84 research outputs found
[[alternative]]A Research on Rituals in Ancient and Modern Rites of Zhengyi Sect--An Example of Guangting Du of Late Tang Dynasty and Chai Family of Current Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]] 道教齋醮科儀是道教獨具特色的醮祭儀式，乃是千年來百姓生活、文化上重要的精神習性。既孕育生長於中華祭祀文化的沃土，也汲取中國古代原始宗教、崇天法祖的祭祀文化，即先秦時代的宗法祭神、仙道修真思想及民間習俗，將官方與民間在祭祀方式上柔和演化，其後經歷代高真道士的整理，始有現今豐富完備的科儀範本。道教科儀既有神學思想、哲學理論，也能實際運用於生活，影響及內心的層面。道教崇道貴德、清靜自然、養生之道、家國祈安、造福鄉閭的柔順之道，和仗義行持的觀念，均深值於民心。正因如此，在歷代的史籍、傳記、筆記、小說、文集、詩集、金石碑刻、方志文獻中，均保存著豐富的齋醮儀式資料。張澤洪在《道教神仙信仰與祭祀儀式》引言曾云：「在人類宗教發展的歷史進程中，信仰與儀式始終是宗教的兩個重要範疇。各種宗教都有對神靈的信仰，而表達乃至實踐信仰的行動就是儀式。」在齋醮儀式中，其天道、人道、地道的仙道聖真信仰的行動，通過齋醮儀式壇場的象徵表達，向世人展現道教三千六百神仙的龐大陣容。 本論文內容共分為五章，第一章為緒論；第二章為說明敬天法祖；道教齋醮與古祭祀禮儀；第三章為「齋」與「醮」定義與道教的齋醮科儀；第四章為古今齋法與今之齋法的比較；第五章為結論。 第一章緒論，主要說明為何撰寫本論文的主要動機與目的，及目前道教符籙派齋醮科儀從事者與研究者身份，追溯古科法在現今齋醮科儀的價值與意義，再說明研究範圍與全文架構之述要。 第二章說明現今齋醮由敬天法祖的「祝」而延伸論述。 第三章在說明醮齋的意義，試說明先齋後醮的演化過程，並說明修齋必先持戒，守戒守心，悔雪前非，方能修持齋法，進而修持醮儀或醮謝天尊。 及在尋根追源於自漢、魏晉南北朝、隋、唐、五代十國、宋、元、明等歷代高道及著作的整理，以期證明今之齋醮儀範傳承大要內容。 第四章以比較之名，證明今之齋醮科儀，觀念與儀式，乃傳之於古科法，並借歷代高道對於齋事拔度內容、目的和意義，提出具體含意。 第五章〈結論〉，敘述「研究成果」歸結前五章古今齋法，對於科儀的從事者及修齋建醮的宮壇寺廟主持人員，提供齋醮值得注意方向和未來展望。[[abstract]] Zhaijiao keyi, commonly called Taoist rites, is a unique ritual of Taoism that has become an important mental habit for people’s life and culture for thousands of years. Growing on fat soil of Chinese sacrificial culture, it absorbs worship ceremony culture of Chinese ancient primitive religion as well as sacrifice of patriarchal clan system, thoughts of Taoist practice and folk customs that are handed down from pre-Qin period. Current rich and comprehensive Taoist ritual (Keyi) model is formed through a gentle evolution of official and folk ways of sacrificing and a summarization by high-level Taoist priests of different generations. Taoist rites can not only embody theological thoughts and philosophic theories but also be practically applied to life and thus affect internal mental level. Taoism advocates morality, privacy, naturality, health maintenance, stable state and home, safeness, benefits to neighbors, and an idea of upholding justice; all these concepts are deeply rooted in people’s mind. Consequently, abundant data about Zhaijiao ritual can be found in historical records, biographies, notes, novels, collected works, poetry anthologies, inscriptions, alchemy and literatures. Zhang Zehong indicated in “Introduction” of “Taoist Belief of Immorality and Sacrificial Ceremony”: “in development of human religion, belief and ritual are always two important scopes. Each religion has a belief in gods and ritual is precisely an action of practicing such belief”. In Zhaijiao ritual, actions for a sacred belief in natural law, humanity and earth law utilize symbolic expression of such ceremony to present people the large group of 3600 Taoist immortals. This paper is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction. Chapter 2 explains