274 research outputs found
Küresel Helal Yaşam Perspektifinden Müzekki’n-Nüfûs (Nefislerin Terbiyesi) Kitap Kritiği
No full textThis article focuses on the concept and criteria of "halal living" as presented in the work Müzekki’n-Nüfûs by the great sufi, scholar, and perfect guide Eşrefoğlu Rumi (d. 1470), who was the second spiritual leader of the Qadiriyya order after Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani (d. 1166) and the founder of the Eşrefiyye branch. Written in Turkish, this religious, sufi, and prose work, composed in a language understandable to everyone, holds significant importance in the spread of sufism in Anatolia and in the history of Turkish sufi thought. Eşrefoğlu Rumi\u27s (d. 1470) work was written during a period when the Ottoman Empire was flourishing. From this perspective, the purpose of writing the book is very striking and exemplary. The content of the book is shaped in response to the corruption and degeneration observed by the author in the state and social structures. He endeavored to guide people towards goodness, virtue, and becoming perfect human beings. The author emphasized the purification of the soul, human education, acquiring good morals, and living and thinking in accordance with the wisdom of creation and existence. According to the work, this direction can be expressed as "thinking halal, living halal, avoiding haram, and abstaining from sins." If a person adopts the concept of halal as a life philosophy, it is possible for the heart and other organs to remain within the halal circle, making the person a perfect believer. The author is a well-known, reputable, reliable, upright, and monotheistic great Sufi. He is a prominent figure in the Qadiriyya order, one of the most widespread and influential orders in the Islamic and Ottoman geography. According to the work, the most fundamental and obvious rule of a life that will gain the approval of Allah (c.c.) in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah is to comprehend the "halal/haram line and truth." This understanding is written in a simple and sincere language that everyone can understand within a sufi perspective. The work has a systematic approach that covers every aspect of human life, from intentions to actions, showing a roadmap. The book consists of 378 pages and 109 chapters. In the book, the word "halal" is mentioned 59 times, and the word "haram" is mentioned 130 times. According to the work, halal living is possible primarily by avoiding haram, wrong, bad, and ugly things, and sins, through remembrance (dhikr) and worship.Bu makalede, Abdülkâdir Geylânî Hazretlerinden (ö. 561/1166) sonra Kâdiriye tarikatının ikinci pîri, Eşrefiyye kolunun kurucusu büyük mutasavvıf, âlim, arif, kâmil mürşid Eşrefoğlu Rûmî Hazretlerinin (ö. 874/1470) Müzekki’n-Nüfûs isimli eserinde yer alan “helal yaşam” anlayışı ve ölçüleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Herkesin anlayabileceği bir şekilde Türkçe yazılan mensur eser; dinî ve tasavvufi özellikleri ile tasavvufun Anadolu’da yayılmasında ,Türk tasavvuf ve düşünce tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Eşrefoğlu Rûmî bu eserini Osmanlı Devleti’nin gelişmiş olduğu bir dönemde kaleme almıştır. Bu açıdan kitabı yazma amacı çok dikkat çekici, ibretamizdir. Söz konusu kitabın muhtevası, müellifin devlet ile toplum yapısında müşahede ettiği bozulma ve yozlaşmalara karşı şekillenmiştir. O, halkı hayra, iyiliğe, kâmil insan olmaya, sevk etmeye çalışmıştır. Müellif nefislerin terbiyesi, insanın eğitimi, güzel ahlakın kazanılması, yaratılış ile varoluşun hikmetine uygun düşünme ve yaşama tarzı üzerinde durmuştur. Esere göre bu istikamet, “helal düşünme, helal yaşama, haramlardan uzak durma ve günahlardan kaçınma” olarak ifade edilebilir. İnsan, hayat felsefesi olarak helal anlayışı benimserse kalbin ve diğer azaların helal dairesinde kalması, kişinin kâmil mümin olması mümkündür. Müellif maruf, meşhur, muteber, mutemet, müstakim ve muvahhit büyük bir sufidir. İslam ve Osmanlı coğrafyasında en yaygın ve en etkin tarikatlardan sayılan Kâdiriye’nin öncü simasıdır. Esere göre, Kur’ân’a ve Sünnet’e uygun, Allah (c.c.)’ın rızasını kazanacak bir hayatın en temel ve en bariz kaidesi “helal ve haram çizgisinin hakikatini” idrak etmektir. Bu telakki aynı zamanda, tasavvufi bir anlayış içerisinde, her kesimin anlayabileceği sade ve samimi bir dille yazılmıştır. Eser, insanın “kul” olarak niyetinden hareketlerine hayatının her tarafını kapsayan, yol haritası gösteren bir sistematiğe sahiptir. Kitap 109 (yüz dokuz) bölümden oluşmaktadır. Kitapta “helal” kelimesi 59 (elli dokuz), “haram” kelimesi ise 130 (yüz otuz) yerde geçmektedir. Esere göre, helal yaşam, öncelikle haramdan, yanlış, kötü, çirkin, olan şeylerden ve günahlardan kaçınmakla, zikir ve ibadetler ile mümkündür
