1,096 research outputs found
Diffusion of benefits: evaluating a police operation
No full textJerry Ratcliffe and Toni Makkai explore the impact of a targeted policing operation to reduce property crime. By comparing property crime data for the Australian Capital territory and surrounding areas of New South Wales, they find no evidence for displacement, either spatially or by crime type, following a significant burglary reduction strategy, Operation Anchorage, in the ACT in 2001. They suggest that there was a diffusion of benefits as car crime and burglary in the surrounding parts of NSW saw significant reductions
Professions in Australia, 1965-1998
No full textThe Professions in Australia study aimed to follow the attitudes and experiences of students over the course of their studies, from the beginning of their first year of studies in engineering, law, medicine and teaching through to the end of their studies, and into their careers.
The first phase aimed to study how the individual's values, dispositions and preferences were affected by training in a profession, and also provided information about the social origins of individuals planning to enter each of the four professions studied (engineering, law, medicine, and teaching). Students received their first questionnaires during the first or second week of their first term at University, and were re-surveyed at the end of the first academic year, and at three other times during the next few years. Topics covered included community involvement, subjects completed at school, career plans, study hours, and attributes seen as important for success in the profession. Information about the respondent's academic performance was also obtained.
In 1978, the sample was re-surveyed in order to study developments in resondents' careers or education, and in order to investigate the feasibility of further follow-ups of the original sample. A brief questionnaire asked respondents about their occupational and educational history, covering each year from the beginning of the project.
The third phase of the study consisted of three follow-up surveys in each year from 1982 to 1984. These surveys aimed to investigate the professional development and status attained by the original sample; obtain retrospective evaluations of the respondents' educational experiences during their training; obtain views about postgraduate and recurrent education; and obtain views about current social and professional issues. Topics covered included factors seen to be important in obtaining the respondent's first job, membership of professional associations, problems facing the profession, satisfaction and concerns at work, changes in career, and community involvement.
In 1998 the respondents who were originally studying law, medicine and engineering were recontacted to gain further information about their experiences of professional work and how the profession had changed over their career.
Variables include attitudes to their university education and profession, reasons for and influences on their choice of professions, attributes they perceive as being important to success within their profession, problems they percieve in their work situation; assessments of percieved social status rankings of different professions including their own, government regulation of professions and social and political participation and attitudes. Background variables include education, employment, occupation and specialisation, industry, marital status, education and employment of family members, voting intention, religious denomination, income, and hours worked per week
Women's experiences of male violence: findings from the Australian component of the International Violence Against Women Survey
No full textThe International Violence Against Women Survey was conducted across Australia between December 2002 and June 2003. A total of 6677 women participated in the survey, and provided information on their experiences of physical and sexual violence. Jenny Mouzos and Toni Makkai describe the type of violence (including threats of violence) by current and former intimate male partners, other known males, such as relatives, friends and acquaintances, and strangers. They also examine women\u27s reported experiences of childhood violence, as well as their perceptions and reactions to the violence they experienced
A politics of conversion: nihilism and love in Toni Morrison's fiction
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras.O estudo Uma Política de Conversão: Niilismo e Amor na Ficção de Toni Morrison começa com a idéia de que a Literatura Afro-Americana apresenta um sentido de auto-reflexividade e hibridismo, através do qual autobiografia dialoga com romance, o espiritual se funde com o político. A partir deste traço dialógico a auto-reflexividade é politicamente estabelecida entre niilismo e amor. Na política de conversão, o estudo analisa as formas como mulheres negras, individualmente ou em grupo, fogem da escravidão para a liberdade, avançam da individualidade para a coletividade, ou substituem niilismo por amor. Metodologicamente o estudo apresenta sete capítulos. O primeiro discute os aspectos dialógicos que ilustram as conexões entre narrativas espirituais, de escravos e ficção, entre espiritualidade e política. O segundo examina o diálogo entre a conversão, pregação pública e formação da comunidade em Diário e Experiências Religiosas de Lee. O capítulo sugere que ao afirmar espiritualidade e humanidade a narradora abre profundo espaço para a mulher negra reclamar direitos civis. O terceiro discute o diálogo no interior da política de conversão entre narrativa de escravos e ficção. Este diálogo lida com niilismo e amor em Incidentes de Jacobs e Amada, Sula e O Olho Mais Azul de Morrison. Para a análise de niilismo e amor valores individuais e coletivos são considerados em relação a cinco aspectos: ambiente e agente antagonistas, agente de apoio, propósito da personagem e resultado alcançado. É visível, no estudo, o apoio que certas mulheres recebem de suas comunidades para contra-atacar antagonistas. O apoio nem sempre resulta na superação do niilismo e, por isso, derrota temporária pode ocorrer antes que elas sejam reintegradas à comunidade, como acontece com Linda Brent. O quarto capítulo examina as fraquezas e as energias da política da conversão e a reintegração de Sethe Suggs à comunidade de Bluestone Road. O quinto avalia como a comunidade de Bottom tenta controlar a individualidade de Sula Peace e como um grupo de mulheres lideradas por Nel Wrights consegue resgatar o espírito de independência da heroína. O sexto mostra como a política da conversão das mulheres de Lorain é incapaz de garantir a saúde mental de Pecola Breedlove, mas consegue criar um papel mais consistente para o grupo. No sétimo, a conclusão examina da relação dialética entre niilismo e amor ou auto-amor nas experiências dos indivíduos e dos grupos. O estudo sugere que em Incidentes a busca de Linda Brent por liberdade envolve elementos de autodestruição e de autoempoderamento. Da mesma maneira, o estudo conclui que em Amada o amor que Sethe Suggs tem para as suas crianças mata a própria filha, enfatizando, assim, o desejo de livrá-la da escravidão. Igualmente em Sula, a individualidade de Sula Peace não apenas limita, mas também expande as experiências do grupo, levando-o à emancipação. Finalmente, em O Olho Mais Azul a luta de Pecola Breedlove por amor e beleza reflete auto-ódio ao mesmo tempo em que reconstrói a auto-apreciação de toda a comunidade
Drug use monitoring in Australia: 2003 annual report on drug use among police detainees
No full textMarissa McCall, Jenny Mouzos and Toni Makkai present both self-report and urinalysis data from participating detainees for the calendar year 2003. They provide an overview of the characteristics of the detainees at each site, including self-reported drug use, prior criminal behaviour and treatment history.
