1,720,999 research outputs found
Interventional Approaches in VTE Treatment (Vena Cava Filters, Catheter-Guided Thrombolysis, Thrombosuction)
No full textVenous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most common cardiovascular pathology after coronary disease and cerebrovascular diseases and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the general population. Full-dose anticoagulation is the standard therapy for VTE, both the acute phase and the prolonged treatment. The latest guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians recommend treatment with a full-dose of unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux, vitamin K antagonist (VKA), or systemically administered thrombolytics for most of the patients with objectively confirmed VTE. Catheter-guided thrombolysis and thrombosuction are interventional approaches that should be used only in selected populations; interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with a filter can be performed to prevent life-threatening PE in patients with VTE and contraindications to anticoagulant treatment, bleeding complications during antithrombotic treatment, or VTE recurrences, despite optimal anticoagulation. This review summarizes the currently available literature regarding interventional approaches in VTE treatment (vena cava filters, catheter-guided thrombolysis, thrombosuction), discusses their efficacy and safety, and reviews the appropriate indications for their use in daily clinical practice
Type 2 diabetes and risk for functional decline and disability in older persons
No full textAs older adults make up an increasingly lager proportion of the diabetic population, the spectrum of chronic diabetes complications will change and expand. Aside from the traditional long-term complications, diabetes has been associated with excess risk of a number of clinical conditions typical of the geriatric population, including functional decline, physical disability, falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and depression. These conditions are common and profoundly affect the quality of life of older patients with diabetes. The identification of effective ways of preventing and treating these emerging complications, thus improving quality of life among older diabetic patients, is already a major issue in geriatric medicine. In this narrative review, we describe current epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting the association between diabetes and physical disability in older persons. Furthermore, the potential biological mechanisms underlying such an association are analyze
Diabetes and Disability, Cognitive Decline, and Aging-Related Outcomes
No full textAbstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus rises steeply with age. As a result of the ongoing demographic transition and aging of the overall population, in Western countries older people account for more than one-third of the adult population with diabetes. In the past few years epidemiologic and clinical studies have consistently associated diabetes with numerous clinical outcomes that are typical of the oldest population, outcomes that are referred to as geriatric syndromes. These conditions, of which physical and cognitive impairment, falls, and depression are among the most common, are increasingly affecting the older diabetic population and already represent a looming sword of Damocles for patients and health care systems in term of quality of life and health care costs. This chapter summarizes the most compelling evidence for the relationship between diabetes and these emerging late-life complications and discusses potential avenues for secondary and tertiary prevention.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Predictive value of the Short Physical Performance Battery following hospitalization in older patients
No full textBackground: Hospitalization represents a stressful and potentially hazardous event for older persons. We evaluated the value of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in predicting rates of functional decline, rehospitalization, and death in older acutely ill patients in the year after discharge from the hospital. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 87 patients aged 65 years and older who were able to walk and with a Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥18 and admitted to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of congestive heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or minor stroke. Patients were evaluated with the SPPB at hospital admission, were reevaluated the day of hospital discharge, and 1 month later. Subsequently, they were followed every 3 months by telephone interviews to ascertain functional decline, new hospitalizations, and vital status. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, including self-report activity of daily living and comorbidity, the SPPB score at discharge was inversely correlated with the rate of decline in activity of daily living performance over the follow-up (p <.05). In a multivariable discrete-time survival analysis, patients with poor SPPB scores at hospital discharge (0-4) had a greater risk of rehospitalization or death (odds ratio: 5.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.82-15.9) compared with those with better SPPB scores (8-12). Patients with early decline in SPPB score after discharge also had steeper increase in activity of daily living difficulty and higher risk of rehospitalization or death over the next year. Conclusions: In older acutely ill patients who have been hospitalized, the SPPB provides important prognostic information. Lower extremity performance-based functional assessment might identify older patients at high risk of poor outcomes after hospital discharge. © The Author 2010
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