Supplementary_file – Supplemental material for Silymarin and silymarin nanoparticles guard against chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice: involvement of neurogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_file for Silymarin and silymarin nanoparticles guard against chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice: involvement of neurogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome by Aya Ashraf, Passant A. Mahmoud, Haidy Reda, Salma Mansour, Mehad H Helal, Haidy E Michel and Maha Nasr in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
Fault-Tolerant Network Topologies for Datacenters
No full textA Master of Science thesis in Computer Engineering by Heba Mahmoud Helal Attia entitled, "Fault-Tolerant Network Topologies for Datacenters," submitted in May 2017. Thesis advisor is Dr. Rana Ahmed. Soft and hard copy available. Embargo expires February 08, 2018.Data centers are an integral part of cloud computing infrastructure to support various cloud-based services such as web search, email, social networking, distributed file systems and scientific computing. Data centers provide huge computational power and storage, reliability, availability, and cost-effective solutions needed by the cloud applications. A data center network (DCN) topology connects thousands of servers within the datacenter and to the external world. The topology is vulnerable to failures due to the presence of huge number of servers, switches and links. Several data center network topologies have been proposed and implemented; however, most of them lack the ability to recover from failures. One of the biggest challenges in DCN is to provide a graceful degradation in performance in the event of a link or server failure. Fault-tolerance in a DCN topology can be provided by adding extra hardware (switches, links) or by provisioning of multiple redundant routing paths among servers. This thesis proposes two new fault-tolerant DCN topologies derived from the standard topology. The proposed topologies, − and −, are both cost-effective and scalable. In addition, the proposed topologies enhance the overall performance (throughput and latency) of topology, and offer graceful performance degradation in the case of a link or server failure. Furthermore, we propose a new mechanism to select the optimal path between the hosts in the topology using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Performance evaluation of the proposed topologies and techniques is done through a simulation study using realistic intra-datacenter traffic models, and the results are compared with the standard topology. The comparison is done in terms of various metrics such as throughput, latency, diameter, and average shortest path length. The simulation results show that the proposed topologies outperform the standard topology due to the availability of multiple alternate shortest paths between any pair of servers, resulting in an improvement of about 5% in throughput even for a small-size network. GA algorithm for the path selection is applied to the two proposed topologies, and it is found that there is a further improvement of about 2% in the throughput of the topologies.College of EngineeringDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringMaster of Science in Computer Engineering (MSCoE
Yağ asitlerinin mono- ve diliseritlerinin üretimi, kullanımı, sağlığı etkisi ve analizi üzerine bir değerlendirme
No full text* Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] (Assoc. Prof. Hasan Hüseyin KARA)
* Hasan Hüseyin Kara. Necmettin Erbakan University, Health Sciences Faculty, Nutrition and Dietetics Department,
Konya, Turkey.
* Yasemin Bor. Afyon Kocatepe University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Food Engineering
Department, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.Mono- and diglycerides (M- and DG) are nonionic molecules containing
both hydrophobic (with fatty acids) and hydrophilic (with -OH group) sides.While plant oils and animal fats are the natural sources for mono- and
di-glycerides, they can be produced by either synthetically or enzymatically via direct esterification or transesterification processes. Because of
stabilizing and conditioning properties, biodegradability, safe usage, and
inertness in taste and odor, they are evaluated as emulsifying molecules
mainly in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, textile and plastic industries.
