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Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19
Get PDFCOVID-19 disease is a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, labelled as SARS-CoV-2.
Currently, more than 100 million women are pregnant with more than 100 million fetuses
worldwide, virtually all of whom are at risk for COVID-19. Pregnant women are somewhat
immunosuppressed and thus may be at higher risk from developing severe disease from COVID-19,
in particular pneumonia and respiratory failure. Early data from a meta-analysis of 41 pregnant
women with COVID-19 shows that they have a higher risk of miscarriage, preterm birth,
preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery, particularly if they are hospitalized with pneumonia.1 Their
babies are at higher risk of stillbirth (2.4%, 1/41 so far), neonatal death (2.4%, 1/41) and admission
to the intensive care unit.1 Asymptomatic women and women with mild disease have fewer
complications. General guidance regarding prevention and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy
has been published.2-5 Regarding outpatient prenatal care, maternal-fetal medicine guidance for
COVD-19 has been recently published.6 It is currently estimated that over one-third and up to twothirds
of the world population may be infected with COVID-19.7 Many of the 145 million annual
births in the world are at risk, including the about 400,000 which give birth daily. This document
addresses the current COVID-19 pandemic for providers and patients in labor and delivery (L&D).
The goals are to:
● Provide guidance regarding methods to appropriately screen and test pregnant patients for
COVID-19 prior to, and at admission to L&D,
● Reduce risk of maternal and neonatal COVID-19 disease through minimizing hospital
contact and appropriate isolation,
● Provide specific guidance for management of L&D of the COVID-19 positive woman, as
well as the critically-ill COVID-19 positive woman.
The first 5 sections deal with L&D issues in general, for all women, during the COVID-19
pandemic. These include: Section 1: Appropriate screening, testing and preparation of pregnant
women for COVID-19 before visit and/or admission to L&D; Section 2: Screening of patients
coming to L&D triage; Section 3: General Changes to Routine L&D Work Flow; Section 4: Intrapartum care; Section 5: Postpartum care. Section 6 deals with special care for the COVID-19
positive or suspected pregnant woman in L&D. Section 7 deals with the COVID-19
positive/suspected woman who is critically-ill
Toxic and Essential Metals Accumulation in the Placenta and Fetal Membrane: Understanding Preterm Birth Risk in a North Carolina Cohort
No full textInfants who are born prematurely (<37 weeks’ gestation) are at risk for both neonatal and later-in-life health complications. Of concern, preterm birth (PTB) is the principal cause of childhood mortality under 5 years of age. The exact etiology of PTB is still poorly understood, but genetic, environmental, and demographic risk factors have all been identified. Among these threats, there is growing information that prenatal exposure to metals – both toxic and essential – may play an important role in preterm birth outcomes. In the present study, we set out to analyze the metal/metalloid profiles of placental and fetal membrane tissue belonging to a cohort of 125 pregnant women recruited from obstetric clinics in North Carolina. A total of seven metals, both toxic and essential, were assessed in this study in relation to PTB. Our two-part hypothesis was that first, elevated levels of the toxic metals arsenic, lead, cadmium, or mercury would be associated with PTB and that second, lower levels of essential metals including selenium, manganese, and zinc would be associated with PTB. Our analysis revealed a wide distribution of toxic and essential metals in the placenta and fetal membrane. Higher levels of toxic metals were not found to be associated with PTB outcomes, with the exception of Cd in fetal membrane tissue. These results contribute to the limited pool of research exploring toxic metals exposure and PTB and can be used to inform future work and public health messaging going forward.Master of Science in Public Healt
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Variations in Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxide, and Detoxification Genes, Interactions with Maternal Smoking, and Associations with Preeclampsia: A Mother-Child Dyad Analysis
Get PDFPreeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication with limited treatment. Etiology is hypothesized to originate during placentation, and may have both maternal and fetal contributions. There is a well-established enigmatic inverse relationship between maternal smoking and preeclampsia. A plausible biological explanation for this relationship is through response to cigarette smoke components, via vasodilation or activation of smoking detoxification pathways. Examining genes in these pathways and their modification by smoking, while incorporating maternal and child genetic contributions, could provide support for a genetic or related biological mechanism. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Norwegian Mother and Child Birth Cohort of 1,545 case-pairs and 995 control-pairs from 2,540 validated dyads (2,011 complete pairs, 529 missing mother or child genotype). For aim 1, we selected 1,518 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nitric oxide and carbon monoxide signaling pathways. For aim 2, we analyzed these and 397 additional SNPs in smoking detoxification pathways for their modification by maternal smoking during placentation. We used log-linear Poisson regression models and likelihood ratio tests to assess maternal and child effects and included a SNP by smoking interaction term to assess maternal and child genotype-smoking interactions. The child variant, rs12547243 in adenylate cyclase 8 (ADCY8), was associated with an increased risk (RR=1.42 [95% CI: 1.20, 1.69] for AG vs GG, RR=2.14 [1.47, 3.11] for AA vs GG, Q=0.03). We also found suggestive associations of SNPs in PDE1C for preeclampsia sub-phenotypes. We found limited evidence for multiplicative SNP by smoking interaction after correction for multiple comparisons. This study uses a novel approach to disentangle maternal and child genotypic effects of smoking-related genes on preeclampsia. Our findings do not provide strong support that the inverse smoking-preeclampsia relationship is due to a genetic effect in these pathways, although our power was limited due to the low prevalence of smoking in this population. Dyad methods and gene-environment interaction analysis may be useful for the study of pregnancy outcomes, particularly preeclampsia. Larger populations, such as multi-cohort consortia combined with these evolving methods may be necessary to dissect this enigmatic association.Doctor of Philosoph
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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