principle of respecting the god and abiding to ancients, Zhaijiao of Taoism and etiquettes of ancient sacrifice offering ceremony. Chapter 3 gives definitions of “Zhai” and “Jiao” and introduces Zhaijiao Keyi of Taoists. Chapter 4 compares ancient and modern Zhai ceremonies. Chapter 5 draws conclusions. Chapter 1 is an introduction, which describes main motivations and purposes of this paper, statuses of contemporary people engaged in Zhaijiao Keyi of Fulu Taoist and relevant researchers, investigates values and significance of ancient rituals in modern Zhaijiao Keyi, as well as explains research scope and overall framework of this paper. Chapter 2 shows that modern Zhaijiao is an extension of “blessing” implied in the principle of respecting the god and abiding to ancients. Chapter 3 expounds significance of Zhaijiao and evolutionary process of “Zhai first and Jiao later”. It also explains that it’s necessary to abide by precepts and deeply regret for previous mistakes before practicing Zhai and thus to be qualified to host Jiao ritual or show appreciation to the god. It also summarizes high-level Taoist priests and works that can be traced back to Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Song, Yuan, Ming, etc so as to prove extensive and important contents inherited by nowadays rituals. Chapter 4 implements a comparison to demonstrate current Zhaijiao Keyi, concepts and rites that are originated from ancient methods, and proposes concrete meanings by virtue of contents, purposes and significance stated by high-level Taoist priests of different generations. Chapter 5 is “conclusion”, which describes HH research results, generalizes ancient and modern Taoist rites introduced in preceding five chapters, and provides notable points and future prospects to persons engaging in Keyi and those in charge of Taoist temple constructing, repairing and directing
[[alternative]]The Pedagogical Grammar of the Chinese Modal Verb "Keyi"
No full text[[abstract]]本論文的目的在研究漢語能願動詞「可以」之教學語法。
第一章導論說明本論文研究緣起與研究目的。
第二、三章為理論分析部份，首先探討能願動詞「可以」的語義範圍與語義結構，整理出能願動詞「可以」可表達之語義有四：「表可能」、「表許可」、「表某種用途」、「表值得」，同時並與另一語義相近之能願動詞「能」做一比較，接著為「可以」整理出訂定教學語法規則時所應遵循的教學語法架構。
第四章為語料庫之分析，利用台灣師大「華語病句語料庫」之語料，整理分析華語學習者學習能願動詞「可以」各語義時的習得過程，並就學習者常犯錯誤做一分析。
第五章為教學語法部份，以上述各理論與分析為基礎與框架，嘗試提出「可以」的建議性教學排序與教學語法，並以整理之結果評比與檢視現有華語文教材對「可以」的處理方式。
第六章回顧所有論述，為總結與省思。
Simulation of Lightning Protection for Composite Civil Aircrafts
No full textAbstractLightning damage will be a hazard to composite aircrafts if they are not properly designed. In this paper, based the aircraft lightning protection theory, lightning zoning and its protection technology for a certain type of composite civil aircraft are studied utilizing EMA3D electromagnetic simulation software, which can provide relevant information for design and verification of lightning protection for civil aircrafts
Chenghai hua xu zhi dai ci "yi" de yu fa fen xi.