European Union (EU) defined mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids as
food additive and called as E471. The additives both improve functional
properties and stabilize the foodstuff during production, storage and consumption. FDA and WHO indicate the additives as safe and no limitation
on consumption while suitability of M- and DG for infants under the age
of 12 weeks is not cleared yet. This study was prepared due to consumer
concerns about the use of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids as food
additives. The aim of this study is the health concerns of consumers and
also halal food concerns of Muslim consumers, regarding the use of monoand diglycerides of fatty acids as food additives.Mono- ve digliseritler (M- ve DG), hem hidrofobik (yağ asitleri ile) hem
de hidrofilik (-OH grubuile) uçları içeren, iyonik olmayan moleküllerdir.
Bitkisel yağlar ve hayvansal yağlar monogliseritler ve digliseritler için doğal kaynaklar olsa da, bunlar doğrudan esterifikasyon veya transesterifikasyon işlemleriyle sentetik veya enzimatik olarak üretilebilirler. Dengeleyici ve yumuşatıcı özellikleri, biyobozunurluk, güvenli kullanım ve tatta
ve bazen de kokudaki kararsızlık nedeniyle, özellikle gıda, kozmetik, ilaç,
tekstil ve plastik endüstrilerinde emülsifiye edici moleküller olarak değerlendirilirler. Avrupa Birliği (AB), yağ asitlerinin mono ve gliseritlerini
gıda katkı maddesi olarak tanımlamıştır ve E471 olarak kodlamıştır.Gıda katkı maddeleri hem fonksiyonel özellikleri geliştirmekte, hem de üretim, depolama ve tüketim
sırasında gıda maddelerini stabilize etmektedir. FDA ve WHO, M- ve DG’ nin güvenli olduğunu ve
tüketimde sınırlama olmadığını belirtirken, M- ve DG 'in 12 haftalık bebeklerin tüketimi için uygunluğu
henüz açıklığa kavuşturulamamıştır.
Bu çalışma, tüketicilerin yağ asitlerinin mono ve digliseritlerinin gıda katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı
konusundaki endişeleri nedeniyle hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yağ asitlerinin mono ve digliseritlerinin gıda katkı maddesi olarak kullanımıyla ilgili olarak tüketicilerin sağlık endişeleri ve ayrıca
Müslüman tüketicilerin helal gıda endişelerinin değerlendirilmesidir
Abu Bakr Muhammed at Turtushi, Sirāj al-Mulūk
No full textBu çalışmada Endülüs alimlerinden Muhammed Ebubekir et-Turtuşi’nin Sirâcü’l Mûlük isimli siyaset, tarih felsefesi, ahlak ve kamu hukukunun temel ilkelerine dair kaleme aldığı kitap değerlendirilmektedir. Turtuşi’nin bu eseri siyasetnameler arasında önemli bir yere ve etkiye sahiptir. Endülüs alimi olmakla birlikte Irak, Suriye ve Mısır’da yaşamış, Endülüs’te kazandığı ilmi birikimini Şam ve Bağdat gibi şehirlere giderek katıldığı ilim meclislerinde artırmıştır. Müellif eserde yöneticilere öğütler vermektedir. Sirâcü’l Mûlük’te öne çıkan en temel hususun “hakk’ı söylemek, helal düşünme, helal konuşma, helal davranma ve helal yaşama” olduğu söylenebilir. Eserde hükümdarlara, vezirlere, ileri gelen devlet yöneticilerine ve yargıçlara hitap edilmektedir. İslam tarihinin geçmiş dönemlerinde yaşanan önemli olaylar, örnekler, alimlerin düşünceleri, uyarıları ve sözleri aktarılmaktadır. Bunların yanında müellif farklı medeniyet ve kültürlerden filozofların görüşlerine, kralların, yöneticilerin sözlerine, birikimlerine ve yaşadıklarına yer vermektedir. Kur\u27an-ı Kerim ayetleri ve hadis-i şerif’lerin yanında, Peygamberler, alimler, arifler ve hikmet ehlinin nükteleri, kralların, sultanların, halifelerin hatıraları dikkat çekici tarzda yazılmıştır. Yöneticilere akıcı, etkileyici, akla ve gönüllere hitap eden tarzda sunulan nasihatler, uyarılar, ibret tabloları ve geçmişten örnekler ile bir yol haritası sunulmaktadır. Eserde yöneticilerin sorumlulukları, devletin ekonomik durumu, ordunun bakımı, savaş stratejileri gibi konular da bulunmakta; hükümdarlara, sultanlara, yöneticilere yönelik uyulması gereken ilkeler, kurallar ile hikmetler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Eserin yazılış tarzında iyi, güzel ve doğru misaller, kötü, çirkin ve yanlışlarla mukayese edilerek bir ahenk içerisinde yer almıştır. Hukuki ve ahlaki ilkelere dayalı, “helal/ haram yaşam” ayrımını ve hassasiyetini temel alan eser; kişi, toplum