101,872 research outputs found
Stenus attenboroughi Mainda 2021, nov.sp.
No full text<i>Stenus attenboroughi</i> nov.sp. (Figs 1-3) <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 646F487F-B3F5-44BF-9CBA-E55ABBD316F5</p> <p>T y p e m a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype ♂:"West-Papua:Sentani,Cyclops Mountains, loamy and mossy wall, stream, 440 m, 2°32’10.52"S 140°30’46.71"E, 18.05.2019 " [cM]. Paratypes (11♂♂, 17♀♀): Same collecting data as the HT [cM, 1♂ / 1♀ NHMW, 1♂ / 1♀ SMNK, 1♂ / 1♀ SMNS, 1♂ / 1♀ ZSM].</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n: Measurements of the HT (in mm): BL: 4.70, DE: 0.48, FBL: 2.20, EL: 0.90, EW: 0.75, HW: 0.78, PL: 0.63, PW: 0.55, SL: 0.68. Measurements of the 10 ♂♂ PTT (in mm): BL: 4.55-4.70, DE: 0.47-0.50, FBL: 2.20-2.36, EL: 0.88-0.95, EW: 0.80- 0.83, HW: 0.78-0.83, PL: 0.60-0.65, PW: 0.55-0.60, SL: 0.55-0.63. Measurements of the 17 ♀♀ PTT (in mm): BL: 4.50-4.70, DE: 0.48-0.53, FBL: 2.30-2.35, EL: 0.85-0.975, EW: 0.73-0.83, HW: 0.78-0.83, PL: 0.58-0.68, PW: 0.55-0.58, SL: 0.63-0.68.</p> <p>Habitus as in Fig. 1. Macropterous, metallic blue-green-violet, shining, with metallic hue, without microsculpture; maxillary palpi, legs and antennae orange, last segments infuscate; labrum aeneous.</p> <p>Head 1.04 times broader than elytra, median portion of frons about half as wide as lateral portions, elevated, not reaching the high of the inner eye margin. Median portion separated from lateral portions by two narrow lateral furrows. Punctation dense and coarse, diameter of punctures larger than basal cross-section of antennomere III. Antennae moderately slender, when reflexed not extending to the posterior margin of pronotum.</p> <p>Pronotum 1.15 times as long as broad, broadest in the posterior third, sides towards anterior margin straight, towards posterior margin concavely narrowed. Punctation coarse and very dense, partly coalescent, largest punctures in dorsal middle as large as basal diameter of antennomere III, interstices much narrower than diameter of punctures. Legs slender; metatarsomere I as long as the combined length of metatarsomeres II–V and longer than metatarsomere V.</p> <p>Elytra 1.2 times as long as broad, humeral angles prominent, sides nearly parallel, suture unmodified. Punctation coarse and dense, not coalescent, punctures about as large as those on pronotum, interstices narrower than diameter of punctures.</p> <p>Abdomen cylindrical; basal impressions of tergites I-III deep; punctation very fine, nearly invisible, interstices much wider than diameter of punctures.</p> <p>M a l e: Femora slightly dilated, tibiae simple. Sternites III–V unmodified, sternite VI broadly impressed in posterior half, with long erect setae; sternite VII broadly impressed, sides of impression extending posteriorly, densely set with long erected setae; sternite VIII with a narrowed notch in posterior fivth (Fig. 3); sternite IX serrate apicolaterally; tergite X with rounded posterior margin. Apical portion of aedeagus (Fig. 2) spatula-like enlarged, median lobe with two long expulsion-bands; internal sac asymmetric; parameres shorter than median lobe, with seven setae apically.</p> <p>F e m a l e: Sternite VIII with rounded posterior margin; valvifera serrate apicolaterally; tergite X with rounded posterior margin.</p> <p> D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s i s: This species belongs to the group of <i>Stenus prismalis</i> FAUVEL, 1878. In this group <i>Stenus attenboroughi</i> nov.sp. is closely related to <i>Stenus anteros</i> PUTHZ, 2016 (Papua New Guinea: Haia), from which it is distinguishable by the male sexual characters (Figs 4, 5) and by sparser punctation of tergite V. From <i>S. aglaia</i> PUTHZ, 1969 (Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal and Savo Isl.) it is distinguished by a finer abdominal punctation and the male sexual characters, from <i>S. amor</i> PUTHZ, 1971 (Biak Island) by a shorter metatarsomere I. It is distinguished from <i>S. eros</i> PUTHZ, 2016 (West-Papua: Manokwari Prov.) by the male sexual characters and by a shorter metatarsomere I, from <i>S. aphrodite</i> PUTHZ, 1969, <i>S. fretus</i> LAST, 1970 and <i>S. cupido</i> PUTHZ, 1971 only by the different male sexual characters.