28 research outputs found
Food from peace: breaking the links between conflict and hunger
No full text"In this paper, Ellen Messer, Marc J. Cohen, and Jashinta D'Costa show how hunger is often a direct result of violence ... [and] how hunger can reciprocally cause conflict. ... The authors call for including conflict prevention in food security and development efforts, as well as new linkages between food security and development on the one hand, and emergency relief on the other" Foreword.Social conflict., Hunger., Conflict management.,
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Effect of histamine on tracheal mucosal perfusion, water content and airway smooth muscle in sheep
No full textWe examined the response of tracheal mucosal blood flow normalized for systemic arterial pressure (Q̇trn), water content (V
H
2O
) and luminal dead spac anesthetized sheep. Nebulized histamine produced rapid increases in mean Q̇trn ( + 84%) and V
H
2O
(+ 85%), and a decrease in mean Vtr(−17%)(
P<0.05) within 5 min post completion of challenge. Mean Vtr rapidly returned to baseline, while mean
Q
̇
trn and V
H
2O
remained elevated for 60 and 90 min after challenge, respectively. Pretreatment with chlorpheniramine (H
1-antagonist) blocked the changes in Vtr and V
H
2O
, and attenuated the increase in Q̇trn. Metiamide (H
2-antagonist) pretreatment abolished the increase in Q̇trn and blunted the increase in V
H
2O
, but had no effect on the decrease in Vtr. 2-methylhistamine (H
1-agonist) decreased mean Q̇trn and Vtr (
P<0.05) and dimaprit (H
2-agonist) increased mean Q̇trn (
P<0.05) without changing Vtr. Neither 2-methylhistamine nor dimapritsignificantly altered V
H
2O
Atropine blocked histamine induced decreases in Vtr and slightly attenuatedthe increases in Q̇trn and V
H
2O
. Thus, histamine increased airway smooth muscle tone and mucosal water content principally via H
1 receptors, and mucosal perfusion via H
2 receptors. The airway smooth muscle contraction involved muscarinic pathways
European patterns of local adaptation planning—a regional analysis
No full text\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.While European regions face a range of different climate hazards, little is known about how these differences affect local climate adaptation planning. We present an analytical framework for evaluating local climate adaptation plans (LCAPs) and apply it to 327 cities in 28 countries across different European regions. To do this, we use statistical methods to identify regional clusters based on overall plan quality, impacts, vulnerable population groups, and sectors addressed by LCAPs. By comparing both geographic and statistical clusters, we found (1) significant spatial heterogeneity across European cities but (2) higher average plan quality scores and more consistent strategies across cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Notably, we found no regional differences regarding (a) the climate impacts and vulnerable communities identified in plans: (b) the most commonly addressed impacts, which were urban temperature and changing precipitation patterns; and (c) the residents that cities identified as most vulnerable, namely older people, women, infants, and the sick. Our study provides a spatial analysis of European LCAPs to uncover regional policy perspectives on local climate adaptation issues. Such approaches can effectively inform broader EU, national and regional strategies that aim to support local adaptation planning in a context of multi-level governance
Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article
Ignorance in the time of AIDS: what we do, and do not know about the ABC message in Uganda
No full textThe reduction of the HIV prevalence rate in Uganda during the early 1990s is often attributed to the introduction of an ABC policy. The Ugandan government is thought to have maintained a consistent message that suggested behaviour change in response to the HIV epidemic - encouraging citizens to Abstain, Be faithful, and/or use Condoms. It is thought that such a policy provides individuals with behavioural 'options', allowing them to choose a manner of protecting themselves against HIV infection. Although often used as an example of a successful social policy, many questions regarding the case are still unanswered. This dissertation establishes what is and is not known about the decline in prevalence in Uganda, as well as the role played by the ABC policy in that decline. The dissertation takes the form of a literature survey using key terms relating to the case. The ABC concept and the issues relevant to its implementation are initially discussed on an abstract level. The dissertation then turns to the implementation of the ABC policy in Uganda and the alleged success thereof. Three key topics are discussed in relation to the case: 1) the available statistical evidence pertaining to HIV/AIDS rates, 2) the available statistical evidence of behaviour change in Uganda, and 3) the national policy employed by the Ugandan government during the past three decades. The ideological debate surrounding the current Ugandan policy is also discussed. From the analysis of the available literature on the ABC policy and the Ugandan case, it becomes evident that certain things are known about the topic while others are not. The literature shows that a decline in prevalence did indeed take place, but that the extent and timing of this decline are unclear. The literature also shows that prevention messages in the country did suggest a change in behaviour in response to the threat of HIV, but that the content of these messages was not consistent on a national level. 