965 research outputs found
Eumerus lyneborgi Ricarte & Hauser & Kinnee & Marcos-García 2020, sp. nov.
No full textRemarks on Eumerus lyneborgi sp. nov. and similar species Eumerus lyneborgi sp. nov. is similar to E. vestitus Bezzi, 1912 in body size and constitution, predominantly pollinose frons, with punctured pollinosity (females), swollen metafemur, with two ventral rows of short black spinae, one antero-apically and other postero-apical, lateral margins of terga III and IV pollinose, and tergum IV widely pollinose posteriorly. Bezzi (1912) described E. vestitus based on males and females from ‘ Guinea Portoguese’ (nowadays, Guinea-Bissau), supposedly the male and three females the authors of the present paper found in the MCSNG collection. These specimens are all labelled as ‘syntypus’ and a female has an additional label of ‘Typus’. Bezzi (1912) did not mention a holotype or type specimen for his new species in the description. Thus, according to articles 73.1.1 and 73.1.2 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999), this ‘Typus’ is not a valid holotype and therefore all specimens are syntypes. In addition, no subsequent type designation for E. vestitus is known to the authors of the present paper. In the past, curators sometimes labelled arbitrarily as ‘Typus’ the best looking specimen within the type series (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga in lit.), and this is likely to be the case for this ‘Typus’ specimen. Thus, lectotype designation is possible for this nominal species in order to stabilise this species concept, especially because it is a mixed type series and the newly described species in this paper is similar to E. vestitus. Thus, we here designate the male specimen as lectotype (Fig. 9). All other specimens (females) become automatically paralectotypes (Figs 10, 11). All specimens of the type series, except for one are recognised to be conspecific. The outlier specimen (female paralectotype) has (1) denser and longer eye pilosity (eye with very short and scattered pile in the other two females) (Fig. 10C, D), (2) slight but obvious pollinosity surrounding posterior ocelli (this same area is shiny or nearly so in the other two females), (3) individual dots of frontal pollinosity very small (larger in the other females) (Fig. 10A, C), (4) basoflagellomere tapering dorsally for the apical two thirds (for the apical half or less, in the other two females) (Fig. 10C, D), (5) metatibia bumped ventrally (less bumped, tending to straight, in the other two females), (6) apex of metatibia without short black spinae (apex of metatibia with two short black spinae in the other two females) (Fig. 11). This outlier female is similar to the female of E. obliquus (Fabricius 1805) (widespread in Africa) and E. figurans Walker, 1859 (not recorded from Africa). However, it differs from that of E. obliquus in the pollinose vertex (broadly shiny in E. obliquus), wide pollinose posterior margin of scutellum (much narrower to almost absent in E. obliquus), narrow diagonal vittae of terga III and IV (wider in E. obliquus), and shiny posterior margin of tergum IV (extensively pollinose in E. obliquus); and differs from the female of E. figurans in the pollinose vertex and occiput (vertex and occiput shiny in E. figurans), the densely and homogeneously pollinose frons (frons with a medial line of sparser pollinosity in E. figurans), and the short spinae of the anteroapical row of metafemur (longer spinae in E. figurans). The outlier specimen did not key out with Lyneborg’s manuscript key to the Afrotropical species of Eumerus, and might represent an undescribed sister species of E. vestitus. However, we decided not to describe it as a separate taxon due to the absence of other specimens, including males with conspecific morphology. Additional examined material of other Eumerus species. Type series of the nominal species, Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912. Lectotype: 1³, GUINEA PORTOGUESE, Rio Cassine, XII.1899 – IV.1900. L. Fea (part of the date crossed out as indicated) / SYNTYPUS ³ Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912 (on pink label). Paralectotypes: 1♀, GUINEA POR- TOGUESE, Rio Cassine, XII.1899 – IV.1900. L. Fea (part of the date crossed out as indicated) / vestitus Bezzi / TYPUS (printed in red) / Eumerus vestitus n. sp. (handwritten on a pink label; ‘ n. sp. ’ is an interpretation of the actual label lettering) / SYNTYPUS ♀ Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912 (on pink label) / Museo Civico di Genova; 2♀, GUINEA PORTOGUESE, Rio Cassine, XII.1899 – IV.1900. L. Fea (part of the date crossed out as indicated) / SYNTYPUS ♀ Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912 (on pink label) / Museo Civico di Genova [MCSNG]. The male syntype lacks the antennae and the right prolegs, and the head is pasted to thorax in its original position. The female syntype labelled as ‘typus’ lacks the left basoflagellomere, while another female lacks the left metatarsus. There were specimens from Egypt, donated by Becker to Bezzi and found by this latter author that they were erroneously identified as E. obliquus, mentioned in the original description, which we could not locate. Additional material of Eumerus vesti-tus: 2³, 1♀, Egypt, Cairo, Gizera, 24.ix.1992, leg. M. Hauser [CSCA]; 1³, Egypt, Luxor, Westbank of Nile river 25.694N 32,628E, 1.iv.2018 leg Schmid-Egger [CSCA]; 1³, Tunisia, Monastir, 15km S Sousse, 28.vi.1994, leg. M. Hauser (first record of E. vestitus from Tunisia) [CSCA]. Eumerus obliquus: AFRICA. 1♀, ‘Cap. B. Spei.’ [South Africa, Cape of Good Hope], Coll. H. Loew, obliquus F (hand written); 1³, Africa, Coll. H. Loew [ZMB]; 1♀ [published in Marcos-García et al. (2013)], Île de la Réunion (France), Les Avirons, 24.vi.2010, Leg.: N. Estela Ribera, Det. as E. obliquus by A. Ricarte & M.A. Marcos-García in 2010 (CEUA00105083) [CEUA]; 1³, 2♀, Mozambique, Sofala Prov. Gorongosa Park, small lake, 18°56’39»S 34°26’35»E, 300m, ex Malaise, 19–30.iv.2015 leg. M. Hauser & A. Rung [CSCA]; 1³, Zambia Southern Prov., Livingston, 17.842 S 15.857 E, 960m, 1.v.2016, leg M. Hauser & CJ Borkent [CSCA]; 1³, Zambia, Northern Prov. 8.8 km WSW Kakumbi, S Luangwa NP, 22–26.iv. 2016, 525m, 13.115 S 31.726 E, Malaise trap, leg. M. Hauser, CJ Borkent & DM Ndalamei [CSCA]; 1³, Mali 30 km N Bamako, 20.vii.1991, leg. M. Schwarz [CSCA]; 1³, Ghana, Northern Region, Mole National Park, 165m, 09°15’33»N 01°51’43»W, Malaise trap, 28–30.iv.2014 leg. S. Gaimari & M. Hauser [CSCA]; 1³, Tunisia, Monastir, 15km S Sousse, 28.vi. 1994, leg. M. Hauser [CSCA]. AUSTRA-LIA. 1♀ with puparium, Palmwoods, nr Nambour, Qld, C. Hayward, emerged 17.v.1986, ex rotting guava infested with larvae of Dacus tryoni (UQIC Reg #94996) [CSCA]. EUROPE. 1♀, Spain (mainland), Alicante, San Juan, 01.iv.2020, Leg. M.A. Marcos; 1♀ [published in Ricarte et al. (2008)], Spain, Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Ses Salines, P/ 29.x.2005, Leg.: M.A. Marcos-García (#6844), Det. as E. obliquus by A. Ricarte in 2006 (CEUA00084841). Eumerus obliquus is widespread all over Africa, also found in the Canary and various Mediterranean islands, as well as in mainland Europe: Spain (first records in the present paper), southern France and Italy (Speight 2020). This species is also introduced in Australia and South America (Garcete-Barrett et al. 2020). A female of Eumerus punctifrons Loew, 1857 with the following data: Tunis, 62285 [ZMB]. Photos of the holotype of Eumerus figurans Walker, 1859 at the Natural History Museum, London, available at https://www.nhm.ac.uk/.Published as part of Ricarte, Antonio, Hauser, Martin, Kinnee, Scott & Marcos-García, Ángeles, 2020, A new Eumerus hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Namibia and South Africa with notes on similar species, pp. 493-508 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 502-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/430650
La Faculté de langage : sa nature, qui en est doté, comment elle s'est développée
No full textDans : SCIENCE, VOL 298, 22 novembre 2002traduction de Marc D. Hauser, Noam Chomsky , W. Tecumseh Fitch « The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?