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: The new species is named in honor of Sir David Attenborough, whose outstanding documentaries have made the beauty of the natural world accessible to millions of people. But they have also shown how vulnerable our planet is and that its biodiversity is critically endangered, if humanity does not change its current course.</p>Published as part of <i>Mainda, Tobias, 2021, Stenus attenboroughi nov. sp. and records of Stenus LATREILLE, 1797 from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 1005-1012 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2)</i> on pages 1006-1008, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5038723">10.5281/zenodo.5038723</a>
Stenus attenboroughi Mainda & M & M 2021, nov.sp.
No full textStenus attenboroughi nov.sp. (Figs 1-3) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 646F487F-B3F5-44BF-9CBA-E55ABBD316F5 T y p e m a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype ♂:"West-Papua:Sentani,Cyclops Mountains, loamy and mossy wall, stream, 440 m, 2°32’10.52"S 140°30’46.71"E, 18.05.2019 " [cM]. Paratypes (11♂♂, 17♀♀): Same collecting data as the HT [cM, 1♂ / 1♀ NHMW, 1♂ / 1♀ SMNK, 1♂ / 1♀ SMNS, 1♂ / 1♀ ZSM]. D e s c r i p t i o n: Measurements of the HT (in mm): BL: 4.70, DE: 0.48, FBL: 2.20, EL: 0.90, EW: 0.75, HW: 0.78, PL: 0.63, PW: 0.55, SL: 0.68. Measurements of the 10 ♂♂ PTT (in mm): BL: 4.55-4.70, DE: 0.47-0.50, FBL: 2.20-2.36, EL: 0.88-0.95, EW: 0.80- 0.83, HW: 0.78-0.83, PL: 0.60-0.65, PW: 0.55-0.60, SL: 0.55-0.63. Measurements of the 17 ♀♀ PTT (in mm): BL: 4.50-4.70, DE: 0.48-0.53, FBL: 2.30-2.35, EL: 0.85-0.975, EW: 0.73-0.83, HW: 0.78-0.83, PL: 0.58-0.68, PW: 0.55-0.58, SL: 0.63-0.68. Habitus as in Fig. 1. Macropterous, metallic blue-green-violet, shining, with metallic hue, without microsculpture; maxillary palpi, legs and antennae orange, last segments infuscate; labrum aeneous. Head 1.04 times broader than elytra, median portion of frons about half as wide as lateral portions, elevated, not reaching the high of the inner eye margin. Median portion separated from lateral portions by two narrow lateral furrows. Punctation dense and coarse, diameter of punctures larger than basal cross-section of antennomere III. Antennae moderately slender, when reflexed not extending to the posterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum 1.15 times as long as broad, broadest in the posterior third, sides towards anterior margin straight, towards posterior margin concavely narrowed. Punctation coarse and very dense, partly coalescent, largest punctures in dorsal middle as large as basal diameter of antennomere III, interstices much narrower than diameter of punctures. Legs slender; metatarsomere I as long as the combined length of metatarsomeres II–V and longer than metatarsomere V. Elytra 1.2 times as long as broad, humeral angles prominent, sides nearly parallel, suture unmodified. Punctation coarse and dense, not coalescent, punctures about as large as those on pronotum, interstices narrower than diameter of punctures. Abdomen cylindrical; basal impressions of tergites I-III deep; punctation very fine, nearly invisible, interstices much wider than diameter of punctures. M a l e: Femora slightly dilated, tibiae simple. Sternites III–V unmodified, sternite VI broadly impressed in posterior half, with long erect setae; sternite VII broadly impressed, sides of impression extending posteriorly, densely set with long erected setae; sternite VIII with a narrowed notch in posterior fivth (Fig. 3); sternite IX serrate apicolaterally; tergite X with rounded posterior margin. Apical portion of aedeagus (Fig. 2) spatula-like enlarged, median lobe with two long expulsion-bands; internal sac asymmetric; parameres shorter than median lobe, with seven setae apically. F e m a l e: Sternite VIII with rounded posterior margin; valvifera serrate apicolaterally; tergite X with rounded posterior