1,721,482 research outputs found
Environmental knowledge spillovers and productivity: A patent analysis for large international firms in the energy, water and land resources fields
No full textEnsuring sustainable transition from more to less polluting technologies has become an area of increasing interest to academics and policymakers alike over the recent years. Environmental innovations play a key role in this transition. Still, to date relatively little empirical research has been undertaken on the topic. This applies particularly to the potential impact of knowledge spillovers stemming from environmental innovation, termed here as environmental knowledge spillovers (ES), on firms’ productivity; a research gap explored in this paper. The focus is laid on three economic areas (Europe, Japan and USA), over the period 2002–2017. Additionally, firms’ technological diversity, institutional quality, corporate taxes and the stringency of environmental policy are taken into account to estimate their role in facilitating firms’ technical efficiency. The findings indicate that ES affect firms’ productivity significantly and positively in all the investigated economic areas, whereas tech- nological diversity increases technical efficiency for Japanese and European, but decreases it for American firms. The findings also show how the stringency of environmental policy (positively), institutional quality (positively) and corporate taxes (negatively) affect firms’ technical efficiency
Spoils of Innovation? Employment effects of R&D and knowledge spillovers in Finland
No full textThis paper investigates the relationship between innovation and employment by analyzing the factors that drive job creation processes and particularly by scrutinizing the role of innovation on the skill structure of regional labor demand. The study utilizes Finnish regional innovation (proxied with R&D expenditures) and employment data for 2000–2013. The results show statistically significant positive employment effects from local innovation activities and knowledge spillovers from other regions only on the demand for high-skilled employees. For low-skilled employees, the employment effects of local innovation activities are significantly negative, while there is no impact from knowledge spillovers from other regions. These effects are robust also for different lag structures. The findings are significant in terms of their policy implications for supporting employment; Finnish innovation policy should consider the negative impacts of innovation on low-skilled employees more explicitly
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Environmental innovations, geographically mediated knowledge spillovers, economic and environmental performance
No full textThis paper explores the connection between environmental innovations, geographically mediated knowledge spillovers (geographical spillovers), economic and environmental performance. Specifically, with data gathered from the OECD database for three economic areas (Europe, Japan and USA) over the period 2005–2017 the paper focuses on measuring the relationship between patents in environmental related technologies as well as geographical spillovers and economic performance in terms of GDP. The empirical analysis evidence that innovation processes related to environmental technologies and geographical spillovers have a positive rela- tionship with GDP. The results also evidence a N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve, where the direction (negative or positive) of the relationship between environmental (CO2 emissions) and economic performance depends on the economic development level of a country. The results bring forth important lessons for ‘green growth’ policies
Do research and development and environmental knowledge spillovers facilitate meeting sustainable development goals for resource efficiency?
No full textWe investigate whether research and development (R&D) and environmental knowledge spillovers aid economies in meeting the targets of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (SDG12). We do so by utilizing panel data from the European Union, Japan, and USA over the period of 2002–2017 and a production function approach. The results show that whereas R&D, in general, works against meeting the targets set in SDG12, environmental knowledge spillovers facilitate achieving the goal. Additionally, and as expected, the results support the positive effect of control of corruption and resource scarcity but a negative impact of environmental policy stringency for SDG12. The latter result might be due to environmental policies facilitating end-of-the-pipe solutions rather than supporting decreased resource and material use and waste generation. The findings indicate that instead of just supporting all (green and dirty) R&D, policymakers should devise measures that specifically facilitate environmental innovation (not just “any innovation”) and knowledge spillovers stemming from such green technologies, to support sustainable development via innovation
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