1,720,984 research outputs found
Fair Division and the Law: How real cases help shape allocation procedures in the legal settings across European countries
No full textExisting fair division algorithms are tested under many legal cases analyzed by the legal teams of the CREA project in three sectors: Inheritances, Divorces and Company Law. Each example is commented from the algorithm designers’ viewpoint. A list of the features that should be present in a general-purpose procedure for allocating goods in a judicial setting are given, together with other additional features that could be developed as side projects if resources allow. A guideline for designing procedures based on the existing specimens but tailored for the specific needs of aiding legal specialists and citizens is outlined
Fair Division Procedures for the CREA project
No full textWe present two general purpose procedures that are simple and powerful enough to be used by specialists as well as common EU citizens without specific training on the subject matter.
In the first procedure, that we name “Name your price”, available even without an estimated market value for the goods to preliminary agree upon is an adaptation of the Competitive/Nash solution for bargaining problems. Here, the users (agents) will simply have to express their preferences as bids on the items to divide. In the second one, named “Price and rate” users will have to express a rating on a simple discrete
scale on which to express their satisfaction/dissatisfaction upon the possibility of receiving the items. The scale can be coarser or more refined, depending on the ability of the users to deal with such scales, and their familiarity with the goods to be distributed.
Regarding the solutions, we build upon very recent scientific findings that guarantee for the solution of the first procedure its (Pareto) efficiency (no other allocation is at least as good for every agent and strictly better for at least one agent) and its envy-freeness (no agent prefers the share of another agent to her own). Regarding the solution of the second procedure, we focus on the efficiency and the equality in the users’ satisfaction, but also on another notion of high practical relevance, namely the comparison of the bundles’ market values, a common condition often imposed by the law. Both procedures satisfy invariance properties that discourage the parties from altering their preferences with the goal of gaining from this manipulation at the expense of the other participants in the division.
The procedures are applied to real instances of inheritances, divorces and liquidations presented within the project by the team of legal experts
On the Manipulability of the Division of Two Items Among Two Agents Using a Bargaining Approach
No full textWe investigate the possibility for an agent of manipulating her/his declarations on the evaluations of the items in order to increase her/his total utility, when the division is stated as a bargaining problem. Our analysis shows that the Nash solution has a slight advantage with respect to the egalitarian solution in terms of manipulation prevention
Indices of criticality in simple games
No full textWe generalize the notion of power index for simple games to different orders of criticality, where the order of criticality represents the possibility for players to gain more power over the members of a coalition thanks to the collusion with other players. We study the behaviour of these criticality indices to compare the power of different players within a single voting situation, and that of the same player with varying weight across different voting situations. In both cases we establish monotonicity results
in line with those of Turnovec (1998). Finally, we examine which properties characterizing the indices of Shapley-Shubik and Banzhaf are shared by these new indices
Fair Division Algorithms and Experiments: A Short Review
No full textWe concisely review established and recent results regarding procedures to allocate several objects (also referred to as items or goods) to a finite number of entities (usually denotes as agents or players). After having described how to formally represent preferences, and what defines a good allocation, we list the procedures. For each procedure we outline the assumptions, the terminology specifically employed for the occasion, and the results achieved, together with specific remarks for the examined procedure.
Our analysis reveals that some procedures are mature enough to guarantee a reasonable degree of success in the legal context. Some others are very recent, but their strong theoretical grounds provide a natural perspective of applications in the
legal context. Behavioral and experimental economics provides rigorous evidence of the effectiveness of these procedures and the perception of those among the involved agents
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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