24 research outputs found
Tatari, tautoko, tauawhi - Hei awhina tamariki ki te panui pukapuka: Some preliminary findings
No full textThe Tatari, Tautoko, Tauawhi reading tutoring procedures have been adapted from the procedures known as Pause, Prompt, Praise, first developed in Mangere in 1977. The first author offered the procedures as a koha at a Special Education Service hui at Poho o Rawiri in 1991. The second author took up the koha and obtained the support of kaumatua and kuia at Hairini marae Tauranga Moana, and the support of senior Maori staff of the Special Education Service National Office to produce a Maori language video and training booklet. This began an important bicultural journey through the processes of producing instructional materials and trailing and evaluating them in ways that are biculturally appropriate. This paper reports on that journey and presents some preliminary data on the implementation of Tatari, Tautoko, Tauawhi by seven tuakana - teina pairs in a bi-lingual classroom
Measurement of photo-neutron cross sections and isomeric yield ratios in the 89Y(γ,xn)89−xY reactions at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV
No full textAbstract
The flux-weighted average cross sections of the 89Y(γ,xn; x=1–4)89−x
Y reactions and the isomeric yield ratios of the 87m,gY, 86m,gY, and 85m,gY radionuclides produced in these reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV have been determined by an activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique using the 100 MeV electron linac in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The theoretical 89Y(γ,xn; x=1–4)89−x
Y reactioncross sections for mono-energetic photonshave been calculated using the computer code TALYS 1.6. Then the flux-weighted theoretical values were obtaind to compare with the present data. The flux-weighted experimental and theoretical 89Y(γ,xn; x=1–4)89−x
Y reaction cross sections increase very fast from the threshold values to a certain bremsstrahlung energy, wherethe other reaction channels open up. Thereafter it remains constant a while and then slowly decreases with the increase of cross sections for other reactions. Similarly, the isomeric yield ratios of 87m,gY,86m,gY and 85m,gY in the 89Y(γ,xn; x=2–4)89−x
Y reactions from the present work and literature data show an increasing trend from their respective threshold values to a certain bremsstrahlung energy. After a certain point ofenergy, the isomeric yield ratios increase slowly with the bremsstrahlung energy. These observations indicate the role of excitation energy and its partitioning in different reaction channels.</jats:p
Responsive socio-cultural contexts: Supporting five year olds to become literate in a second language.
No full textLearning one's own indigenous language and culture as a second language learner within formal mainstream education settings can pose many challenges, especially for students who have been raised in the dominant first language and who are just beginning school. This paper discusses a Māori language resource used by a Māori immersion teacher to respond to these challenges. This resource utilises community support to develop students' phonological awareness while simultaneously increasing their oral language. This study shows that within a relatively short period of time, students' phonological knowledge improved along with their confidence and ability to speak in Māori. With these skills they were then able to progress more successfully to becoming literate in Māori, their second language
Building Site Management of the Statistics Estonia's Office Building at Tatari 51
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö eesmärgiks oli lahendada Tatari 51 asuva Statistikaameti büroohoone ehituse organiseerimine. Tööde planeerimisel on aluseks võetud hoone arhitektuurne põhiprojekt ja konstruktiivne tööprojekt, mille on koostanud Nord Projekt OÜ ja Inseneribüroo Pluss. Lisaks on kasutatud EKE NORA ühkihinna ja ajanormi andmebaasi, konsultantide seisukohti ning tehnoloogia-alast kirjandust. Lõputöös on toodud välja hoone arhitektuurne iseloomustus ja konstruktsioonide kirjeldus. Põhjalikumalt on autor käsitlenud tüüpkorruse karkassi montaažitöid ja korruste põrandate tasandusvalude tehnoloogiat ning nende töölõikude organiseerimist. Mõlema tehnoloogiakaardi koostamisel on autor keskendunud