margin. D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s i s: This species belongs to the group of Stenus prismalis FAUVEL, 1878. In this group Stenus attenboroughi nov.sp. is closely related to Stenus anteros PUTHZ, 2016 (Papua New Guinea: Haia), from which it is distinguishable by the male sexual characters (Figs 4, 5) and by sparser punctation of tergite V. From S. aglaia PUTHZ, 1969 (Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal and Savo Isl.) it is distinguished by a finer abdominal punctation and the male sexual characters, from S. amor PUTHZ, 1971 (Biak Island) by a shorter metatarsomere I. It is distinguished from S. eros PUTHZ, 2016 (West-Papua: Manokwari Prov.) by the male sexual characters and by a shorter metatarsomere I, from S. aphrodite PUTHZ, 1969, S. fretus LAST, 1970 and S. cupido PUTHZ, 1971 only by the different male sexual characters. E t y m o l o g y: The new species is named in honor of Sir David Attenborough, whose outstanding documentaries have made the beauty of the natural world accessible to millions of people. But they have also shown how vulnerable our planet is and that its biodiversity is critically endangered, if humanity does not change its current course.Published as part of Mainda, Tobias, M, Cyclops & M, Foja, 2021, Stenus attenboroughi nov. sp. and records of Stenus LATREILLE, 1797 from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 1005-1012 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on pages 1006-1008, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.527753
Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in dairy herds of central Zambia
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide public health concern. While it is
evident that the use of antibiotics creates selection pressure for the evolution of
antibiotic resistance genes, there are still considerable knowledge gaps relating to the
status quo of antibiotic use, emergence of resistant pathogens in different livestock
production systems and spread within human and animal communities.
This thesis includes a survey of antibiotic use in the dairy sector within a specific area
of Zambia and analysis of AMR and virulence factors in E. coli isolated from dairy
cattle and diarrhoea human patients with the following objectives.
1. To investigate the usage of antibiotics in the dairy sector and the drivers for
use.
2. To determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli
isolated from faecal samples of dairy cattle.
3. To use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the molecular
epidemiology of resistance determinants in E. coli strains isolated from both
dairy cattle and humans.
4. To assess the zoonotic potential of isolated E. coli focusing on Shiga toxin-producing
E. coli (STEC) and relationship to STEC associated with clinical
disease in the UK.
In view of these objectives, the first part of the work was carried out in Zambia and
involved a questionnaire, a field survey, isolation of E. coli from dairy cattle faecal
samples and phenotypic testing for AMR. In addition, E. coli isolates were obtained
from another study that was focused on human patients presenting with diarrhoea at
the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. The second part involved whole genome
sequencing and molecular analyses of E. coli for resistance and virulence genotypes at
the Roslin Institute (UK). For the field study, a stratified random sample of 104 farms
was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. On each
farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a
standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. An E. coli
isolate was obtained from 98.67% (371/376) of the sampled animals and tested for
resistance against the six types of antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin,
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, cefpodoxime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin). These
E. coli were then analysed together with those from humans for genotypes in the
laboratory and from Illumina short read whole genome sequences using bioinformatics
tools.
