23 research outputs found
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
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Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
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Effect of turbulence modeling on hydrodynamics of a turbulent contact absorber
No full textA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study is conducted to find a suitable two equation turbulence model for accurate prediction of hydrodynamics of an inhouse turbulence contact absorber (TCA) at high gas and liquid velocities. Based on the multi-fluid Eulerian approach, hydrodynamics of TCA is simulated by incorporating three turbulence models i.e. standard k-epsilon model, RNG k-epsilon model and SST k-omega model in ANSYS Fluent (R). The solid phase stresses were closed by using the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF). TCA hydrodynamics parameters; expanded bed height and bed pressure drop were used to compare the results of this study with experimental data and also with earlier numerical study published with laminar viscous model. It was found that the RNG k-epsilon model predicted the bed height and pressure drop better than its counterparts. To accurately find the effects of secondary phase turbulence, two RNG k-epsilon model options i-e. per phase and dispersed were also evaluated. The results show that the per phase option of RNG k-epsilon model produced the expanded bed height and pressure drop in close agreement with available experimental data at similar operating conditions.Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)Second author acknowledges the fellowship she received from Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) to complete her MS in Process Engineering. The authors are grateful to Dr. Muhammad Zaman and Dr. Muhammad Nadeem for helpful technical discussions
ATM & Biometric Solutions: A Case Study
Get PDFThe paper highlights security features for biometric systems along with application specific to a bank in Pakistan. Further, a comprehensive view of retinal scanning and application within the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is discussed. Of the various forms of scanning techniques, fingerprint, iris, and facial have been selected as a security measure. However, the application of retinal scans for security within ATMs in Pakistan is novel. Retinal scans face many issues such as external pressures that can make the implementation of retinal scans difficult, proper technological advancements for implementing of retinal scans, costing and whether it will serve as a barrier and whether the overall concept of implementing retinal scans is a workable idea or not. The sample taken was of 80 close ended questionnaires filled along with 4 focus group discussions. The questions related to technology, economics and situational awareness concepts. The concept of automated houses and the use of objects with artificial intelligence were of special interest. It is shown that external factors especially cost and technological limitations prohibit widespread adoption of biometric based retinal scans and implications for overall privacy and security that is present
Al'aadah Muhakkamah Wa Tathbiiquha Fi Ta'yiin Al Ilzaamaat Al Maaliyyah "Uang Panai" 'Inda Mujtama' Sulawesi Al Januubiyyah
Get PDFIslam as the religion of rahmatan lil alamin came to govern all aspects of human life. His perfect and comprehensive nature can touch all sides of human life, including in the matter of marriage and it’s ordinances. But it can not be denied that customs and local customs take part in it as a hereditary heritage.
In the people of South Sulawesi there is a unique tradition called "uang panai (panai money)" as customary money that must be fulfilled by the prospective bridegroom besides dowry. This money aims to finance the wedding and as a symbol of appreciation to the prospective bride.
To know the law of this problem, author uses several methods : applicative analytical methods, research propositions methods, description research methods and research methods from the historical side of panai money. This is by explaining the rules of “Al ‘Aadah Muhakkamah” and matters relating to these rules to serve as the legal basic of panai money in marriage customs in Sulsel. Then linking linking the law of the matter by mentioning the other theorem of the argument to strengthen the law achieved.
