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Tadut as a medium of Dakwah: The transmission of Islamic values through local wisdom
Full text linkTadut, a form of lyrical poetry rooted in Kedurang, South Bengkulu, has historically served as a medium of consolation in times of bereavement and as an instrument of dakwah (Islamic religious outreach). While modernization and shifting cultural preferences have diminished its practice, Tadut remains a significant locus where Islamic values and local wisdom intersect. This study aimed to analyze the Islamic values embedded in tadut and to assess its role as a medium of religious communication and moral education within the Kedurang community. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, structured interviews with community elders, and documentation of tadut performances. The data were then analyzed using interactive model of data analysis with triangulation to ensure validity. The findings reveal that Tadut encapsulates core Islamic values, including (1) monotheism and obedience to Allah; (2) belief in angels, scriptures, and divine decree (qada and qadar); (3) reinforcement of obligatory worship, particularly the five daily prayers (salat); and (4) cultivation of noble character such as patience, sincerity, and resilience in facing life’s trials. The study demonstrates that tadut functions not only as a ritual of communal consolation but also as a dynamic form of oral pedagogy that embeds theology, worship, and ethics into daily life. Its novelty lies in highlighting Tadut as a contextual and emotionally engaging medium of dakwah, bridging oral traditions with Islamic communication theory. The implications suggest that revitalizing Tadut, through educational integration and cultural preservation, can sustain its role as a heritage practice and a relevant medium for transmitting Islamic values to future generations
Applying AI-enhanced digital games in teaching English vocabulary
Full text linkThe current study examines the perspectives of EFL university teachers regarding the application of AI-enhanced digital games in teaching English vocabulary. This study was conducted in the first semester of the 2025-2026 academic year. It examines the challenges that EFL university teachers encounter when utilizing AI-enhanced digital games in vocabulary instruction and the suggestions they offer for overcoming them. To achieve these objectives, the study employs two tools for data collection: a questionnaire and a structured interview. The questionnaire targets 60 EFL teachers at various Saudi universities. Moreover, ten experienced teachers are selected to respond to the interview questions. Data analysis of both the questionnaire and the interview indicates that teachers have positive attitudes about using AI-enhanced games in teaching English vocabulary. They view AI-enhanced digital games as a successful teaching method for enhancing student motivation and engagement by promoting a sense of autonomy and competence. The findings further demonstrate the importance of AI-enhanced games in transforming conventional learning activities into engaging and interactive experiences. The findings also indicate that teachers face numerous obstacles when attempting to use these games, including technical difficulties, inadequate training, a lack of technological proficiency, and insufficient time for students to interact with one another. Given these challenges, the study recommends offering teachers a brief training workshop on these AI-enhanced games or tools prior to their implementation. It also proposes providing ongoing technical support, allocating time for teachers’ development and experimentation with tools, and incorporating evaluation standards to assess the impact of educational games on both short- and long-term student outcomes
Thematic and linguistic representations of cultural identity in Batak Toba songs (1980–2025)
Full text linkAlthough songs of Batak Toba are crucial for the survival of language, transmission of values, and ethnic pride, up to now most of the previous research has only been analyzed from a certain point of view such as the role of gender, speech patterns, or semiotics. This prohibits thematic, cross-time studies from being conducted. To address this void, the current study took a descriptive qualitative approach to examine the lyrics of 100 Batak Toba songs composed between 1980 and 2025. The lyrics were coded, clustered, and interpreted according to Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis to identify the major cultural themes. The analysis revealed five motifs: love and romance, family and kinship, spirituality and faith, cultural identity and homeland, and counsel, morality, and life’s challenges. Love and romance was the most frequent theme, including happiness, loyalty, tension, and sorrow. Family and kinship featured parental sacrifice, respect and intergenerational relationships. Spirituality and faith were expressed through Christian belief and Batak values, and cultural identity and homeland invoked pride and nostalgia as well as an emotional tie to the land of ancestors even as the people migrates. Counsel and morality redressed determination, good attitude, and intergenerational wisdom. These themes are closely connected to Batak Toba philosophy in general and more specifically to the Dalihan Na Tolu (batak “three-legged furnace”) philosophy in terms of (respect, love, harmony), as well as the ideals of Hasangapon (honor), Hagabeon (future generation), and Hamoraon (wealth). This study reveals Batak Toba songs as living cultural archives where private feelings and collective identity are entwined; Thus, this research signifies Batak Toba songs as a cultural archive. It also suggests a closer interdisciplinary examination of ethnomusicology and cultural studies on the way indigenous philosophies inform creative output