ve devlet açısından bu ayrıma dair bir bakış açısı, tefekkür ve muhakeme özelliği taşımaktadır. Kitap, geniş bir coğrafyada yüzyıllarca etkili olmuştur. Turtuşi’nin Sirâcü’l Mûlük’u zamanımız itibariyle de etkin ve canlı ahlak, siyasetname eseridir. Kitap altmış dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. “Hükümdara Öğütler” diye başlar, alışılan sistematik bir konu tasnifi görülmeden kendine has bir tarzda devam eder. Bu farklı üslup, kitabın akıcı, çekici ve etkili olmasını sağlamaktadır.In this study, the book Sirāj al-Mulūk written by Imam Abu Bakr Muhammad at-Turtushi, one of the Andalusian scholars known as a Maliki jurist and ascetic person, on the basic principles of politics, history philosophy, ethics and public law will be evaluated. This work of Turtushi has an important place and influence among political books. In addition to being an Andalusian scholar, he lived in Iraq, Syria and Egypt; in scientific assemblies, he increased his scientific accumulation that he gained in Andalusia by going to the cities like Damascus and Baghdad. The author gives advices to the managers. It can be said that the most basic point in Siraj al-Muluk is “to say the truth, halal thinking, halal speaking, halal behavior, halal living”. In the work, rulers, viziers, notable state administrators and judges are addressed. Important events experienced in the past periods of Islamic history, examples, thoughts, warnings and words of scholars are conveyed. In addition to these, the author gives a place to the views of philosophers from different civilizations and cultures, the words of kings and rulers, and their experiences. The wits of the prophets, scholars, and people of wisdom, and the memories of kings, sultans and caliphs were written in a remarkable style in addition to the verses of the Qur\u27an and Hadith Sharif. A road map is presented to the managers with the advices, warnings, lesson tables, examples from the past presented in a fluent and impressive way that appeals to the mind and the heart. In the work, there are subjects such as the responsibilities of the rulers, the economic situation of the state, the maintenance of the army, war strategies, and the principles, rules and wisdoms that should be followed for the rulers, sultans and administrators are emphasized. In the writing style of the work, good, beautiful and correct examples took place in a harmony by being compared with bad, ugly and wrongs. The work, which is based on legal and moral principles and based on the distinction and sensitivity of "halal / haram" life, has the feature of point of view, contemplation and reasoning in terms of individual, public and state. The book has been influential in a wide geography for centuries. Turtushi is a person who reflects his beliefs and thoughts on his life, and bravely tells his views and observations to the top managers and the public. Siraj al-Muluk by Turtushi is an active and lively work of political books and moral as of our time. The book has sixty-four chapters. It begins with “Advices to Ruler” and continues without having a systematic classification of subjects. This distinctive style of the book makes it fluent, attractive and effective
CO2 electroreduction to C2 products on bimetallic silver copper melamine complexes
No full textNanocube crystals of bimetallic Ag-Cu-Melamine molecular complexes have been originally developed as effective electrocatalysts for the CO2 selective reduction to multicarbon products, particularly ethylene and ethanol. The bimetallic complex, containing 10 wt.% Ag demonstrates the highest performance in electro-reduction of CO2 in both H-type and flow cells. It achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 70 % for C2 products, with 40 % attributed to ethanol and the remaining to ethylene. These results are obtained at a cathode potential of -1.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with a total current density of -50 mA·cm-2 in the flow cell, five times higher current densities than the current densities in the H-Cell. Without Ag in the complex, only C1 products (CO and formic acid) are detected. The use of the flow cell, in addition to higher current densities, enhances C2 formation, especially ethylene, which is absent in H-type cell experiments. These novel electrocatalysts also exhibit stable performances and provide mechanistic indications of the roles of Ag and tandem cooperation with Cu