The result of the author shows that the panai money does not violate the Shari'a and in line with the conditions mentioned by the scholars in the application of the rule of Al Adah Muhakkamah (Customs can be law). But this is not absolute because the purpose of panai money to some people in South Sulawesi sometimes experience a shift in meaning, which is used as a show of wealth or arena of prestige that sometimes resulted in the cancellation of a marriage and eventually led to some other kemudharatan. Under these circumstances, the existence of the panai money originally permitted in the Shari'a will change its law as forbidden when contrary to the Islamic principle in providing convenience and not burdening a person beyond his ability. Likewise contrary to the rule of Dar' al mafasid muqaddam min jalbil mashlahah (rejecting harmfull is more important than taking the goodness)
G-C3N4/Ag@CoWO4: A novel sunlight active ternary nanocomposite for potential photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye
Get PDFPresent study reports the fabrication of novel sunlight active heterogeneous photocatalyst, i.e. Ag@g-C3N4/CoWO4 for potential degradation of rhodamine B dye. The ternary nanocomposite was fabricated using thermal condensation of melamine to prepare g-C3N4 followed by coupling with silver doped cobalt tungstate (Ag@CoWO4) using the hydrothermal method. The novel composite photocatalyst (Ag@g-C3N4/CoWO4) along with pristine photocatalysts (g-C3N4 and Ag@CoWO4) were well characterized in term of morphology (scanning electron microscopy), structure (Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy), crystallinity (X-ray diffraction), and composition (energy dispersive X-ray). The energy band gaps of catalysts were calculated using UV–visible spectroscopic analysis (Tauc plot). The characterization analysis supports the successful assembly of Ag@CoWO4 nanoparticles on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets with good crystallinity. The photocatalytic potential of novel catalysts was examined through the degradation of rhodamine B dye in water. The engineered heterojunction promotes photocatalytic activity and improves photo-generated charge separation. The results of the proposed research showed boosted sunlight active photocatalytic efficiency (97% in 120 min at pH 6) of novel composite against rhodamine B dye degradation. The kinetics of the reaction was determined using different models and RSM was used as a statistical tool for interaction and individual effects of influencing parameters. The numerical values of optimized parameters endorsed the results of RSM i.e. composite dose = 10mg/100 mL, H2O2 = 15 mM, and pH = 6.Dr. Muhammad Zahid (corresponding author) is thankful to TWAS (Grant No. 15-410 RG/MSN/AS_C–FR3240288961 under TWAS-COMSTECH joint Research Grant) for equipments and the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan for facilities to conduct this research. The valuable support from Central Lab, LUMS Pakistan for characterization of samples is highly acknowledged
آثار الصنادید‘‘ کی تفہیمِ جدید’’
No full textAsar-us-Sanadeed is a book published by Sir Siyed about the ancient monuments of Delhi from the medieval era. Sir Siyed was an eminent personality of the 19th century who delved in a long list of intellactual pursuits during his lifetime. These works of his have continued to be looked at and analyzed using diffrent prisms long after his passing. It can be said that the events of 1857 brought a major change in Sir Syed's thinking and his world view which,in turn, led to him becoming one of the major voices of 19th century. Asar-us-Sanadeed is an example of the intellectual and literary capabilities of man and can be used to understant his appreciation of history and archaeology as well as its implication for the present and the future. However, it is saddening that the book is still surrouned by a mist of uncertainty and controversy. Through the book is a major archaeological account that cannot be ignored, questions around it have lingered and have never been quite fully tackled and answered. These include concerns around when and how the book was published, who is the actual writer of the book, is it the first book of its kind, what were the reasons behind the conceptions of the book, and who was the intended audience for it etc. These are the major themes that this artical attempts to explore. Research brings us to the conclusion that the book was indeed written by Sir Syed with Imran Baksh Sehbai providing help and support. Sir Syed did not seems to have major monetary considerations in mind while attempting the book but was simply aimingto grab the attention of the Britishers. The book was also aimed to serve as a guide for the various visitors who came to Dehli and were interested in monuments of a bygone era. Asar-us-Sanadeed can be said to be the first book of its kind in Urdu language, through books tackling a subject of such nature had been published in English and Persian etc. Before 1847 as well. Allegation that Sir Syed plagiarized these works without giving due credit turn out to be unfounded. In conclusion, Asar-us-Sanadeed can be said to have opened new avenues for research and exploration around archaeology as well as having brought Sir Syed to national prominence as an author, a cultured scholar and an intellectual