The consequences of the Second Palestinian Intifada and its economic and social impact on the Palestinian people “2000-2005” - According to documentation from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Full text linkThis study sheds light on the profound impacts of the Second Palestinian Intifada on the economic and social fabric of Palestinian society between 2000 and 2005. The study aims to quantify the Intifada’s effects across various units of the Palestinian community, by analyzing data from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics and evaluating the dynamics of the impacts. The analyzed result indicated that the crisis exacerbated an existing economic crisis, resulting in deteriorating living conditions characterized by increased poverty and unemployment rates in Palestine. Consequently, Palestinians endured a prolonged excruciating hardship, with household incomes plummeting and the number of individuals living below the poverty line skyrocketing to an unimaginable figure. Unemployment rates surged by more than 27% on average, further exacerbating the socio-economic challenges faced by the Palestinian population
Contemporary Kenyan culture and identity in children\u27s literature
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Studies have established the important role played by children’s literature in Kenya as a carrier of culture and identity, with the focus on post-colonial Kenya and indigenous Kenyan culture. Being a product of the society, this literature has developed further in response to the contemporary Kenyan society as portrayed in this study. This paper analyses the representation of contemporary Kenyan culture and identity in three selected children’s fictional texts: A New Dawn by Njoki Gitumbi; Back to the Roots by Egara Kabaji and That’s a Deal by Lilian Ayatta. Cultural and identity issues in the texts are analyzed using categorical distinctions from the Sociological Literary Theory and the Theory of Nations and Nationalism respectively. The study demonstrates that the selected texts are avenues for interrogating what it means to be Kenyan in the contemporary context. The texts are a representation of how Kenyan children literature has developed alongside the Kenyan society. The concerns of the texts reveal how past and present experiences in Kenya affect the norms of behavior, values and attitudes of the present Kenyan society. The significance of the selected children’s books as sites for transmission of culture and construction of identity in the contemporary Kenyan society is established.
Unraveling sentence complexities in reading comprehension passages: A deconstructive approach for competitive exams
Full text linkCompetitive exams serve as reliable and standardized assessment tools for entry into universities and workplaces alike. Beyond assessing language skills, they meticulously evaluate the ability to reason logically and analyze information. Reading comprehension plays a pivotal role in these exams since it evaluates the reasoning skills and language ability. Sentences in competitive exam reading comprehension passages are intentionally intricate to puzzle the readers. This paper advocates deconstruction of passages whereby the sentences are broken into parts to analyze the twists in the sentence structure, decipher the ambiguities, and comprehend them completely. It shows the results of an experimental study that involved a heterogeneous group of about eighty tertiary learners. They were trained to break the sentences, simplify the complications, interpret the meanings accurately, and answer the questions that follow. Passages and sentences from competitive exams such as the GRE, GMAT, GATE, IELTS, TOEFL, etc., are used to create real-time problem-solving scenarios. This intervention exposed the learners to several sentence styles and refined the structural awareness of the passages. Thereby, the learner improvements in performances were evaluated. It is evident that deconstruction and syntactic analyses have influenced the interpretation of the passage and enhanced accuracy
Dimensions of interactivity in Iraqi newspaper websites