Rationally designed nanocarriers for intranasal therapy of allergic rhinitis: influence of carrier type on in vivo nasal deposition
No full textMarwa Ahmed Sallam, Hala Mahmoud Helal, Sana Mohamed Mortada Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop a locally acting nasal delivery system of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the maintenance therapy of allergic rhinitis. The effect of encapsulating TA in different nanocarriers on its mucosal permeation and retention as well as in vivo nasal deposition has been studied. A comparative study was established between polymeric oil core nanocapsules (NCs), lipid nanocarriers such as nanoemulsion (NE), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The elaborated nanocarriers were compared with TA suspension and the commercially available suspension “Nasacort®”. The study revealed that NC provided the highest mucosal retention, as 46.14%±0.048% of the TA initial dose was retained after 24 hours, while showing the least permeation through the nasal mucosa. On the other hand, for TA suspension and Nasacort®, the mucosal retention did not exceed 23.5%±0.047% of the initial dose after 24 hours. For NE and NLC, values of mucosal retention were 19.4%±0.041% and 10.97%±0.13%, respectively. NC also showed lower mucosal irritation and superior stability compared with NE. The in vivo nasal deposition study demonstrated that NC maintained drug in its site of action (nasal cavity mucosa) for the longest period of time. The elaborated polymeric oil core NCs are efficient carriers for the administration of nasally acting TA as it produced the least permeation results, thus decreasing systemic absorption of TA. Although NCs have been administered via various routes, this is the first study to implement the polymeric oil core NC as an efficient carrier for localized nasal drug delivery. Keywords: allergic rhinitis, nanocapsules, triamcinolone acetonide, nasal mucosa, nasal depositio
Nanoelectromagnetic of a highly conductive 2D transition metal carbide (MXene)/Graphene nanoplatelets composite in the EHF M-band frequency
No full textHighly conductive materials, with minimal thickness and capable to afford electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, are highly advantageous, particularly if they are able to be easily processed into thin films. Here, we demonstrate the potential of a sandwich-like structure of a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene/Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composites for EMI shielding in the extreme high frequency (EHF) M-band, ranging from 60 to 80 GHz. First, we investigated systematically the microstructural and electrical transport properties of these composites with respect to the GNP contents. After graphene integration, the composite-surface roughness has been found to decrease, while both electrical conductivity and Hall carrier mobility demonstrated a clear trend to increase, reaching the values of ∼105 S/cm and 55 cm2/V, respectively, for only 2.5 wt % of graphene content, reporting thereby one of the most electrically conductive MXene based composite to date. Furthermore, a 1.75 μm-thick Ti3C2Tx MXene/GNP film was found to exhibit an EM absorbance of about 64 dB, which is one of the highest values, normalized to the thickness, among tested materials so far. This remarkable performance could be associated to three key factors, namely the superior transport properties of the composite films, the dominant absorption mechanism, and the multiple internal reflections from Ti3C2Tx and graphene multilayers configuration. These reported results would lead to unprecedented applications in the fields of space, aeronautics, radars, air travels and mobile phones
Combined Dietary Spirulina platensis and Citrus limon Essential Oil Enhances the Growth, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of Nile Tilapia
No full textThe dietary presence of feed additives is crucial for boosting fish growth and immunity.