Tailoring triple charge conduction in BaCo0.2Fe0.1Ce0.2Tm0.1Zr0.3Y0.1O3−δ semiconductor electrolyte for boosting solid oxide fuel cell performance
No full textFunding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under the (grant # 11674085 and 51772080 ) and National Laboratory of solid-state Microstructures, Nanjing University for project support is also acknowledged. Dr. Asghar thanks the Hubei overseas Talent 100 program (as a distinguished professor at Hubei University) and Academy of Finland (Grant No. 13329016 and 13322738 ) for their support. Muhammad Akbar helped in the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images assistance. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Introducing multiple-ionic transport through a semiconductor-electrolyte is a promising approach to realize the low-temperature operation of SOFCs. Herein, we designed and synthesized a single-phase Ce-doped BaCo0.2Fe0.3-xTm0.1Zr0.3Y0.1O3-δ semiconductor-electrolyte possessing triple-charge (H+/O2−/e−) conduction ability. Two different compositions are synthesized: BaCo0.2Fe0.3-xCexTm0.1Zr0.3Y0.1O3-δ [x = 0.1–0.2]. The 20% doped Ce composition exhibits an outstanding oxide-ion and protonic conductivity of 0.193 S cm−1 and 0.09 S cm−1 at 530 °C and the fuel cell utilizing BaCo0.2Fe0.2Ce0.2Tm0.1Zr0.3Y0.1O3-δ as an electrolyte yields an excellent power density of 873 mW cm−2 at 530 °C. Moreover, the fuel cell performed reasonably well (383 mW cm−2) even at a low temperature of 380 °C. Furthermore, the 10% Ce-doped utilized in fuel cell device illustrates lower performance (661 mW cm−2 at 530 °C and 260 mW cm−2 at 380 °C). Successful doping of Ce supports the formation of oxygen-vacancies at the B-site of perovskite and adjusting the ratio of Fe in the compositions. Moreover, the presence of Tm also assist in the creation of oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the boosting of electrochemical performance and ionic conductivity of applied materials are enlightened by tuning the energy-band structure via employing the UPS and UV–Vis. The physical characterizations and verification of dual-ions (H+/O2−) in the semiconductor materials are performed via different electrochemical, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. A systematic study revealed triple charge conduction in this promising material, which helps in boosting the electrochemical performance of the LT-SOFC.Peer reviewe
جوش کی نثر کا ادبی و لسانیاتی تناظر
No full textThe writing style of an author implies his choice of diction, dialect, figures of speech and the structure of his language. It is influenced and formulated by author's age, society, civilization, environment, literary traditions, educational background, surroundings and secondary languages. The linguistic approach which deals in the study of a writing style is called stylistics. In this article we will discuss literary & linguistic analysis of Josh prose. During the literary& linguistic study first we focus on literary contribution of Josh prose. In linguistic analysis. We will focus on phonetic, sayntaxtic and semantic analysis. Josh Maleeh Abadi used these linguistic deviations to create musicality, melody and enchanting effect. His style is embellished with captivating diction, spell-bounding structure and impressive purity of thought
Interface engineering of bi-layer semiconductor SrCoSnO3-δ-CeO2-δ heterojunction electrolyte for boosting the electrochemical performance of low-temperature ceramic fuel cell
No full textFunding Information: This work was supported Southeast University (SEU) PROJET # 3203002003A1 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under the grant # 51772080 and 11604088 . Dr. Asghar thanks the Hubei overseas Talent 100 program (as a distinguished professor at Hubei University) and Academy of Finland (Grant No. 13329016, 13322738) for their support. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)A comparative study is performed to investigate the electrochemical performance of the low-temperature ceramic fuel cells (CFCs) utilizing two different novel electrolytes. First, a perovskite semiconductor SrCo0.3Sn0.7O3-δ was used as an electrolyte in CFCs due to its modest ionic conductivity (0.1 S/cm) and demonstrated an acceptable power density of 360 mW/cm2 at 520 °C. The performance of the cell was primarily limited due to the moderate ionic transport in the electrolyte. In order to improve the ionic conductivity, a new strategy of using a novel bi-layer electrolyte concept consist of SrCo0.3Sn0.7O3-δ and CeO2-δ in CFCs. These bi-layers of two electrolytes have successfully established heterojunction which considerably improved the ionic conductivity (0.2 S/cm) and enhance the open-circuit voltage of the cell from 0.98 V to 1.001 V. Moreover, the CFCs utilizing bi-layer electrolyte have produced a remarkable power density of 672 mW/cm2 at 520 °C. This enhancement of ionic conduction, power density and blockage of electron conduction in the bi-layer electrolyte was studied via band alignment mechanism based on proposed p-n heterojunction. Our work presents a promising methodology for developing advanced low-temperature CFC electrolytes.Peer reviewe
