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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA SPONS Haliclona sp. YANG DIPEROLEH DARI TELUK MANADO
Get PDFAKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA SPONS Haliclona sp. YANG DIPEROLEH DARI TELUK MANADO FridlyManawan1), Defny Silvia Wewengkang1), Frenly Wehantouw1) 1) Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115   ABSTRACT  Sponge is a component of a coral reef organisms that have bioactive potential has not been widely used. The aims of this study were to determine antibacterial inhibition of extracts and fractions Haliclonasp sponges against Staphylococcusaureus and Escherichiacoli,and to characterize compounds that possess the greatest inhibition between extracts or fractions of Haliclonasp. sponge. Samples was extracted by maceration and fractionation using hexane, chloroform, ethanol and methanol. Antibacterial activity performed by the agar diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer). Best extracts or fractions were characterized usingUV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR and Mayer. The result shows that ethanol crude extract, chloroform fraction, and methanol fraction effectively inhibit the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and chloroform fraction and methanol fraction effectively inhibit Escherichia coli, extracts and fractions categorized strong based on the criteria of Davis and Stout. Methanol fraction with the greatest antibacterial  contain major functional group such as N-H, C-H, C-O and C=O allegedly contain alkaloid that are potentially as antibacterial. Keywords. Haliclona sp. sponges, Antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli   ABSTRAK  Spons merupakan salah satu komponen biota penyusun terumbu karang yang mempunyai potensi bioaktif yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan daya hambat antibakteri ekstrak dan fraksi spons Haliclona sp. terhadap bakteri staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dan menentukan karakteristik senyawaekstrak dan fraksi spons Haliclona spyang memiliki daya hambat paling besar. Sampel diekstraksi secara maserasi dan fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, fraksi heksan, fraksi kloroform dan fraksi metanol. Aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar (Kirby and Bauer). Ekstrak atau fraksi terbaik dikarakterisasi menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis, FTIRdanpereaksi Mayer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar etanol, fraksi kloroform dan fraksi Metanol efektif menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan fraksi kloroform dan fraksi metanol efektif menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli, ekstrakdanfraksidikategorikankuatberdasarkankriteria Davis dan Stout. Fraksimetanoldengandayahambatantibakteri paling besardengan gugus utama N-H, C-H, C-O, C=Odidugamengandung alkaloid yang berpotensisebagaiantibakteri.  Kata kunci. Spons Haliclona sp., Aktivitas antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli    Â
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN BIAYA RIIL PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA PESERTA JKN NON-PBI DENGAN TARIF INA-CBG’s DI RSUP PROF DR KANDOU MANADO
Get PDFNumber of cancer incident in Indonesia exactly in second place that adsorbs state expenditure after hemodialysis included breast cancer. This study aims to find out the suitability of real cost and tariff INA-CBG’s the breast cancer inpatient whom became a member of National Health Insurance (JKN) Non-PBI breast cancer inpatient in RSUP Prof Kandou Manado. The research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data retrospectively collected from medical record inpatient whom registered as a member of National Health Insurance (JKN) Non-PBI during September 2017-August 2018 period and from financial department of RSUP Prof Kandou Manado. Calculating the difference in total real costs with the total tariff of INA-CBG's package in JKN Non-PBI inpatients for breast cancer. The result of the study showed that the cost difference between total real cost and total tariff INA-CBG’s package in chemotherapy patient with C-14-3 code was Rp. 374.645.738, treatment in breast procedure with L-1-50 code was Rp. 496.325.510, and treatment for breast tumor with L-4-11 code was Rp. 294.784.926. The difference value between the real cost and tariff INA-CBG’s package was Rp. 1.165.756.174 for 130 breast cancer patient
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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