talvetingimustes betoneerimisele ning leidnud optimaalseima lahenduse nende töölõikude teostamisele. Koostatud on hoone kohta põhjalik ehitustööde mahutabel ja hoone eelarveline maksumus, milleks kujunes 4 555 180,37 €. Lisaks on välja toodud ehituse organiseerimise maksumus, mis on 4,35% eelarvelisest kogumaksumusest ehk 198 284,07 €. Kasutades EKE NORA ajanormide baasi, on saadud ehitusmahtude põhjal tööde kestvused, millest tulenevalt on määratud tööbrigaadide suurused. Saadud tulemuste põhjal on koostatud kogu hoone ehitusprotsessi kestvus, milleks saadi 267 tööpäeva. Samuti kajastub kalendergraafikus maksimaalne tööliste arv objektil, milleks on 57 töölist. Ajagraafiku planeerimisel on lähtutud erinevate tööliikide seostest ning ressursivajaduse omavahelise tasakaalu põhimõttest. Töös on lahendatud ehitusplatsi põhimõtteline korraldus, mis kajastub ehituse generaalplaanil. Määratud on ehituslinnaku suurus ning selle paiknemine. Tööde teostamiseks ja ehitusplatsi toimimiseks on arvutatud välja elektrienergia vajadus. Lisaks on generaalplaanile märgitud piirdeaedade paiknemine, objekti üldvalgustuse asukohad, statsionaarse tornkraana paiknemine ning montaažitööde teostamiseks vajalik liiklusskeem. Kõikide põhjalikumalt käsitletud tööliikide kohta on autor toonud välja tööde teostamise juurde kuuluvad ohutusnõuded.The objective of the current thesis was to organize the construction activities of the office building of Statistics Estonia, which is located at Tatari 51. In order to organize the construction activities, the author has used the building’s main architectural project and constructive work project, which have been compiled by Nord Projekt OÜ and Inseneribüroo Pluss. In addition, the author has used EKE NORA normative base for work duration and cost, the opinions of the consultants and technology-related literature. The thesis includes the architectural characteristics of the building and the descriptions of the constructions. The installation works of the typical floor’s supporting structures, the technology of the floors’ concrete works and organizing the work process are discussed in more detail. While focusing on these issues, the author has also concentrated on concreting in winter conditions and found the best way to complete these tasks. The author has compiled a detailed table describing the construction works and the estimated cost of the building, which turned out to be 4 555 180,37€. In addition, the cost of organizing the construction activities has been established to be 4,35% or 198 284,07€ of the building’s estimated full cost. By using the EKE NORA normative base for work duration, the author has established the general schedule of construction operations and the sizes of the working teams. Based on these results, the duration of the full construction process is 267 working days. The composed schedule shows that the maximum number of workers needed on the site is 57. The balance between the different types of work and the necessity for resources was considered while planning the time schedule. The thesis includes a general plan of the construction site, which determines its size and location. In addition, the author has calculated the amount of electricity that is needed for the construction activities. The general plan also shows the placements of construction fences, the locations of general lighting, the position of the stationary tower crane and the traffic scheme on the site
Investigation of the Effect of Proton Energy on the Depth-dose Distribution in the Proton Therapy of the Eye Tumor Using MCNPX Code
No full textIntroduction: Depth-dose distribution curve of protons in the matter has a maximum is called Bragg peak. Bragg peak of a monoenergetic proton beam is too narrow. The spread out Bragg peak should be created for full coverage of the tumor. The spread out Bragg peak is obtained in the depth of the tumor with superposition of the several Bragg peaks. The aim of this study was coverage of an eye tumor in the proton therapy while healthy eye tissue absorbs less radiation.
Methods: In this analytical study, the simulations were performed using MCNPX code. A tumor in the eye phantom was considered. The eye phantom has been irradiated with different proton beam energy. A Polystyrene modulator wheel was used for creating the spread out Bragg peak in the tumor region.
