1,721,022 research outputs found
La gestione personalizzata del paziente con malattia neurodegenerativa: dai sensori indossabili, alla valutazione online e al training cognitivo a domicilio
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Circadian Rhythms and Attentional Dysfunction in type1 Narcolepsy
No full textThe aim of this investigation was to explore the nature and the severity of circadian abnormalities and attentional deficit in type 1 narcolepsy. In three studies, narcolepsy patients were compared with patients suffering from other central disorders of hypersomnolence and healthy controls on attentional functions and circadian rhythms. Study 1 evaluated the sensibility of actigraphic monitoring in distinguishing the features of daytime and nighttime sleep between adult patients with type 1 Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and healthy controls. Actigraphy provides a reliable assessment of sleep quality and daytime napping behavior able to distinguish central disorders of hypersomnolence and identify Narcolepsy Type 1 patients.
Study 2 describes the features of circadian activity rhythm of narcolepsy type 1 children with recent disease onset. Type 1 narcolepsy children and healthy children were monitored for seven days during the school week, circadian activity rhythms were analyzed through functional linear modeling. Children with type 1 narcolepsy present an altered rest-activity rhythm characterized by enhanced motor activity throughout the night and blunted activity in the first afternoon. The observation of a discrete circadian profile provides new insight on the nature of diurnal variations and suggested that the quantitative assessment of motor activity is a promising behavioral biomarker of Type 1 narcolepsy.
The aim of Study 3 was to explore the nature and the severity of attentional Deficits of Narcoleptic patients. This study examined whether narcoleptic patients would exhibit impairments in alerting, orienting, and executive control of attention relative to healthy controls. Narcoleptic patients present a deficit in alerting network, while orienting and executive control networks resulted preserved. Moreover the alerting network efficiency significantly correlate with levels of subjective sleepiness. Results indicates that in narcolepsy the unstable tonic component of alerting process make necessary monitoring and compensation strategies
Pre-Race Sleep Management Strategy and Chronotype of Offshore Solo Sailors
Full text linkPurpose: To evaluate chronotype and the sleep management strategy adopted by sailors
before the offshore solo sailing race “Mini Transat La Boulangère”. As secondary aim, we
assessed whether adopting pre-race sleep management strategy influences performance at
race.
Materials and Methods: Forty-two solo sailors completed questionnaires on sleep quality,
sleepiness, chronotype and an ad hoc questionnaire on the pre-race sleep management
strategy adopted. Arrival times, separately for each race’s leg, were provided by the race
organization team.
Results: Solo sailors present mainly with a morning-type (40%) and intermediate-type
(60%) chronotype, while none have an evening-type chronotype. Fifty-five percent of sailors
adopted pre-race sleep management strategy. Sailors that adopted strategy have travelled
more miles in offshore compared to sailors that did not adopt strategy (p<0.05). Significant
differences emerged in rMEQ scores, with sailors that adopted strategy presenting lower
score compared to sailors that did not adopt sleep strategy (p<0.05), as well as in chronotype
distribution with morning-type sailors that are less likely to adopt pre-race sleep management
strategy compared to intermediate type sailors (p<0.05). No differences emerged in final
arrival times and in arrival time at leg1 and leg2. The most commonly adopted strategy (52%
of sailors) consists of sleep extension, followed by the polyphasic sleep (26%), and sleep
deprivation (22%) strategy. Sailors trained in polyphasic sleep have higher ESS than sailors
trained in sleep deprivation (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Morning-type chronotype is overrepresented in this large cohort of solo sailors
compared to the general population; moreover, chronotype seems to influence the adoption of
sleep management strategy. A little over half of solo sailors participating in the Mini Transat
trained in sleep management strategy before the race; however, neither the general adoption
of pre-race sleep management strategy nor the adoption of a specific sleep strategy seems to
significantly influence final arrival times
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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