No full text文章討論了潮汕澄海話虛指的第三人稱"伊"的語法特點并進行澄海話、普通話和粤語蒙受結構的對比分析。第一部分描寫了澄海話三種虛指代詞"伊"的相關結構──"乞伊"結構、"佮伊"結構和"V伊R"結構的語法特點。"乞伊"結構和"佮伊"結構各可分為A、B兩類，兩種結構內部分別在動詞的選擇、"伊"的所指和"乞/佮"的隱現上表現出不同。兩種結構之間的主要差別則在於主語的題元角色及"乞/佮"的句法位置高低上。"V伊R"結構是"佮伊"結構的一種條件變體，主要用於表達祈使等語氣。文章第二部分分析了澄海話三種蒙受結構的生成機制。并進一步概括出"伊"的種類:從所指對象題元角色的角度可以分為兩類，一是施事或致事、二是蒙事；從所指對象位置的角度也可以分為兩類，一是所指在句中，二是所指在句外。以及"伊"的句法位置：一是，位於"中間層次"；二是，緊鄰輕動詞。文章第三部分嘗試以澄海話蒙受結構的分析方法為角度和基礎，分別分析普通話蒙受結構"V他O"和粤語蒙受結構"VR佢"。通過三種方言蒙受結構的對比分析，我們看到三種方言類型上的不同，也驗證了劉丹青（2001）、鄧思穎（2006）的分析：澄海閩南話是"最弱的SVO"，動詞傾向於留在原地；粤語是"最強的SVO"，動詞傾向於長距離移位；普通話是"溫和的SVO"，動詞移位但距離不長。This thesis discusses the syntax of the Chinese non-referential pronoun 伊 yi ‘it’ in Chenghai Southern Min in three different affective constructions: keyi 乞伊 construction, kaiyi 佮伊 construction and V伊R construction. After examining the syntactic and semantic properties of these three yi affective constructions, we figure out that firstly there are two types of keyi 乞伊 construction and two types kaiyi 佮伊 construction. Secondly keyi 乞伊 construction differs from kaiyi 佮伊 construction in theta-roles of the subject and the position of yi. Thirdly V伊R construction is a conditioned variant of keyi 乞伊 construction. The following part we explore the hierarchical order of these three yi affective constructions, and we employ high and middle applicatives to capture their syntactic and semantic idiosyncrasies. In this part yi is classified into two ways according to the property of the object it refers to. For example, in keyi 乞伊 construction, yi always refers to a causer or a agent, and in kaiyi 佮伊 construction, yi refers to an affectee. In both constructions, yi is situated in a middle position which close to light verbs. The last part of this paper compare the affective constructions of Chenghai Southern Min with affective constructions of Mandarin and Cantonese. The main differences among these three dialects match with the claim proposed by Liu(2001) and Tang(2006): Chenghai Southern Min is the weakest SVO construction in which verbs prefer to stay in situ; Cantonese is the strongest SVO construction in which verbs prefer to take long-distance movement; Mandarin is the moderate SVO construction in which verbs will move but won’t move far.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.金佳.Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-93).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Jin Jia
Pore-structure-enhanced electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate on Sn-based double-layer catalysts
No full textSn-based materials can be used as electrocatalysts for the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR), preferentially producing formate. Although some Sn-based catalysts with a high faradaic efficiency for formate have been reported, the sensitivity of CO2RR activity to the catalyst structure remains elusive. Herein, a correlation between CO2RR activity and the geometric configuration of Sn-based catalysts was discovered using both double-shell SnOx nanospheres with apertures of different sizes, and CO2RR simulations using a three-step mechanism model. The kinetics analysis and simulation results suggest that a high loading of intermediate CO2,ads is the key to achieving high CO2RR performance with production of formate in the potential range −0.89 V ~ −1.26 V (vs. RHE). This understanding led to the design of double-shell SnOx nanospheres with enclosed apertures to increase the mesoporosity of the structure and hence its CO2 adsorption capability. Such a mechanism-guided approach to the design of catalysts not only enables a deep understanding of the CO2RR kinetics, but also sets a clear direction for the design of catalysts for scaled CO2RR applications
Essays on corporate social responsibility
No full textThe topic of this dissertation is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with a focus on CSR disclosure and measurement. The dissertation consists of three chapters, including a literature review and two empirical studies on impression management in companies' CSR reports based on a dataset of CSR reports issued by U.S. companies between the year 2005 and 2018.
Chapter 1 is a literature review of CSR disclosure and measurement. The demand for reliable CSR data is rising rapidly, as investors increasingly use nonfinancial information as screening criteria when making investment decisions. However, critiques have arisen from both academia and the industry about CSR-rating products. Researchers, for example, have expressed concerns about the credibility of the measurements commonly used in research, such as KLD scores. This literature review aims to give users of CSR information an overview of publicly available data sources. It also investigates major products that provide CSR ratings for public companies and analyzes concerns expressed about those products. Finally, it summarizes the difficulties in constructing CSR performance scores and discusses the open questions in CSR disclosure and measurement and outlines potential directions for future research.
Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 test whether companies use images and linguistic features, respectively, for impression management purposes and the consequences of doing so. Chapter 2 is a study on the use of images in CSR reports. Prior research identifies images as a tool for corporate impression management. We examine (1) associations between CSR report image usage and motivations for impression management, (2) changes in CSR report image usage after controversial events, and (3) shareholder and award giver reactions to excessive image usage. We document that socially problematic industries exhibit higher image usage than others. We also document that firms who issue less extensive disclosure content or do not voluntarily commit to Global Initiative Reporting (GRI) guidelines in CSR reports tend to use more images. We find that firms with poorer ratings of CSR performance use more images in CSR reports and find some evidence indicating that firms increase image usage after controversial events. We find that excessive image usage is weakly associated with increased equity overvaluation and reduced shareholder activism, but no association with CSR awards. Overall, the evidence is consistent with companies strategically using images in CSR reports to enhance stakeholder perception of CSR engagement and performance. Such strategic usage has impacts on some audiences, though less than experimental evidence leads us to expect.
Chapter 3 is a study of the linguistic characteristics of CSR reports. Based on a classification of financial information disclosures as soft or hard, this study 1) uses linguistic features of CSR reports to proxy for hard and soft disclosure and to investigate whether companies strategically use the two types of information in CSR reports according to companies’ CSR performance, 2) examines the predictive power of the two types of information on future CSR performance, and 3) investigates the impacts of the information on decision-making. This study finds that companies adopt two strategies of communication. Those with low CSR strengths disclose less hard information, that is, numerical and specific information, and more soft “filler” language in their CSR reports. Those with high CSR concerns disclose more soft, forward-looking statements after controlling for government and media monitoring. What’s more, though forward-looking statements lack overall predictive power, those statements can better predict future performance when the CSR reports are assured. As for the consequences of the linguistic disclosure, hard information can weakly reduce shareholder activism and increase the likelihood of recognition via external awards. In contrast, boilerplate language does not benefit companies. Overall, the results suggest that the strategic use of linguistics in CSR reports does not significantly induce information users to make decisions in favor of the companies.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
The Impact of Caregiver's Usage of Internet on Teenager's Cognitive Skills
No full textIn the digital age, internet becomes an important source of information gathering and maintains network of human social contact. In this paper, we use micro data from CFPS to examines the effects of guardian's choice of using internet on teenager's cognitive skills. Using fixed effect model and instrumental variable model, we find that guardian's internet usage has a sizable and significant positive effect on teenager's cognitive ability measured by math and verbal test scores. Further exploration of mechanism shows that internet usage affects cognitive skills through direct channels (increasing learning resources) and indirect channels (improving parenting skills). Heterogeneous analysis shows that the impact is stronger for guardians in rural areas and less-educated guardians. The result suggests that promoting internet for the less educated family in rural areas can potentially improve children's academic performance and decrease inequality transmitted across generation.隨著數字經濟的發展，互聯網成为重要的收集信息和構建社交網絡的渠道。在本文中，我們使用CFPS的微觀數據來檢驗監護人使用互聯網的情况對青少年認知的影響。使用基站密度和移動互聯網用户數量作为工具變量，我們的研究結果表明，監護人的互聯網使用對青少年的認知能力有顯著的積極影響。文中的認知能力通過數學和語言測試來衡量。對機制的進一步探索表明，監護人使用互聯網，增加了孩子教育投資，改善了監護人的教育理念，進而來影響青少年認知。异質性分析表明，農村地區的監護人或受教育水平較低的監護人受到的影響更大。結果表明，鼓勵農村地區受教育程度較低的家庭使用互聯網可以潜在地提高孩子的學業表現進而减少代際傳遞的不平等。GUO, Keyi.M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2021.Includes bibliographical references (leaves )Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on ...
Performing Piano Works Inspired by Folk Dances: “Wu Kui” and “My Spirit Is Dancing”
No full textThe piano work "Wu Kui" (1983) was composed by Chinese composer Zhou Long, inspired by the Manchu folk dance "Da Wu Kui," and "My Spirit is Dancing for Solo Piano" (2010) was composed by Malaysian composer Yii Kah Hoe, inspired by the Balinese baris dance. Both piano works are based on folk dances and use Western compositional techniques to innovate the language of folk music. The author takes these two piano works inspired by folk dances and analyses the performance difficulties of these two to enable the performer to better interpret the piano works and make the performance more convincing
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