Könyvismertetés
No full textMit ne gondoljunk az állatokról? [Marc D. Hauser: Vad elmék: mit gondolnak az állatok?] (Magyari Lilla); A WEB-et nézegetve [Julie Ratner (szerk.) Human Factors and Web Development] (Rung András
Private Placements by Small Public Entities: Canadian Experience
No full textIn Canada, most of the private placements are offered by small and unprofitable entrepreneurial ventures -- for which the asymmetry of information and adverse selection problems are particularly acute. Private placements are a very important source of equity for these emerging businesses. In contrast with the public offering process, placements of shares are made in the exempt market with accredited or sophisticated investors. It is assumed that these investors would be knowledgeable enough to protect their own interests. The aim of this paper is to analyze the extent to which such private placements can be considered “fair”, i.e. if they provide investors with a fair rate of return and if accredited investors are indeed able to price these placements correctly in a context of large asymmetry of information. The answer is clearly negative. Au Canada, la majorité des placements privés sont émis par de petites entreprises en émergence, non rentables. Les problèmes d’asymétrie de l’information et d’anti-sélection sont particulièrement sévères. Les placements privés sont toutefois une source de financement très importante pour ces entreprises. Contrairement aux offres publiques, les placements privés sont émis dans le cadre du régime d’exemption, auprès d’investisseurs agréés dont on considère qu’ils ont les connaissances requises pour veiller à leurs intérêts financiers. L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les placements privés procurent un taux de rendement équitable aux investisseurs et si les investisseurs agréés sont en mesure d’apprécier correctement la valeur de ce type d’investissement. La réponse est négative.Private placements, SME, securities regulation, public policies, financing, Placement privé, petites entreprises, réglementation des valeurs mobilières, politiques publiques, financement
Nemotelus niloticus Olivier 1811
No full textNemotelus niloticus Olivier, 1811 (Figs 6–20, 21–24, 62–63) Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Isola di Sant’Antioco, Stagno di Santa Caterina, close to “Centro Sperimentale ENEL”, N 39°05’18.4” E 8°29’10.5”, 24.VI.2007, C. Meloni leg., 88 ♀♀, 47 ♂ sweep net, on Salicornia sp. (FMV); Sant’Anna Arresi, Stagno di Punta Pino N 38°58’24.0” E 8°36’34.4”, 22.VI.2007, F. Mason, D. Birtele & F. Mazzocchi leg., 25 ♂, 26 ♀♀, sweep net, on Salicornia (FMV). Other material examined. Israel, Newe Zohar, 19.03.1995, net, B. Merz leg. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, (FMV); Tunisia, near Nefta, palme grove, 31.05.1994, net, S. Becvar leg., 2 ♂ (FMV); Algeria, Skah, Biskra, 18.04.1949, A. Giordani Soika leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (FMV). Remarks. Nemotelus niloticus was treated as a species incertae sedis by Rozkošný (1977) in his revision of the West-Palaearctic Nemotelus Geoffroy, 1762; the same author illustrated the diagnostic characteristics of N. albifacies Becker, 1902, which was later considered as its synonym by Hauser (2008). The specimens recently collected in Sardinia have a yellow spot limited to the area between the apex of the facial projection and the base of the antennae (typical, according to Hauser (2008), of specimens from the Tunisian coast). Records from Sardinia confirm the Mediterranean distribution pattern of the species (Rozkošný 1977, 1983). The Sardinian specimens were collected in a salt marsh with Salicornia sp. and Limonium sp. vegetation. Specimens of both sexes were attracted in great numbers by white surfaces, e.g. clothes, insect nets or white cars (Mason, pers. obs.; Meloni, pers. comm.). The biometric measurements refer to the population collected on the same day at Stagno di Santa Caterina (see above). Males (n = 21): body = 4.2–5.4 mm, wing = 2.5–3.7 mm, head index = 1.9–2.1; females (n = 26): body = 4.3–5.7, wing = 2.5–3.7, head index = 1.9–2.1 mm. The head index ranges from 1.6–1.7 (males) and 1.9 (females) for specimens from Algeria and Israel, to 2.0–2.3 for males from Tunisia. The Sardinian specimens are characterized by a relatively long facial projection (see Tab. 1). Distribution. First record for Europe. This species was known from Algeria and Egypt (Rozkošný 1977), and was recently recorded from Libya (Troiano & Toscano 1997), Tunisia (Hauser 2008), Israel (Hauser 2008) and the United Arab Emirates (Hauser 2008).Published as part of Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf & Hauser, Martin, 2009, A review of the soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) of Sardinia *, pp. 507-530 in Zootaxa 2318 on pages 512-51