6 Most importantly, the literature does not support a clear link between the implementation of an ABC policy and behaviour change in Uganda, nor does it clearly support a link between an ABC policy and a decline in HIV prevalence. Further research on the effectiveness and potential negative impact of the ABC concept is necessary before it is widely implemented in other countries
Stratified medicine for mental disorders
No full textThere is recognition that biomedical research into the causes of mental disorders and their treatment needs to adopt new approaches to research. Novel biomedical techniques have advanced our understanding of how the brain develops and is shaped by behaviour and environment. This has led to the advent of stratified medicine, which translates advances in basic research by targeting aetiological mechanisms underlying mental disorder. The resulting increase in diagnostic precision and targeted treatments may provide a window of opportunity to address the large public health burden, and individual suffering associated with mental disorders. While mental health and mental disorders have significant representation in the "health, demographic change and wellbeing" challenge identified in Horizon 2020, the framework programme for research and innovation of the European Commission (2014-2020), and in national funding agencies, clear advice on a potential strategy for mental health research investment is needed. The development of such a strategy is supported by the EC-funded "Roadmap for Mental Health Research" (ROAMER) which will provide recommendations for a European mental health research strategy integrating the areas of biomedicine, psychology, public health well being, research integration and structuring, and stakeholder participation. Leading experts on biomedical research on mental disorders have provided an assessment of the state of the art in core psychopathological domains, including arousal and stress regulation, affect, cognition social processes, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. They have identified major advances and promising methods and pointed out gaps to be addressed in order to achieve the promise of a stratified medicine for mental disorders
Haematologia
No full text1969 / 1. szám
Wiener, A. S.: In commemoration of Karl Landsteiner, Father of blood grouping and immunochemistry
Wiener, A. S. - Brain, P. - Gordon, E. R.: Further observations on the hemagglutinins of the snail Achatina granulata
Mayr, W. R. - Mickerts, D. - Pausch, V.: Schwaches Isoagglutinogen der Blutgruppe B in einer österreichischen Familie
Feodorov, N. A. - Zotikov, E. A. - Gorbunova, N. A. - Urinson, R. M.: On the mechanism of the direct Coombs test in reticulocytosis
Bishop, Ch. - Van Gastel, C.: Changes in enzyme activity during reticulocyte maturation and red cell aging
Sőtér, V. N. - Árky, I. - Szelényi, J. G. - Hollán, S. R.: Iron-induced changes in erythrocyte membrane surface charge
Árky, I. - Szász, I. - Gárdos, G. - Szelényi, J. G. - Breuer, J. H. - Várterész, V. - Hollán, S. R.: Biochemical changes in blood induced by in vitro X-irradiation
Stieglitz, R. - Stobbe, H.: Panmyelophthisen durch wenig bekannte Ursachen
Choné, B. - Roos, G.: Elektronenmikroskopischer Beitrag zur Klassifikation atypischer Myelomzellen
Berzy, I. - Porgányi, M.: Cytochemical examination of thoracic and abdominal effusier
Effect of Andrenals on the Fibrinase Activity and on the Phase of Fibrin Generation
Szczepański, M. - Zwierzchowska, A. - Czechowska, Z. - Jastrzębski, J.: Investigations on the fibrinolytic activity of the thyroid gland
Open Forum
Book Review
Abstracts
From the international literature on haematology
News Item
1969 / 2. szám
Dausset, J.: The laws of the choice of organ donors before transplantation
Opler, S. R.: Viral induced acute lymphatic leukemia in guinea pigs resembling human leukemia
Rondanelli, E. G. - Magliulo, E. - Falchi, F. - Verona-Rinati, M.: Phase-contrast and tissue culture studies on mitotic cycle of erythropoietic cells in Di Guglielmo's erythraemia
Yaroshevsky, A. Ya. - Voitkevitch, V. I. - Moiseeva, O. I.: Study of v. renalis blood erythropoietic activity in a chronic experiment
Choné, B. - Schaab, H.: Elektronische Registrierung strahleninduzierter Volumenschwankungen der Leukozyten