Accordingly, this feeding trial aimed to investigate the effects of the separate and concurrent
dietary supplementation of Spirulina platensis (SP) and bitter lemon (Citrus limon) peel essential oil
(LEO) on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus). Four groups of male Nile tilapia were employed. The first group (control)
was given the basal diet, while the second and third groups received the basal diet supplemented
with LEO extract (1%) and SP (1 g/kg diet), respectively. The fourth group received the basal diet
supplemented with a mix of LEO (1%) and SP at 1 g/kg. After two months of feeding, using LEO
or/and SP improved the overall growth and immunological parameters, with their combination
yielding the best outcomes. The supplementation of LEO or/and SP improved the Nile tilapia’s
growth metrics and transcriptomic levels of growth-regulating genes such as (oligo-peptide
transporter 1 (Pep1), growth hormone receptors 1 (GHR1), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1). The
improved growth performance was linked to significant increases in the expression levels of mucin
and fat metabolism-related genes. Moreover, fish supplemented with LEO, SP, or their
combination showed enhanced non-specific immunological measures, including phagocytic and
lysozyme activities and the mRNA copies of its regulating genes. Additionally, remarkable
increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities and the mRNA levels of their related genes were
detected. The complement (C3) gene’s transcriptomic level was also significantly increased.
Furthermore, the dietary supplementation of LEO, SP, or their combination improved the
histological structures of the spleen, hepatopancreas, and intestine. The enhanced effects of LEO,
SP, or their combination on fish immunity and growth are suggested to be due to their contents of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Thus,
using the LOE and SP blends as feed additives is recommended for better growth and immunity of
Nile tilapia
New and renewable energy and environmental engineering
No full textThere is an acute scarcity of potable water in many parts of the world, and especially in most of the Middle East region. Important advances have been made in desalination technology but its wide application is restricted by relatively high capital and input energy costs, even when solar energy is used. Until recently, flat-plate solar collectors have usually been employed to distill water in compact desalination systems. Currently, it is possible to replace these collectors by the more advanced evacuated tube collectors, which are now available on the market at a similar price. The research which is concerned with the development of a novel small scale solar water desalination technology, consists of experimental and theoretical investigations of the operation of a multi stage solar still desalination system coupled with a heat pipe evacuated tube solar collector with an aperture area of about 1.7 m(^2). The multi stage still was tested to recover latent heat from the evaporation and condensation processes in each of its four stages. A number of experimental tests were carried out using a laboratory rig to investigate its water production capacity. Solar radiation (insolation) during a mid-summer day in the Middle East region was simulated by an array of 110 halogen flood lights. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of the evaporation and condensation processes in one of the still's stages was conducted using FLUENT 6.2 software. The simulation results demonstrate the importance of the various parameters affecting the total production rate of the solar still and provide detailed information on the temperature distribution and condensate formation inside the solar still. However, it was found that the CFD technique at this stage does not provide accurate quantitative predictions and results obtained can be used only for qualitative analysis. Hence, the use of a lumped parameter mathematical model was preferred for analysis and design purpose. A lumped parameter model has been developed to describe the system's operation. It consists of a system of ordinary differential equations of energy and mass conservation written for each stage of the still. A MATLAB computer program was written to solve the system of governing equations to simulate the evaporation and condensation processes and the experimental results were used to validate numerical predictions. The experimental and theoretical values for the total daily distillate output were found to be closely correlated. The test results demonstrate that the system produces about 9 kg of clean water per day and has a distillation efficiency of 90%. The overall efficiency is 33% due to the presence of heat losses in the system. However, this level of efficiency is greater of that for conventional solar stills. Following the experimental calibration of the lumped parameter model, this was used for determination of rational design parameters of the still and it was demonstrated that the performance of the system could be considerably improved to produce 11 kg/m(^2) of water per day if the number of stages and evaporation area were 4 and 1 m(^2), respectively. A water quality analysis was performed for the distilled water and the levels of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and pH were well within the range defined by the World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water. An economic study was also conducted for the system and it was shown that the distilled water costs of 0.016 US$/litre with a payback period of 6 months in the Middle East region conditions. This research demonstrates, empirically and theoretically, the potential role in the field of solar desalination of the multistage solar still coupled to the evacuated tube solar collector. Not only is this system a promising new technology but it could prove to be particularly appropriate in remote and rural areas. Simultaneously this system also uses a completely clean energy source and contributes to tackling environmental pollution, global carbon emissions and climate change problems
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