19 research outputs found
Interlanguage development among the learners of Indonesian language in Paris
No full textA greater comprehension of the learning process and the difficulties encountered by non-native learners is imperative given the increasing interest in learning Indonesian, especially among non-native speakers. This study looks at the interlanguage of beginning French learners of Indonesian as a Foreign Language. The main goal is to look at the several kinds of grammatical, syntactic, and lexical errors that appear in their written sentences. This research attempts to determine how learners' native language affects their learning of Indonesian by concentrating on typical mistakes in prepositional usage, adverbial application, word/phrase organization, vocabulary selection, and spelling/capitalization. The study employed a three-phase approach: data collection, data analysis, and interpretation. Data were gathered from written texts produced by beginner-level learners at the Indonesian Embassy in Paris, all of whom had completed at least one semester of instruction. The analysis identified and categorized the language inaccuracies, highlighting the frequency of errors and their correlation with the learners’ interlanguage development. The findings reveal that lexical errors, particularly in spelling, were the most frequent (35.84%), followed by syntactic errors in vocabulary selection (30.18%) and word/phrase arrangement (13.83%). Grammatical errors related to preposition (7.05%) and adverb (5.03%) usage were also significant. These errors are not isolated; rather, they reflect the learners' attempts to internalize Indonesian while being influenced by their native French linguistic structures. Examples such as the misuse of "di" for "ke" and "sudah" for "sedang" underscore the challenges learners face in differentiating between Indonesian and French grammar. This study concludes that these inaccuracies are indicative of the learners’ developing interlanguage, where their understanding of Indonesian rules is still evolving. The insights gained underscore the importance of contrastive analysis, targeted feedback, and adaptive teaching methods to help learners overcome these challenges. By addressing these issues, educators can enhance the effectiveness of BIPA programs, fostering greater proficiency in Indonesian among non-native speakers
The vitality of Malay Language in North Sumatera, Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to describe the vitality level of the Malay language in North Sumatra. This study used a sociolinguistic approach, and quantitative and qualitative data analysis was carried out. Data analysis uses UNESCO references to measure the vitality level of a language. Data were obtained through a questionnaire to 165 respondents and analyzed using a Likert scale. The results show that the level of vitality of the Malay language in North Sumatra is experiencing a decline. This is associated with several findings, namely in terms of transmission, it is in grade 3: threatened with extinction; dwindling number of native speakers; the proportion of speakers is at grade 2: critically endangered; realm of use conditions at grade 3: shrinking realm; the condition of the new domain and media is included in grade 1: minimal; the condition of the availability of teaching materials and literacy is on scale 2: the condition of speakers’ attitudes is on scale 4: indicating that almost all speakers are supportive of maintaining their language; and finally the documentation condition is in category 3: moderate. So, the vitality of the Malay Language is declining
Presupposition dalam Teka-Teki Tradisional Batak Toba
No full textThis study aims to describe the types of presupposition and how the presupposition occurs in the TB Traditional Riddle. This study uses an ethnographic approach. The data of this study is divided into oral and written data. Oral data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with informants. The interview involved 3 informants who met the criteria described by (Spradley, 1979). The questions asked included descriptive questions, structural questions and contrast questions. The written data for this study is sourced from a book entitled Huling-Hulingan and Torkan-Torkanan by (Sibarani, 1995). The data analysis model used also refers to the method proposed by Spradley, making domain analysis, making taxonomic analysis, and making component analysis. The results show that the traditional TB riddle includes the types of existential, lexical, structural, factive, non-factive and counterfactual presuppositions. Presupposition is something abstract that bridges between the speaker's speech and the reaction/answer of the listener. The entire process is within the scope of the context that overshadows every speech situation. The effect of this context can cause single presuppositions, double presumptions, and vague presumptions in the listener/respondent. Context also influences the listener in making an answer from one or more presuppositions that arise in his or her mind
