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The Role of Estonian Community Settings for Achieving Independent Living for Persons with Disabilities in Eastern European Countries
No full textThis article is dedicated to analysing the implementation of Article 19 (paragraphs ‘b’ and ‘c’) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (hereby: the CRPD) in community settings in Estonia and how Estonian experiences can shift the development of independent living and deinstitutionalization in other non-European Union member countries of Eastern Europe. In this regard, this article depicts the details of independent living for persons with mental health problems according to the UN CRPD Committee. Furthermore, the introduction of Maarja Küla (village) SA and its role in providing independent living has been highlighted as well. Finally, the primary obstacles in Eastern European countries ahead of establishing an independent living as well as solutions for the implementation of Article 19 are underlined, and as an author, I have emphasized how to foster deinstitutionalization in the conclusion.
In most congregated community settings where organizational management techniques have relied on the medical model of disability rather than the social model of disability, inhabitants suffer from legal incapacitation in most cases. These community settings had been established before the adoption of the CRPD, but gradually have been developed and adjusted to the fundamental principles of the Convention. In my view, a human rights approach has been emerging in such places, though the UN CRPD Committee has urged to rectify management methods and to promote the social model of disability.
This research paper also aims to describe the current situation in community settings that has arisen following the pandemic and to find out scientific and practical solutions to abolish the remaining elements of the medical model of disability and to substitute the human rights approach towards a social model of disability in the management and philosophical views of community settings for persons with disabilities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Експертна оцінка та інформаційна ентропія в обробці розвідувальних відомостей
No full textThe reconnaissance data processing plays muchrole in warfare. The validity of this information is one of the most
necessitiesfor staff correct decision - making. Information entropy is a measure of data uncertainty. In information theory the concept of entropy describes how much information there is in signal or event. Information entropy relates to uncertainty amount concerning an event associated with given probability distribution. In this paper, the main importance of information entropy has been shown. In the same time, the application of both information entropy and expert evaluation methods inreconnaissance data processing has been considered. In consideration of the several sources of reconnaissance data, the calculation method of this information validity assessment has been offered on the basis of information entropy and expert evaluation.Обробка розвідувальної інформації відіграє велику роль у військових діях. Обґрунтованість цієї інформації є найбільш необхідною для вірного прийняття рішення командуванням. Інформаційна ентропія це є міра
невизначеності даних. У теорії інформації концепція ентропії описує кількість інформації в сигналі або подію.
Інформаційна ентропія встановлює кількісний зв'язок невизначеності, що стосується події, асоційований з даними про розподіл ймовірності. У даній статті показана велика роль інформаційної ентропії. Розглянуто одночасне застосування методів інформаційної ентропії та експертної оцінки в обробці розвідувальних даних. З урахуванням декількох джерел розвідувальної інформації, запропонований метод оцінки правдоподібності цієї інформації на основі інформаційної ентропії та експертної оцінки
Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Implement (and Reimagine) Bioethical Principles
No full textCe commentaire analyse les dilemmes éthiques auxquels la communauté mondiale a été confrontée pendant la pandémie de coronavirus. L’importance des droits de propriété intellectuelle dans le contexte de la distribution des vaccins est particulièrement soulignée. Les auteurs mentionnent les principes bioéthiques – « oubliés » mais si importants – dans le contexte de la distribution des vaccins.The commentary analyses ethical dilemmas faced by the global community during the coronavirus pandemic. The importance of the intellectual property rights in the context of vaccine distribution is particularly emphasized. The authors highlight bioethical principles – “forgotten” but so significant – in the context of vaccine distribution
Comparative Analysis of Diffusion Metallization Coatings Applied on Steel Parts
Get PDFIn this paper the positive and negative aspects of diffusion metallization of steels were reviewed. It was shown that at high heating temperatures and prolonged exposure under these temperatures, steels show a tendency to enlarge austenitic grain. Overheating can occur at high exposure temperatures (T>1000ᵒC), which can be rectified by repeated heating however if burning of the steel microstructure occurs, it cannot be corrected. Given these circumstances, when assigning diffusion metallization modes, it is necessary to consider the factor of overheating or burning of steel in the process of exposure to high temperatures. To avoid this phenomenon, it is recommended to use alternative low-temperature processes of diffusion saturation of steels. Nitriding, nitro-cementation, gas-thermal spraying of the surface of steels are shown as such examples. It was suggested that these processes in comparison with diffusion metallization are more promising and acceptable for the restoration of worn surfaces of steels in the manufacture of parts of specialized equipment. Given that the parts of specialized equipment work in extreme conditions, repeated high-temperature heating of these steels is not recommended.To overcome the shortcomings of the diffusion metallization, the most frequently used coatings are applied by CVD, thermal spray, and cloth cladding techniques. As an alternative promising solution, the development of innovative methods of diffusion saturation, like an ion plantation of atoms on a relatively cold surface of the part could also be considered. It is shown that diffusion metallization is most acceptable for saturation of the surface of non-ferrous metals and alloys with the hardest and wear-resistant compounds
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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