Tetracylines and penicillin were the commonly used antibiotics in dairy herds. This
finding was in line with the resistance phenotypes detected in E. coli isolated from the
dairy cattle. The most prevalent AMR was to tetracycline (10.61; 95%CI: 7.40-13.82),
followed by ampicillin (6.02; 95%CI: 3.31-8.73), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
(4.49; 95%CI: 2.42-6.56), cefpodoxime (1.91; 95%CI: 0.46-3.36), gentamicin (0.89;
95%CI: 0.06-1.84) and ciprofloxacin (0%). The risk analysis indicated that AMR was
associated with livestock diseases (lumpy skin disease and foot rot), exotic breeds
(Jersey and Friesian), location, farm size and certain management practices.
Analysis of whole genome sequences showed that isolates from humans had both
higher levels and a greater diversity of resistance alleles than the cattle isolates.
Common genotypes in both populations were: tetA (16%), tetB (10%), tetC (2%) for
cattle isolates with tetA (32%), tetB (22%) and tetD (1%) in human isolates. Other
common genotypes were blaTEM (56%), sul1 (29%), sul2 (66%), strA4 (57%) and
strB1 (64%) in isolates of human origin while blaTEM (15%), sul1 (3%), sul2 (17%),
strA4 (13%) and strB1 (19%) were in the cattle isolates.
Whilst the E. coli isolates from cattle encoded resistance to common antibiotics of
limited significance to human clinical medicine, isolates from humans had additional
extended spectrum beta-lactamases (blaOXA, blaCMY, blaNDM, and blaDHA, blaOKP and
blaCTX-M) that encode for resistance to essential antibiotics such as third generation
cephalosporins and carbapenems. This was an evidence that AMR is an ongoing public
health subject in Zambia but the exclusivity of certain resistances in the human
population points to limited or no exchange of genotypes between E. coli of human
origin and those from cattle. AMR in humans was probably independently selected by
the use of antibiotics of clinical importance such as cephalosporin and
fluoroquinolones.
The virulence analysis focused on STEC, 11% (41/371) of E. coli isolates from cattle
contained Shiga toxin genes (stx) while none (0/73) of the human isolates were
positive. Phylogenetic analysis showed a random distribution of bovine STEC, with
no indication of clonal spread. Although 89% (16/18) of the STEC tested had a
cytotoxic effect on Vero cells, indicative of Shiga toxin production, only three (O45,
O111, O157) belonged to one of the seven serogroups (O26, O157, O111, O103,
O121, O145 and O45) associated with life-threatening enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
(EHEC) infections in humans. In line with this, only the O157 serotype encoded a type
3 secretion system. This shows that, while Stx-encoding strains are common in these
dairy herds of Zambia, they are not strain backgrounds known to pose an immediate
threat to human health as they lack colonisation factors that are found in typical human
EHEC. However, we must remain vigilant as emergence of EHEC strains in these
animals remains an ever-present threat
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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The Right to Strike under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada
No full textAnswering critics of the Canadian Supreme Court's judgment in B.C. Health, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter — the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health to the recognition of Charter protec- tion for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to col- lective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capac- ity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.Peer reviewe
G-Rank: Unsupervised Continuous Learn-to-Rank for Edge Devices in a P2P Network
No full textRanking algorithms in traditional search engines are powered by enormous training data sets that are meticulously engineered and curated by a centralized entity. Decentralized peer-to-peer (p2p) networks such as torrenting applications and Web3 protocols deliberately eschew centralized databases and computational architectures when designing services and features. As such, robust search-and-rank algorithms designed for such domains must be engineered specifically for decentralized networks, and must be lightweight enough to operate on consumer-grade personal devices such as a smartphone or laptop computer. We introduce G-Rank, an unsupervised ranking algorithm designed exclusively for decentralized networks. We demonstrate that accurate, relevant ranking results can be achieved in fully decentralized networks without any centralized data aggregation, feature engineering, or model training. Furthermore, we show that such results are obtainable with minimal data preprocessing and computational overhead, and can still return highly relevant results even when a user’s device is disconnected from the network. G-Rank is highly modular in design, is not limited to categorical data, and can be implemented in a variety of domains with minimal modification. The results herein show that unsupervised ranking models designed for decentralized p2p networks are not only viable, but worthy of further research.https://github.com/awrgold/G-RankComputer Scienc
Author inscription in The Chinese slave-girl: a story of woman's life in China
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