Full text linkInteractivity is one of the most important aspects of digital media, it plays significant roles in the communication process, allowing the user to engage directly with the communicator and the news they publish, or with other users who share their interests and preferences. Interactivity with its tools has become a subject of interest to understand its dimensions, levels, types, and characteristics, in addition to its flaws or weaknesses in media and journalism, in order to diagnose and address them. Therefore, this research aims to identify the dimensions of interactivity in a sample of Iraqi newspaper websites, which are (ALMADA), (AZZAMAN), (ALSABAH ALJADED), and (ALMUSTAKBAL ALIRAQI), using a scale that includes a number of indicators. The research is descriptive; the researchers followed the survey methodology to achieve the objectives. The researchers reached a set of results and conclusions, the most prominent of which is the clear weakness in the dimensions of interactivity within the Iraqi newspaper websites, as many indicators were neglected, and no attention was given to the dimension of user response, which is an important dimension that cannot be dispensed with in the communication process
A comparative analysis of the representation of gender equality Awareness in Lucy, The Woman Warrior and The God of Small Things novels
Full text linkThis research aims at exploring gender equality represented in three novels namely Lucy, The Woman Warrior and The God Small Things Novels. This study employed qualitative and quantitative approach. This study applied feminist literary criticism and pragmatic theories. Questioners were addressed to 48 women students of Department of English Literature, Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas who have read the novels to see if they are empowered. From the analysis, it can be concluded that those the three novels empower women to be more aware of gender equality specially fighting for rights, freedom and opportunities. By appreciating, the novels, the women/students understand and measure their self-potential to develop, understand the norms and customs and how to respond, and underline that education is one of the most crucial things to enhance self-values through studying hard, finishing study on time, and finding jobs. From 48 women students who are addressed the questioners, 47 corresponds give yes answers. It means that the novels empower them to be aware of gender equality
Intersexuality and its discontents: An analysis of Vijayarajamallika’s journey as an intersex person in Mallikavasantham
Full text linkIn India, the intersex community, clinically known as persons with disorder of sex development (DSD), persist to be one of the marginalised and stigmatised sexual minority, despite the attempts to achieve queer liberation. Due to their non-conforming sexual and gender identity, they are usually labeled as abnormal, and this often results in them undergoing medical interventions before they reach the age of consent. Vijayarajamallika, a transgender poet from Kerala, is such an intersex person who was subjected to hormone therapy without her informed consent, at a very young age. This paper explores the socio-cultural perspectives which stigmatises intersexuality in India, through an analysis of Vijayarajamallika’s autobiography, Mallikavasantham (2019). It brings forth how the binary construction of sex and gender, and the reluctance to accept sex as a spectrum, alienates and marginalises them. The study also traces how the medical procedures Mallika underwent led to her loss of agency and bodily autonomy, and how this eventually deteriorated her mental and physical health and resulted in psychological issues. It sheds light on the importance of accepting intersex embodiment in its plurality and concludes that only the adoption of an agency-based model of intersex could support them to achieve liberation. The significance of this paper lies in the absence of a comprehensive literary study in the mentioned area, especially in the cultural landscape of India
An investigation on dysfunction of local wisdom in development in Simalungun regency
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the sociocultural phenomenon of dysfunction and degradation of local wisdom in the implementation of development in Simalungun Regency. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Primary data were collected through field research by conducting in-depth interviews with informants. Secondary data were obtained through library research. The technique for selecting informants was purposive sampling with 16 selected informants representing government figures, community leaders, traditional leaders, religious leaders, and communities who have in-depth and specific knowledge of the problem being studied. Data analysis began with data collection activities, compiling interview transcripts, data tabulation, data presentation, data reduction, data classification, data interpretation and formulation of conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Simalungun local wisdom has an important role in optimizing the implementation of development in Simalungun Regency, but empirically, this local wisdom has experienced dysfunction and degradation in the implementation of development. Development in Simalungun Regency must involve all elements of society, optimize resource utilization, community empowerment, and re-function local wisdom with a cultural approach in the form of; Marharoan Bolon, Sapangambei Manoktok Hitei, Habonaron do Bona, Tolu Sahundulan Lima Saodoran, Marsialopari, Marsiurupan and other local wisdom in implementing development in Simalungun Regency