The Analysis of Qualifying Adjective Comparison Between English and French
No full textThe purpose of this study is to describe the English and French qualifying adjectives in order to determine the similarities and differences in their structure and function. The study will improve students' perceptions of the two languages' adjectives and help to clear up some misconceptions in the study of both the English adjective and the French adjective. This study compares and contrasts qualifying adjectives in English and French. The research data was taken by using descriptive qualitative methods. In order to conduct this study, the data was gathered through reading a few grammar books in both English and French, particularly those that focused on qualifying adjectives. The form and function analysis was used to classify the data according to its methods in order to determine the similarities and differences between English and French. According to the research, there are several structural and functional similarities and differences between qualifying adjectives in English and French. In French, qualifying adjectives fulfill the grammatical functions of épithété and attribute.66 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Strategi dan Transfer dalam Tindak Tutur Penolakan Bahasa Perancis oleh Mahasiswa Indonesia
No full textThe dissertation is a study on French language students’ speech act of refusal
strategic in French and in Indonesian language. As comparison, researcher
examine students speech act of refusal strategic as well in Indonesian to identify
pragmatic. transfer between two languages. Speech acts of refusal strategic
analyzed by vocabulary, effectiveness, structure, and also politeness. The aims of
this study are to describe how is (a) French students’ speech act of refusal
Strategy in French () French students” speech act of refusal strategy in French
(c) Indonesian language students speech act of refusal strategy in Indonesia (d)
Pragmatic transfer during a speech in French and Indonesian. This study used a
qualitative approach method. The data were collected by TWD (Test Writing
Discourse) and play a role. The respondents were student in French language and
Indonesian language at State University of Medan which chosen based on
purpose sampling technique. The result of the research shows that, in speech act
of refusal strategic, students translated Indonesian words into French which
resulting inaccuracy of vocabulary election. Both French and Indonesian
language students tend to realize speech act of refusal strategic with compound
Sentences consisting of two, three even four clauses. Indonesian language directly
influenced speech act of refusal in French in forming sentences through the
placement of pronouns, adjectives and adverbs. Whereas, the effectiveness of
Sentence in French are totally different with Indonesian language. In terms of
politeness, speech act of refusal in French is very similar with Indonesian
language. Politeness is only be able to be seen in using of words, such as madame
(mother), monsieur (sir) and the expression of merci, je sus, dé sole and excusez
moi. Furthermare, pragmatic transfer from Indonesian to French is able to be
seen in using of long sentences and beat around the bush, as in Indonesian as if
the longer the sentences, the more mannered meaning contained. The politeness
of French language is shown by the using of pak, bu, bang and kak as in
Indonesian language, without any substitution processes such as interpretation of
verbs to form conditional. Pragmatic transfer from French to Indonesian is only
able 10 be seen at the using of the words madame, monsieur, when interact in
Indonesian between lecture and student.579 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Linguistic Landscape Study on Food and Beverage Signage in Medan’s Shopping Mall
No full textThis research examines the linguistic landscape study on food and beverage commercial signage in Medan's shopping mall. The data source for the study is taken from billboard signage at Sun Plaza and Plaza Medan Fair food and beverage outlet area. Using the theory of Characteristics of Language by Cenoz and Gorter, the study aims to (1) identify the languages used on food and beverage signage within the linguistic landscape and (2) describe the characteristics of these languages on food and beverage signage in shopping malls. Descriptive qualitative was applied as the research methodology to achieve the objectives of the study by obtaining 101 signage as primary data and the contextual as secondary data, which consist of monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual. The