Results: Bragg peaks were created in different depths of the tumor, by varying the proton beam energies from 20 MeV to 38 MeV. Bragg peak of the 32.85 MeV proton beam energy was precisely placed at the end of the tumor. Different pristine Bragg peaks were produced using a Polystyrene modulator wheel with different thicknesses and 32.85 MeV proton beam energy. The spread out Bragg peak was created in the tumor region by modulation of the pristine Bragg peaks. Neutrons and photons are produced by the inelastic nuclear interactions of protons with the nuclei of different tissues of eyes. The flux and absorbed dose of secondary neutrons and photons were considerably small compared to the depth-dose distribution of protons and the total absorbed dose in the tumor was more than other tissues of eyes.
Conclusion: Using a modulator wheel the tumor can be treated, so that the minimal damage reaches the surrounding tissues. The results show that more than 92% of the total dose of secondary particles and protons is absorbed in the tumor
Left in the Dark:Sharing Death with Jean-Luc Nancy
No full textNancy is predominantly a thinker of life in all its forms and expressions. For him, to be, to exist, is always a question of being alive in the most vivacious, intense and restless way, i.e. to be in a relentless relation of exchange with one’s environment and with others. Apart from being a central theme in Nancy’s work, this vivid relationality is also a distinctive feature of his mode of writing. Nancy’s death therefore poses a fundamental challenge to his own thinking and writing. For how to relate oneself to a dead author? How to form a community with the dead? How to share the absence of life, of this specific life: how to share the death of Nancy? In this commemorative essay, Aukje van Rooden investigates these questions in an attempt to make sense of Nancy’s passing
Measurement of cross sections and isomeric yield ratios for
No full textThe flux weighted average cross sections and the isomeric yield ratios of 110m, gIn, 111m, gIn and 112m, gIn in the natIn(,xn) 112-110In reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV have been determined by activation and off-line -ray spectrometric technique using the 100 MeV electron linac at Pohang accelerator laboratory, Korea. It was found that the natIn(,xn) 112-110In reaction cross sections increase very fast from the threshold energy to a certain value of the bremsstrahlung energy, where the other reaction channel opens. After a certain energy, it remains constant because the cross section of the other reaction channel starts to increase. This indicates the partition of the excitation energy in different reaction channles. The isomeric yield ratios of 110m, gIn, 111m, gIn and 112m, gIn in the natIn(,xn) reactions decrease very fast with the bemsstrahlung end-point energy from the threshold value to 15-30 MeV due to the giant dipole resonance (GDR) effect. Above that, the isomeric yield ratios increase slowly with the bremsstrahlung energy due to the increase of excitation energy
Effects of the Modulator Wheel and Range Compensator Wheel for 3-Dimentional Coverage Target in the Proton Therapy of the Brain Tumors Using Geant4 Code
No full textMeasurement of photo-neutron cross sections and isomeric yield ratios in the Y-89(gamma,xn)Y89-x reactions at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV
No full textThe flux-weighted average cross sections of the Y-89(gamma,xn; x = 1- 4)Y-89 x reactions and the isomeric yield ratios of the Y-87m,Y-g, Y-86m,Y-g, and (85m,)gY radionuclides produced in these reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV have been determined by an activation and off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique using the 100 MeV electron linac in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The theoretical Y-89(gamma, xn; x = 1-4)Y89-x reactioncross sections for mono- energetic photonshave been calculated using the computer code TALYS 1.6. Then the flux- weighted theoretical values were obtaind to compare with the present data. The flux- weighted experimental and theoretical (89Y)(gamma,xn; x =1-4)Y89-x reaction cross sections increase very fast from the threshold values to a certain bremsstrahlung energy, wherethe other reaction channels open up. Thereafter it remains constant a while and then slowly decreases with the increase of cross sections for other reactions. Similarly, the isomeric yield ratios of Y-87m,Y-g, Y-86m,Y-g and Y-85m,Y- in the Y-89(gamma,xn; x =2-4)Y89-x reactions from the present work and literature data show an increasing trend from their respective threshold values to a certain bremsstrahlung energy. After a certain point ofenergy, the isomeric yield ratios increase slowly with the bremsstrahlung energy. These observations indicate therole of excitation energy and its partitioning in different reaction channels.111sciescopu
Measurement of photo-neutron cross-sections of 89Y with bremsstrahlung energies of 45 and 55 MeV
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