190,582 research outputs found
Effects of sodium n-dipropylacetate, muscimol hydrobromide and (R,S) nipecotic acid amide on isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice
No full textAn inhibitor of GABA-T (sodium n-dipropylacetate), a GABA agonist (muscimol hydrobromide) and an inhibitor of GABA uptake (R,S) nipecotic acid amide were administered to DBA/2 isolated aggressive mice throughout three successive daily experimental sessions. Aggressive responses, measured by an automated device, were inhibited by the highest doses of the three drugs in each daily session. At the lowest doses, sodium n-dipropylacetate and nipecotic acid amide failed to inhibit aggression in the first session while they were effective in the subsequent sessions. Muscimol was effective in the first session but did not differ significantly from saline in the second and third session. The highest doses of these three drugs did not affect spontaneous motor activity, indicating that the observed drug effects are rather specific
When the social context frames the case: Counterfactuals in the courtroom
No full textAfter starting the chapter with a brief survey of studies showing the links between counterfactual thinking and responsibility attribution in the judicial context, we focus our attention on studies investigating the so-called exceptionality effect; namely, how counterfactual mutability may be constrained by abnormality in the sense of violation of intrapersonal norms. We then devote the major part of the chapter to the two categories of psychosocial constraints envisaged by our Social Context Model of Counterfactual Constraints. First, we present recent research results supporting the existence and the strength of a nonconformity effect, according to which, under given circumstances, people would be especially inclined to focus counterfactuals on actors’ behaviors that do not conform to social norms. Then, our attention shifts from the context of the event to the context in which the event is reconstructed. We offer empirical evidence of how role-related expectations and aims of people reconstructing the event may affect counterfactual mutability. In the final discussion, we suggest that the Social Context Model of Counterfactual Constraints might be usefully extended from the judicial context to other real-life contexts in which counterfactual thinking is widely employed
Leonard Mandel Symposium
No full textImmediately following the Eighth Rochester Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics, a symposium was held at the University of Rochester on Saturday the 16th of June 2001 in celebration of the life and career of Leonard Mandel. In the symposium, presentations were made by several of Professor Mandel’s former Ph. D. students. Here are the manuscripts that followed from these talks
Dose-response relationship between serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
No full textWe systematically evaluated studies published through May 2014 in which investigators assessed the dose-response relationship between serum levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM), and we investigated the extent and sources of interstudy heterogeneity. The dose-response relationship between serum TCDD and DM across studies was examined using 2 dependent variables: an exposure level-specific proportion of persons with DM and a corresponding natural log-transformed ratio measure of the association between TCDD and DM. Regression slopes for each dependent variable were obtained for each study and included in a random-effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the influence of inclusion and exclusion decisions, and sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression models and a series of subanalyses. None of the summary estimates in the main models or in the sensitivity analyses indicated a statistically significant association. We found a pronounced dichotomy: a positive dose-response in cross-sectional studies of populations with low-level TCDD exposures (serum concentrations <10 pg/g lipid) and heterogeneous, but on balance null, results for prospective studies of persons with high prediagnosis TCDD body burdens. Considering the discrepancy of results for low current versus high past TCDD levels, the available data do not indicate that increasing TCDD exposure is associated with an increased risk of DM. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Mandel (Arnold) Le Messie est en retard
No full textBensimon Doris. Mandel (Arnold) Le Messie est en retard. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°67/2, 1989. p. 306
Influence of channel mixing in fermionic Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments
No full textWe consider an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the integer quantum Hall regime, where the colliding electronic states are generated by applying voltage pulses (creating for instance levitons) to ohmic contacts. The aim of this work is to investigate possible mechanisms leading to a reduced visibility of the Pauli dip, i.e., the noise suppression expected for synchronized sources. It is known that electron-electron interactions cannot account for this effect and always lead to a full suppression of the Hong-Ou-Mandel noise. Focusing on the case of filling factor ?=2, we show instead that a reduced visibility of the Pauli dip can result from mixing of the copropagating edge channels, arising from tunneling events between them
Effects of n-di-propylacetate on aggressive behavior and brain GABA level in isolated mice.
No full textn-di-Propylacetate (nDPA, valproate) a GABA-T inhibitor, injected IP at the dose of 300 mg/kg antagonized agonistic behavior of isolated DBA/2 mice in a time-dependent fashion in parallel to an increase of GABA levels in olfactory bulb, striatum, posterior colliculus and septum. After 75 min, aggressive responses were higher than those after 15 to 45 min and significantly lower in comparison with those of saline injected mice. After 120 min aggressive behavior was not different from that of control mice. The concentration of GABA in the striatum and olfactory bulb returned to control value 75 and 120 min after drug administration, respectively. After 120 min GABA levels in posterior colliculus and septum were lower than those after 15 to 75 min, although significantly higher in comparison with those of saline injected mice. The results are discussed in terms of the possible involvement of olfactory bulb and striatum in GABA-mediated control of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice
A critical review of the epidemiology of Agent Orange or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and lymphoid malignancies
No full textPurpose: Establishing a causal relationship between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) and risk of specific lymphoid cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and multiple myeloma (MM), would be useful for risk assessment. Methods: This article systematically and critically reviews epidemiologic studies of the association between exposure to TCDD or TCDD-contaminated herbicides and risk of lymphoid malignancies. These include studies of military, industrial, accidental environmental, and general environmental exposure to Agent Orange or TCDD. Results: Collectively, the epidemiologic evidence from industrial cohorts suggests a positive association with NHL mortality, but results are not consistent across other studies, a clear exposure-response gradient is not evident, and data are insufficient to conclude that the association is causal. Furthermore, available studies provide little information on NHL incidence or specific NHL subtypes. Epidemiologic studies do not show an association of TCDD exposure with HL, whereas the indication of a positive association with MM in a limited number of studies, but not others, remains to be confirmed in additional research. Exposure classification error and small numbers are important limitations of the available epidemiologic studies. Conclusions: Overall, a causal effect of TCDD on NHL, HL, MM, or subtypes of these lymphoid malignancies has not been established. © 2015 Elsevier Inc
A mortality study of workers exposed to insoluble forms of beryllium
No full textThis study investigated lung cancer and other diseases related to insoluble beryllium compounds. A cohort of 4950 workers from four US insoluble beryllium manufacturing facilities were followed through 2009. Expected deaths were calculated using local and national rates. On the basis of local rates, all-cause mortality was significantly reduced. Mortality from lung cancer (standardized mortality ratio 96.0; 95% confidence interval 80.0, 114.3) and from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was also reduced. There were no significant trends for either cause of death according to duration of employment or time since first employment. Uterine cancer among women was the only cause of death with a significantly increased standardized mortality ratio. Five of the seven women worked in office jobs. This study confirmed the lack of an increase in mortality from lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases related to insoluble beryllium compounds. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Effects of opiate antagonists on social and aggressive behavior of isolated mice
No full textOpiate antagonists naloxone (1 and 1.5 mg/kg IP) and naltrexone (2.5 and 5 mg/kg IP) inhibit aggressive responses of DBA/2 isolated mice, while increasing the duration of some social activities such as sniff-body, sniff-nose, and following. At the doses employed naloxone and naltrexone did not affect motor activity and self-grooming of paired mice. These findings are discussed in terms of the endogeneous opioids system involvement in arousability, in the response of the organism to stressful events, in the motivational mechanisms which control social behavior and in the functioning of some neurotransmitter systems which are known to play an important role in the control of isolation-induced aggressive behavior
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