1,720,970 research outputs found
Spatial dynamics of mTOR pathway activity during bovine embryo development
No full textThe mTOR pathway regulates cell proliferation, growth, survival, and metabolism by integrating nutritional and growth factor signaling. In embryos, its activity is influenced by the availability of nutrients in the culture medium, and it can affect the first cellular differentiation event, driving trophectoderm (TE) formation in mice. We hypothesized that mTOR activity is increased in cells poised to become TE and in differentiated TE cells of early bovine embryos. To test this, we assessed mTOR pathway activity through immunofluorescence detection of phospho-S6 (pS6) and mTOR using confocal microscopy. In morulae, pS6 activity was primarily observed in the outer cells; however, in blastocysts, the inner cell mass exhibited higher pS6 levels than TE cells, while mTOR localized to the nucleus of TE cells, suggesting a distinct temporal role for the mTOR pathway in early bovine developmen
Modulation of FGF pathway signaling on primitive endoderm differentiation in bovine embryos
No full textFAPESP supported project. Grant 2017/09576-
FGF4 and BMP4 influence FGFR2 dynamics during the segregation of epiblast and primitive endoderm cells in the pre-implantation mouse embryo
No full textPost-doctoral research at Sickkids research institute - Rossant lab - Marcelo D. Goissi
Influence of glucose and oxygen tension on the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass of in vitro produced bovine embryos
No full textInfluence of cell contractility on apical domain formation and cell differentiation in early bovine embryos
No full textFAPESP supported project. Grant 2017/09576-
Effects of fetal bovine serum on trophectoderm and primitive endoderm cell allocation of in vitro produced bovine embryos
No full textFAPESP supported project. Grant 2017/09576-
Use of extracellular matrix (Matrigel®) for establishment of porcine embryonic stem cells and expression characterization of plurpotency related molecules
No full textO estabelecimento de cultivo de células-tronco embrionárias (ESC) ainda não foi realizado com sucesso. Verificação de marcadores de pluripotência e diferenciação nos três folhetos germinativos são necessárias para validação de uma linhagem celular pluripotente. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer e caracterizar o cultivo de ESC suínas usando Matrigel e comparar a expressão dos marcadores de pluripotência Oct-4, CD9 e α6-integrina em embriões. Blastocistos in vitro ou in vivo foram submetidos à imunocirurgia para cultura da massa celular interna, fixados para imunocitoquímica ou extração de RNA total para RT-PCR. Nenhuma colônia de ESC foi obtida usando co-cultivo em fibroblastos embrionários murinos (MEF) ou em Matrigel. Expressão de Oct-4, CD9 e α6-integrina foi detectada por PCR. Os produtos de PCR de CD9 e α6-integrina tiveram suas sequências nucleotídicas determinadas e comparadas com bases de dados públicas. O produto de CD9 foi idêntico à seqüência do CD9 suíno e o produto de α66integrina foi similar à humana e eqüina. Reação de Imunocitoquímica revelou a presença de Oct-4 no citoplasma de células da massa celular interna e do trofoblasto. CD9 e α6-integrina foram observados preferencialmente em células do trofoblasto. Não foi possível comparar a expressão dos marcadores de pluripotência entre ESC e embriões em suínos. Porém, este estudo descreve pela primeira vez a expressão de CD9 e α6-integrina em blastocistos suínos, os quais podem não estar relacionados com células pluripotentes embrionárias suínas.Establishment of embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture in pigs has not been achieved. Verification of pluripotency markers and differentiation in the three embryonic layers are necessary for validation of a pluripotent cell line. The objective of this study was to establish and characterize porcine ESC culture using Matrigel and compare the expression of pluripotency markers Oct-4, CD9 and α6-integrin with embryos. In vitro or in vivo porcine blastocysts were submitted to immunosurgery for culture of inner cell mass, fixation for immunocytochemistry or total RNA extraction for RT-PCR. No ESC colonies were obtained using co-culture on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or on Matrigel. Expression of Oct-4, CD9 and α6-integrin was detected by PCR. CD9 and α6-integrin PCR products had their nucleotide sequence assessed and compared with public nucleotide database. CD9 product was identical to CD9 porcine sequences and α6-integrin product was similar to human and equine α6-integrin. Immunocytochemistry revealed Oct-4 expression in cytoplasm of the inner cell mass and trophoblast cells. CD9 and α6-integrin were observed preferentially on trophoblast cells. It was not possible to compare expression of pluripotency markers between porcine ESC and embryos. However, this study describes for the first time expression of CD9 and α6-integrin in porcine blastocysts, which may not be related to pluripotent porcine embryonic cells