data is focused on linguistic signs in Sun Plaza and Plaza Medan Fair food and beverage outlet, which includes indoor and outdoor areas. There are 10 languages used in the signage, they are English, Indonesian, French, Japanese, Chinese, Spanish, Korean, Italian, Arabic, and Thai. The results show that Sun Plaza has 71 signage and Plaza Medan Fair has 30 signage. Furthermore, the result shows that English is dominant at first order from the total 101 LL billboard signage; the size and font of text are mostly similar, the type of translation is mostly a non-literal, but some of them have no translations. These signs are not just about language diversity; they serve as a means of communication that highlights the nature and details of the products available.92 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Lexicostatistics of Deli Malay and Aceh Languages: A Comparative Historical Linguistic Study
No full textOur ancestors' languages, which evolved over time are the foundation of our languages today. As humans moved, ancient languages split into new ones. These languages broke from their parents due to social, natural, and environmental links as people moved. In the end, humans are capable of knowing how the languages of the world are related. The purposes of this research are to explain the kinship relationship and figure out the separation time and age of Deli Malay Language and Aceh Language. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. The data was obtained by using the interview method, which is in accordance with Morris Swades' 200 basic vocabularies and note taking technique. Data analysis used lexicostatistical and glottochronological methods. The kinship relationship between Deli Malay and Aceh can be grouped into the categories of pairs that have identical correspondence of 21 pairs, phonemic correspondence of 39 pairs, phonetic correspondence of 29 pairs, and phonemic correspondence of 10 pairs. Thus, the number of cognates between Deli Malay and Aceh is 99 out of 200 glosses collected. The results of the research are that after lexicostatistical calculations, the percentage of kinship between Deli Malay and Aceh is 49.5%, which can be grouped into family group. Based on glottochronological studies, Deli Malay and Aceh are believed to have separated around 1620 years ago, around 404 AD (calculated in 2024). In addition, based on error analysis, Deli Malay and Aceh were once a unified language around 1760-1480 years ago, precisely between AD 264 and AD 544 (calculated in 2024).98 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Ambiguitas Leksikal dalam Film Knives Out (2019): Sebuah Analisis Semantik
No full textThis research aimed to analyze lexical ambiguity and the dimensions of meaning in the Knives Out (2019) movie, focusing on how ambiguous language contributes to the narrative and character interactions. As a mystery film, Knives Out presents various dialogues that involve linguistically creative expressions. Lyons’ theory (1977) on lexical ambiguity, which includes homonymy and polysemy, and Leech’s theory (1981) on seven types of meaning, that are conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflected, collocative, and thematic meaning, were applied as the main frameworks of analysis. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method by identifying and describing the ambiguous expressions and their meaning in the film. The results show that there are 80 occurrences of lexical ambiguity, with polysemy appearing more frequently than homonymy. Furthermore, all seven types of meaning proposed by Leech were found in the dialogues, showing that meaning in the film is layered and context-dependent. The findings indicate that lexical ambiguity in Knives Out plays a crucial role in delivering clues, misdirection, and humor, enriching the viewers’ interpretative experience and supporting the film’s genre as a mystery.140 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Metafora Cinta dalam Bahasa Angkola
No full textThis research analyzed the categorization and conseptual mapping of
LOVE metaphors in Angkola language. The data obtained by using the
observation and interview methods which is conducted through the field research.
The data is analyzed by using the identity method and the appropriateness method
of the word with the tiangulation technique. This research uses the Conseptual
Methapor Theory by using schema of image as analysis tool. The finding show
that conseptualization of love in Angkola language derive nine main methapor
such as FLUID, FORCE, WILD ANIMAL, PATIENT, JOURNEY, WAR,
OBJECT, UNITY, and GAME. Category of LOVE IS A FLUID IN A
CONTAINER have subcategory of LOVE IS HEAT and LOVE IS FIRE; category
of LOVE IS FORCE have subcategory of LOVE IS PHYSICAL FORCE, LOVE IS
