to the uncoordinated nature of truck arrivals and space limitations at the ground handler, substantial waiting times may arise whentrucks arrive simultaneously. This study proposes a sequential approach to solve this problem. First, trucks arrive over time and are scheduled for unloading at doors that can accommodate their cargo type, while some trucks must visit multiple doors. The truck scheduling model utilises a hierarchical objective with the main aim of minimising the number of airway bills missing their outbound flight. Next, the truck’s inbound cargo is grouped into batches and scheduled for transport to their next destination inside the warehouse, while placing an upper bound on the batches queued for transport. The second model aims to minimise the time a batch is queued. This study proposes three mathematical formulations, two for truck scheduling and one for internal transport operations. They are evaluated and compared considering computational time, time tobest, and optimality gap as key performance indicators. Internal transport operations have also been tackled when solving larger instances by utilising a rule-based heuristic to evaluate different prioritisation techniques and reduce computational effort. Finally, a scoring heuristic has also been developed to potentially replace or support the truck scheduling mathematical model, as this is a goal of KLM Cargo to handle trucks in quasi-real time. A parameter tuning of such heuristic has been carried out and its performance against the benchmarking mathematical model has been assessed. It is found that the dynamic scoring heuristic can reduce the number of late airway bills by up to 74 against current operations. Moreover, it is found that by utilising different prioritisation mechanisms, the time batches are queued for transport can be reduced by at least 10 percent.Aerospace Engineerin
Redesign of the Centring Unit in the Wafer Handler
No full textBackgroundOne of VDL most complex products is the Wafer Handler a machine with the function of thermal conditioning, centering and aligning wafers for the subsequent photolithography processes. The function of centering a wafer is performed by a submodule of the WH, the Centring Unit (cu) Currently the CU has two main limitations which make it unfit for the next generation WH, it is dependent on the subfunction of an otherwise redundant module, and its performance it not optimal. The goal of the research is to develop a future-proof solution for the CU, which is compatible with the next generation WH. The specific objectives of the research are threefold: 1) to develop and identify innovative concept directions for the CU which address its current issues and provide better overall performance, 2) to select the most promising concept for detailed development and 3) to prove the feasibility of the most promising concept.MethodFirst the origin of the problem of the CU was analysed to identify the functional requirements and design criteria for concept development. Subsequently, a long list of concept directions was developed and a selection was made to identify the best concept to perform the function of the CU. This concept was experimentally validated to demonstrate the feasibility of the selected concept. ResultsThe concept design and selection phases resulted in the development of 6 acceptable concepts of which two concepts were selected for further development. Of these two concepts, the Photo Measurement System was selected as the best concept to perform the function of the CU. The PMS is a measurement system that measures the position error of a wafer when it enters the WH, this enables the subsequent modules to correct the position error. The feasibility of the PMS has been proven via experimental validation, as the measurement uncertainty (38.1 µm) falls within the defined requirement for uncertainty (functional requirement of the position measurement is 55µm).ConclusionIn this study an innovative concept has been developed to perform the function of CU in next generation WH. The PMS allows the subsequent module to the CU to correct the position error of an incoming wafer, making the current CU redundant. This research allows for future-proof centering in the next generation WH.<br/
Recreational Sheep Herding with Dogs: Relationships and Communication between Handler, Dog and Flock of Sheep
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava medvrstne odnose in komunikacijo v kontekstu rekreativnega zganjanja ovc s psi. Skozi antropološki diskurz interpretacije domestikacije in njenega vpliva na vpletene akterje avtorica skuša razumeti proces domestikacije živali, pri čemer se osredotoča na udomačitev psa in ovc. Proces selekcije predstavi na primeru razvoja pasme škotskega mejnega ovčarja, ki je, poleg vodnika in ovc, ključni element oblikovanja odnosov in komunikacijskih tehnik znotraj medvrstne dinamike zganjanja ovc s psi. Avtorica skozi avtoetnografsko metodo raziskovanja in antropološko kontekstualizacijo interpretira hibridne oblike odnosov med vodnikom, psom in čredo ovc, ki se oblikujejo v kontekstu preživljanja prostega časa. Podrobna analiza medvrstne komunikacije pri zganjanju ovc s psi, obravnava načine produkcije in reprodukcije znanja vodnikov, vplive okolja na uspešnost medvrstnega sodelovanja in načine sporazumevanja med vodnikom, psom in ovcami, ki so deljeni na telesno, glasovno in zvočno komunikacijo.The thesis focuses on interspecies relations and communication in the context of recreational sheep herding with dogs. Through the anthropological discourse of the interpretation of domestication and its impact on the actors involved, the author tries to understand the process of animal domestication, focusing on the domestication of dogs and sheep. The selection process of domestication is presented through the example of the development of the border collie breed, which, alongside the handler and the sheep, is a key element in the formation of relationships and communication techniques within the interspecies dynamics of sheepherding. Through the autoethnographic method of research and anthropological contextualization, the author interprets the hybrid forms of relations between the handler, the dog and the flock of sheep, which are formed in the context of leisure activity. A detailed analysis of interspecies communication in herding sheep with dogs, discusses the methods of production and reproduction of handler’s knowledge, the effects of the environment on the success of interspecies cooperation, and the methods of communication between the handler, the dog and the sheep, which are divided into physical, voice and sound communication
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