Expression of molecular markers in spermatogonia
No full textEm mamíferos, a espermatogênese é mantida pela autorrenovação e diferenciação das células-tronco espermatogoniais (SSC). Apesar da grande importância do SSC para a fertilidade masculina, em Bos taurus pouco se sabe sobre a sua identificação e biologia celular. Para roedores, mais de 30 marcadores para células germinativas indiferenciadas já foram descritos. No entanto, ainda não é conhecido um marcador específico apenas para SSC. Quase todos são também expressos por gonócitos, espermatogônias mais diferenciadas ou mesmo células somáticas. Yin Yang 2 (YY2) é um factor de transcrição expresso nas células com a morfologia de gonócitos e SSC, sendo um candidato a marcador de SSC. Assim, a identificação de novos marcadores para SSC e factores que afectam a sua expressão, tais como a idade, são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da biotecnologia como transgenia e tratamento de infertilidade, nos quais as SSC poderiam ser ferramentas biológicos importantes. Assim, nesta tese temos duas hipóteses principais: 1) a idade do dador afeta a expressão de marcadores moleculares específicos de SSC bovinas assim como potencial de células-tronco dessas células e que as sequências de DNA em que se associa YY2 regulam a expressão génica de SSC em camundongos. Os objetivos específicos, organizados em 4 artigos científicos, foram: identificar a melhor plaqueamento diferencial para enriquecer SSC bovina (artigo 1), verificar se a expressão de marcadores moleculares de SSC bovina difere entre adultos pré-púberes (artigo 2 e 3), identificar novos marcadores específicos para SSC em Bos taurus (artigo 3), verificar que a idade afeta o potencial de célula-tronco de SSC bovinas (artigo 3), descrever YY2 como um marcador específico para SSC em camundongos e verificar se as sequências DNA associadas YY2 são loci de importância para SSC. Assim, definimos o melhor plaqueamento diferencial para o enriquecimento de SSC bovinas, que idade afeta a expressão marcadores já estabelecidos assim como genes específicos do transcriptoma de SSC bovinas e que idade também afeta o seu potencial de células-tronco (ensaio de repopulação). Concluímos também que YY2 é um marcador para SSC de camundongo em cultivo, em animais adultos e que as sequências do genoma que se associam YY2 possivelmente tem capacidade de regulação génica em SSC murina.Mammalian spermatogenesis is sustained by self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). Despite the importance of the SSC for male fertility, in Bos taurus líttle is known about their identification identity and cell biology. For rodents, more than thirty markers for undifferentiated germ cells have already been described. However, none of these represents a marker specific for SSC, as most are also expressed in gonocytes, differentiated spermatogonia or even somatic cells. Yin Yang 2 (YY2) is a transcription factor specifically expressed in cells with the morphology of gonocytes and SSC in the mouse, being a candidate marker for SSC. For the use of SSC as an important biological tool in the development of biotechnology such as transgenesis and the treatment of infertility, it is important to identify new markers for SSC and factors that affect their expression, such as the age of donors. Therefore, the experimental work described in this thesis was based on two main hypothesis: (1) the donor age affects the expression of specific molecular markers in SSC as well their potential as stem cells and 2) YY2 exerts important functions in SSC and genomic targets correspond to loci relevant for gene regulation or genome management in SSC. The specific goals have been organized in 4 manuscripts as follows: optimization of differential plating to enrich for bovine SSC (Article 1), check if the expression of molecular markers of bovine SSCs differs between prepubertal and adult donors (Article 2 and 3), identify new markers specific for SSC in Bos taurus (Article 3), continuation of the initial description of YY2 as a specific marker for SSC in mice and check if sequences bound by YY2 in vivo harbor the capacity to influence gene expression in SSC. As conclusions, we present an optimized differential plating protocol for the enrichment of bovine SSC, we conclude that age effects the expression of SSC markers, the expression of specific genes of bovine SSC and that age also affects their potential as stem cells (measured in repopulation assays). We also contribute to the description of the restricted expression of YY2 in prepuberal and adult SSC in mice and we show that YY2 binding sites represent genomic sequences relevant for control of gene expression
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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