1,721,079 research outputs found
Organizational determinants in the procurement and transplantation pathway: A review
No full textMethods: A thorough search has been conducted using various databases, ie, Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, Federico II University Open Archive. The evidence was considered following the Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group checklist. Prevalent organizational attitudes and areas were assessed, and various scenarios were analyzed. Initially, all titles and abstracts were screened. In the next phase, the full text of all abstracts considered potentially relevant by at least one of the reviewers was evaluated. Inconsistencies in decision-making within this second phase were solved based on consensus between both reviewers. In this phase, for every study we defined whether the organization was considered relevant and what the scenario was. The information was extracted from each study based on bibliographic details (author, journal, year of publication, and language). As many as 1,071 studies were analyzed, and 81 were selected as potentially relevant.
Results: We found three prevalent areas of interest focused on organizational elements: global organizational strategies scenario, clinical hospital organization, and citizenship and social scenario.
Conclusion: We reached the conclusion that organization has a central role in different scenarios of procurement and transplantation in a continuum from government to hospital (the core of the system) and finally among citizens. A standardized hospital pathway definitely remains the essential step in order to ameliorate either procurement or transplantation.
Introduction: The growing disparity between organ availability for transplantation and the number of patients in need has challenged the donation and transplantation community to develop innovative processes, ideas, and techniques to bridge this gap. Advances in the sharing of best practices in the donation community have contributed greatly to this aim over the past 5 years. Studies published during the past five years (2010–2014) were analyzed to gain insight on the evolving organizational areas and tools that the procurement and transplantation pathways have been focused on. The hypothesis assessed is that networking and efficacious handling of this complex path may be ameliorated by an adaptive organizational toolbo
Deflation by expenditure components: a harmless adjustment?
No full textWe investigate the effect that seemingly minor features of the implementation of cost-of-living adjustments have on the distribution of household expenditures, by developing an analytical framework that is consistent with standard consumer theory, and mindful of data limitations faced by practitioners. The main result is at odds with common sense: even when multiple price indices are available (e.g., a food and a non-food CPI), it turns out that using a single price index (e.g., the total CPI), to adjust the consumption aggregate is recommended. The practice of adjusting sub-components of consumption separately (food with a food index, non-food with a non-food index) can lead to a systematic bias in the welfare measure, and consequently in poverty and inequality measures. Using Iran’s 2019 Household Expenditures and Income Survey, we find that the bias manifests as a systematic underestimation of urban poverty, and overestimation of rural poverty
Amphetamine and the “bath salt” 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) alter accuracy of memory for emotional arousing experiences in rats
No full textDrugs of abuse have long been recognized to affect memory function. However, the mechanisms by which these substances affect the accuracy of memory processes are not well investigated. To this aim, we tested the effects of the psychostimulants Amphetamine and the “bath salt” 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in an inhibitory avoidance discrimination task. Male Sprague Dawley rats (350-370 g) were trained and tested in different inhibitory avoidance apparatuses. During training rats were placed into the light compartment of a first inhibitory avoidance (Non-Shock box) and they were allowed to cross to the dark compartment of the apparatus. Then, after a 1-min delay, they were placed into the light compartment of a second, contextually distinct, inhibitory avoidance apparatus (Shock box), and they received footshock upon entering the dark compartment. Amphetamine (1-3 mg/Kg), MDPV (0.5–1 mg/Kg) or saline were systemically administered immediately after training. On the 48-h retention test, rats were tested, in a randomized order, in the Shock box and Non-Shock box as well as in a Novel box. Saline-treated rats had similar retention latencies in the Shock and Non-Shock boxes, indicating lack of discrimination. However, latencies in the Shock and Non- Shock boxes were both significantly longer than those in the Novel box, indicating that rats recognized the two training contexts. Amphetamine (3 mg/kg) administration increased retention latencies in the Shock box indicating an increase in memory strength. However, retention latencies in both safe environments, i.e., Non-Shock and Novel boxes, were also longer, indicating also an increased generalization. MDPV did not affect retention latencies in the Shock box, indicating a lack of memory enhancement, but it (1 mg/Kg) increased retention latencies in the Novel box. Amphetamine and MDPV had differential effects on memory strength, but both drugs increased generalization of memory for emotional training. It is tentative to hypothesize that the different effects on memory strength versus generalization induced by the two psychostimulant drugs could be due to differences in the modulation of the monoaminergic neurotransmissions, in the recruitment of different brain areas or in the interaction with the stress response systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Veicoli autonomi e intelligenza artificiale: il ruolo degli attori sociali nel processo innovativo
No full textIl saggio evidenzia il ruolo di diversi attori sociali nel processo di affermazione della guida autonoma, una delle applicazioni più avanzate dell'IA che influenza dimensioni sociali, etiche e ambientali. Analizzando le percezioni pubbliche, in particolare in Italia, il saggio sottolinea la necessità di comprendere come cittadini, politici e attori industriali interagiscano in questo campo in evoluzione. Basandosi sugli studi di Scienza, Tecnologia e Società (STS), il lavoro sottolinea l'importanza di considerare le influenze sociali nello sviluppo della mobilità guidata dall'IA
Veicoli a guida autonoma. Opportunità, sfide e prospettive future di una tecnologia per una mobilità sicura, efficiente e sostenibile
No full textIl volume nasce dal progetto di ricerca finanziato dall'Università di Ferrara, dedicato a esplorare il futuro della mobilità automatizzata e il ruolo dell’intelligenza artificiale (IA). La guida autonoma, una delle applicazioni più avanzate dell’IA, solleva questioni tecniche, sociali, etiche e politiche. Il volume adotta un approccio interdisciplinare che combina tecnologia, filosofia, scienze sociali e politiche pubbliche, per offrire soluzioni innovative alle sfide poste dalla mobilità autonoma. Attraverso contributi multidisciplinari, il volume fornisce una visione integrata delle opportunità e dei limiti dell’IA, con implicazioni per accademici, professionisti e decisori politici
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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