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No full textAz ember újra és újra megpróbálja értelmezni és megérteni az állati viselkedés rejtelmeit. Miért kötnek önvédelmi szövetséget a delfinek és a csimpánzok, miközben más fajok ezt nem teszik? Hogyan képesek az oroszlánok kilométerekről felmérni a rivális falka létszámát? Miért párosodnak a törpecsimpánzok, ha találnak egy tápláléklelőhelyet? Miért képes némelyik faj fölismerni a saját tükörképét, miközben a többség erre képtelen? Az ilyen kérdések vezettek el annak mélyreható vizsgálatához, hogy miképpen tesznek szert az állatok azokra az alapvető eszközökre, melyek összességét gondolkodásnak nevezzük: a számolás, a tájékozódás, az egyedfelismerés, a kommunikálás és a társas viselkedés képességeire. Ezeket a kérdéseket vizsgálja az állatok érzelem- és gondolatvilágában tett lebilincselő tudományos kalandozása során Marc D. Hauser, az állati intelligencia jeles kutatója. Ezeket a kérdéseket vizsgálja az állatok érzelem- és gondolatvilágában tett lebilincselő tudományos kalandozása során Marc D. Hauser, az állati intelligencia jeles kutatója
The Biological Sciences Can Act as a Ground for Ethics
No full textThis paper is interested in the relationship between evolutionary thinking and moral behavior and commitments, ethics. There is a traditional way of forging or conceiving of the relationship. This is traditional evolutionary ethics, known as Social Darwinism. Many think that this position is morally pernicious, a redescription of the worst aspects of modern, laissez-faire capitalism in fancy biological language. It is argued that, in fact, there is much more to be said for Social Darwinism than many think. In respects, it could be and was an enlightened position to take; but it flounders on the matter of justification. Universally, the appeal is to progress—evolution is progressive and, hence, morally we should aid its success. I argue, however, that this progressive nature of evolution is far from obvious and, hence, traditional social Darwinism fails. There is another way to do things. This is to argue that the search for justification is mistaken. Ethics just is. It is an adaptation for humans living socially and has exactly the same status as other adaptations, like hands and teeth and genitalia. As such, ethics is something with no standing beyond what it is. However, if we all thought that this was so, we would stop being moral. So part of the experience of ethics is that it is more than it is. We think that it has an objective referent. In short, ethics is an illusion put in place by our genes to make us good social cooperators
Mechanisms of Communication
No full textAnimals use many different methods to produce communication signals even within
a single sensory modality. For example, sounds may be produced by the passage of
air through special organs as in the mammalian larynx and avian syrinx, by rubbing
appendages against each other like insect legs and wings, and by striking objects in
the environment as in woodpeckers
Erratum: Gaia Data Release 2: Kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way (A&A (2018) 616 (A12) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832698)
No full textAn error occurred during the production process of the original published version. The following names were omitted from the author list: R. Haigron, D. Hatzidimitriou, M. Hauser, M. Haywood, U. Heiter, J. Heu, T. Hilger. The original published version has been corrected together with the publication of this corrigendum. © 2020 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved
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