Horkay, I. - Dán, S. - Lapis, K. - Jákó, J. - Dévényi, I.: Damage to liver mitochondria in eríthropoietic protoporphyria
Fleischmann, T.: Chromosomenanomalien bei hämatologischen Krankheiten
Patakfalvi, A. - Csete, B. - Horváth, T.: Familial myelofibrosis
Ambrus, M. - Bajtai, G.: A case of an IgG-type cold agglutinin disease
Krizsa, F. - Kovács, Z. - Dobay, E.: Effect of exchange transfusion-induced thrombocytopoietic activity of infants' sera on the megakaryocytic system of mice
Abstracts
From the international literature on haematology
News Item
1969 / 3. szám
Bernard, J. - Weil, M. - Jacquillat, Cl.: Traitement des leucémies aiguës myéloblastiques
Wiener, A. S.: The nomenclature and genetics of the Ag(xy) beta-lipoprotein system
Rondanelli, E. G. - Magliulo, E. - Fossati, G. C. - Petrocini, S. - Gorini, S.: Chronology of mitotic cycle in human plasmocyte precursors in vitro. Phase-contrast cinemicrographic studies
Pawelski, S. - Rudowski, W. - Rechowicz, K. - Zdziechowska, H. - Konopka, L. - Kotelba-Witkowska, B. - Klawe, Z. - Nowak, S.: The effect of splenectomy on the clinical picture and survival time of platelets in thrombocytopenia
Elődi, S. - Králl, G.: Studies on platelet functions in different platelet disorders
Hartwig, W. - Pawelski, S. - Migdalska, B. - Rechowicz, K. - Rosciszewska, A.: Adrenocortical function and the effect of corticosteroid therapy in pernicious anaemia
Up-to-date Conception of the Role of the Stomach in the Development of Anaemias Induced by Iron Deficiency
Bozsóky, S. - Medgyesi, G. A. - Gergely, J.: Reaction of papain-sensitive and papain-resistant gamma G-globulin with rheumatoid factor and Coombs-serum
Gergely, J. - Puskás, É. - Medgyesi, G. A. - Pákh, M. - Igali, A.: Studies of gamma-ray irradiated human IgG
Brabec, V. - Pospišilova, V. - Šebestik, V. - Jirásek, A.: Experimenteller Hypersplenismus. Hämatologische Veränderungen bei dem "makromolekulären Syndrom" der Wistar-Ratten
Book Review
Abstracts
From the international literature on haematology
News Items
1969 / 4. szám
Hollán, S. R.: In memoriam William Dameshek
Wiener, A. S. - Moor-Jankovski, J. - Brancato, G. J.: LW factor
Astaldi, A., jr. - Burgio, G. R. - Krč, I. - Genova, R. - Astaldi, G.: Inhibition of the PHA-response by L-asparaginase
Sztanyik, B. L. - Elson, L. A.: Spleen colony formation in the rat following single lethal doxe X-irradiation and syngeneic bone-marrow transplantation
Choné, B. -Radoin, H. A.: Elektronische Registrierung der Leukozyten-Volumenverteilungskurve nach therapeutische Anwendung von 32P, 131J und 198Au
Serafimov-Dimitrov, W. - Nedelková, M.: Über den Mechanismus der Erythrophagozytose nach der Transfusion von heterologen Erythrozyten
Thomas, K. - Hofmann, F.: Untersuchungen zur Stabilität des Lp(a)-Serumgruppensystems
Strausz, I. - Barcsák, J. - Kékes, E. - Szebeni, Á.: Prednisolone-induced acute changes in circulating neutrophil granulocytes. IV. Examinations in infectious mononucleosis
Fehér, I. - Gidáli, J.: Factors influencing the growth and differentiation of spleen colonies. I. Nonspecific agents
Gallyas, A. - Fehér, I.: Comparative study of the in vivo effects of a heparinoid and phytohaemagglutinin
Hollán, S. R.: Imre Batta, on his 70th birthday
Book Reviews
Abstracts
From the International Literature on Haematology
Contents of Volume 3
Author Index
Subject Inde
Poverty comparisons with absolute poverty lines estimated from survey data
No full text"The objective of measuring poverty is usually to make comparisons over time or between two or more groups. Common statistical inference methods are used to determine whether an apparent difference in measured poverty is statistically significant. Studies of relative poverty have long recognized that when the poverty line is calculated from sample survey data, both the variance of the poverty line and the variance of the welfare metric contribute to the variance of the poverty estimate. In contrast, studies using absolute poverty lines have ignored the poverty line variance, even when the poverty lines are estimated from sample survey data. Including the poverty line variance could either reduce or increase the precision of poverty estimates, depending on the specific characteristics of the data. This paper presents a general procedure for estimating the standard error of poverty measures when the poverty line is estimated from survey data. Based on bootstrap methods, the approach can be used for a wide range of poverty measures and methods for estimating poverty lines. The method is applied to recent household survey data from Mozambique. When the sampling variance of the poverty line is taken into account, the estimated standard errors of Foster-Greer- Thorbecke and Watts poverty measures increase by 15 to 30 percent at the national level, with considerable variability at lower levels of aggregation." -- Authors' AbstractPoverty measurement, Surveys -- Statistical methods, Household surveys, Poverty lines