NATURAL FORCE, and LOVE IS PSYCHOLOGICAL FORCE; category of LOVE
IS PATIENT have subcategory of LOVE IS MAD; category of LOVE IS OBJECT
have subcategory of LOVE IS HIDDEN OBJECT, LOVE IS VALUABLE
COMMODITY, LOVE IS PLANT, and LOVE IS BUILDING; and category of
LOVE IS UNITY have subcategory of LOVE IS ROPE. Futhermore, the mapping
of love experience domain consist of five basic schema such as schema of
CONTAINER, FORCE, SOURCE-PATH-GOAL, SPACE, and LINK. In this
mapping the systematical relevancy between the source domain and goal domain
involves force and control aspect.Tulisan ini membahas kategorisasi dan pemetaan konseptual pada
metafora CINTA dalam bahasa Angkola. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan
menggunakan metode simak dan metode cakap melalui studi lapangan. Seluruh
data dianalisis dengan menerapkan metode padan dan keabsahannya diuji dengan
teknik triangulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Metafora Konseptual dengan
mengembangkan skema-citra sebagai alat analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa konseptualisasi cinta dalam bahasa Angkola bersumber dari sembilan citra
metaforis utama, yaitu CAIRAN, DAYA, BINATANG BUAS, PASIEN,
PERJALANAN, PERANG, BENDA, KESATUAN, dan PERMAINAN. Kategori
CINTA sebagai CAIRAN DALAM WADAH memiliki subkategori CINTA sebagai
PANAS dan CINTA sebagai API; kategori CINTA sebagai DAYA memiliki
subkategori CINTA sebagai DAYA FISIK, CINTA sebagai DAYA ALAMI, dan
CINTA sebagai DAYA PSIKOLOGIS; kategori CINTA sebagai PASIEN memiliki
subkategori CINTA sebagai KEGILAAN; kategori CINTA sebagai BENDA
memiliki subkategori CINTA sebagai OBJEK TERSEMBUNYI, CINTA sebagai
KOMODITAS BERHARGA, CINTA sebagai TANAMAN, dan CINTA sebagai
BANGUNAN; dan kategori CINTA sebagai KESATUAN memiliki subkategori
CINTA sebagai TALI. Selanjutnya, pemetaan ranah-ranah pengalaman cinta ditata
atas lima skema dasar, yaitu skema WADAH, skema DAYA, skema SUMBERJALUR-
TUJUAN, skema RUANG, dan skema HUBUNGAN. Dalam pemetaan
itu, persesuaian yang sistematis antara ranah sumber dan ranah sasaran melibatkan
gagasan daya dan gagasan kendali.192 HalamanTesis Magiste
Ciri Akustik Kalimat Interogatif Bahasa Perancis di Akademi Pariwisata Medan
No full textThe research is intended to describe the acoustic characteristics of
interrogatives in French namely the frequency, intensity and duration as they are
spoken by the students at the departments of MTH and MTB in AKPAR Medan. The
voice of these students are compared with the native speakers of French to find act
the accuracy the fluency of the students. The data were obtained by recording the
voices of 20 students. Having been obtained, the data were then processed through
the help of the Praat software version 4.0.27. Based on the results of the data
processing, measurements of frequency, intensity and duration of the voices were
conducted which were then followed by measurement of acoustic characteristics of
the spoken interrogatives of French in the records.
There are three findings in this research: the frequency of interrogatives of
French spoken by male students in the departments of MTB and MTH is lower than
male native speakers, the intensity is higher than native speakers, the duration is
longer than native speakers. The frequency of interrogative of French spoken by
female students in departments of MTB and MTH is lower than female native
speakers, the intensity is higher than native speakers, the duration is lower than
native speakers.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ciri akustik interogatif Bahasa
Perancis yaitu frekuensi, intensitas, dan durasi sebagaimana dituturkan oleh
mahasiswa jurusan MTH dan MTB di AKPAR Medan. Suara dari mahasiswa mahasiswa ini dibandingkan dengan penutur asli bahasa Perancis untuk melihat
kefasihan mahasiswa tersebut. Data diambil dari merekam suara responden yang
berjumlah dua puluh orang. Setelah data terkumpul, lalu diolah dengan bantuan
program komputer Praat versi 4.0.27. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, selanjutnya
pengukuran frekuensi, intensitas dan durasi dilakukan pengukuran ciri akustik
terhadap tuturan interogatif bahasa Perancis tersebut.
Berdasarkan penelitian ciri akustik kalimat interogatif bahasa Perancis secara
umum menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi kalimat interogatif bahasa Perancis mahasiswa
laki-laki MTB (Manajemen Tata Boga) dan mahasiswa MTH (Manajemen Tata
Hidangan lebih rendah dari penutur asli. Intensitas mahasiswa laki-laki MTB dan
MTH lebih tinggi dari penutur asli. Durasi mahasiswa laki-laki MTB dan MTH lebih
lama dari penutur asli. Frekuensi kalimat interogatif mahasiswa perempuan MTB dan
MTH lebih rendah dari penutur asli. Intensitas mahasiswa perempuan MTB dan MTH
lebih tinggi dari penutur asli. Durasi mahasiswa perempuan MTB dan MTH lebih
lama dari penutur asli perempuan.128 HalamanTesis Magiste