An addendum on violence in the home was run in the first quarter of 2003 to determine the incidence of partner violence experienced and perpetrated by police detainees, as well as the extent of violence witnessed or experienced as a child in the home.
 
Drug use monitoring in Australia: 2004 annual report on drug use among police detainees
No full textThe DUMA project operates at seven sites throughout Australia and provides an indicator of drug-related crime within a specific area. DUMA identifies changes in drug use within a relatively short time span, as well as monitoring trends over a longer time period. In this report Carmen Schulte, Jenny Mouzos and Toni Makkai present both self-report and urinalysis data from participating detainees for the calendar year 2004. They provide an overview of the characteristics of the detainees at each site, including self-reported drug use, prior criminal behaviour and treatment history
Transforming America : Toni Morrison and classical tradition
No full textThis thesis examines a significant but little-studied feature of Toni Morrison's
work: her ambivalent engagement with classical tradition. Analysing all eight
novels. it argues that her allusiveness to the cultural practices of Ancient Greece
and Rome is fundamental to her political project. Illuminating hegemonic
America's consistent recourse to the classical world in the construction of its
identity, I expand on prior scholarship by reading Morrison's own revisionary
classicism as a subversion of dominant US culture. My three-part study
examines the way her deployment of Graeco-Roman tradition destabilizes
mythologies of the American Dream, prevailing narratives of America's
history, and national ideologies of purity. Part I shows that Morrison enlists
tragic conventions to problematize the Dream's central tenets of upward
mobility, progress and freedom. It argues that while her engagement with Greek
choric models effects her refutation of individualism, it is her later novels'
rejection of a wholly catastrophic vision that enables her to avoid reinscribing
the Dream. Part II demonstrates that it is through her classical allusiveness that
Morrison rewrites American history. Her multiply-resonant echoes of the epic,
pastoral and tragic traditions that have consistently informed the dominant
culture's justifications for and representations of its actions enable her
reconfiguration of colonization, of the foundation of the new nation, of slavery
and its aftermath and of the Civil Rights Movement. Part III illuminates how
the author uses the discourse of pollution or miasma to challenge
Enlightenment-derived valorizations of racial purity and to expose the practices
of scapegoating and revenge as flawed means to moral purity. Her interest in
the hegemonic fabrication of classical tradition as itself a pure and purifying
force is matched by her insistence on that tradition's African elements, and thus
on its potent impurity. Her own radical classicism, therefore, is central to the
transformation of America that her novels envision
ACT recidivist offenders
No full textFrom 2000 to 2002 the Australian Capital Territory experienced significant declines in the rate of burglary. Toni Makkai, Jerry Ratcliffe, Keenan Veraar and Lisa Collins examine the key factors associated with this reduction and provide a profile of recidivist property offenders in the ACT. They find significant evidence that an ACT Australian Federal Police operation targeted at repeat offenders, Operation Anchorage, along with the detention of offenders by the courts either through remand or imprisonment, affected the burglary rate
"Shuttles in the rocking loom of history": dislocation in Toni Morrison's fiction
No full textThis thesis examines the trope of 'dislocation' within the later novels of Toni Morrison, identifying it as central to her representation ot African American history and experience. Organising my project around the theme and figure of dislocation allows me to bring together diverse considerations such as those of the geographical, communal, familial, cultural, corporeal and narrative displacements that preoccupy Morrison's fiction. Developing a line of enquiry neglected within the field of scholarship addressing Morrison's work, most importantly my thesis finds this term useful for negotiating the author's engagement with the diaspora engendered by racial slavery. In particular, it explores her evocation of the black diaspora as a configuration encompassing sites of remembering, affirmation and potentiality as well as processes of displacement, disruption, deracination and loss.
My research is informed by a broad range of critical resources but especially Edouard Glissant's and Paul Gilroy's theories of diasporic interaction. Tracing symbolic spatial trajectories and enabling and disabling relationships to the past, I investigate Morrison's imaginary in terms of a black Atlantic of roots and routes, patterns of traversal, connection and exchange. Rejecting a narrowly defined notion of African American Studies, this thesis seeks to extend the ways in which Morrison's novels are approached, locating in them a truly diasporic vision
Drugs and law enforcement
No full textSpeech presented at the 'Winter School in the Sun Conference', Carlton Crest Hotel, Brisbane, July 2-5, 2001, by Adam Graycar, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology. Co-authored by Kiah McGregor and Toni Makkai. This speech is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The overwhelming majority of those who use illicit drugs do not commit property crime or violent crime. There is however, a strong link between predatory crime and illicit drug use and the focus of this paper is on law enforcement and the reduction of crime associated with illicit drug use. This includes two key groups: those whose "drug" crimes are directly associated with drugs (such as possession, dealing, trafficking and manufacturing) and those whose "drug-related" offences are to support a drug habit (that is acquisitive crime) or while intoxicated (that is violent crime). Police activities are examined as well as the targets, programs and strategies used, and how to assess the effectiveness of drug law enforcement
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