48 research outputs found
Aetiology of acute febrile episodes in children attending Korogwe District Hospital in north-eastern Tanzania
No full textIntroduction: Although the burden of malaria in many parts of Tanzania has declined, the proportion of children with fever has not changed. This situation underscores the need to explore the possible causes of febrile episodes in patients presenting with symptoms at the Korogwe District Hospital (KDH).
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at KDH, north-eastern Tanzania. Patients aged 2 to 59 months presenting at the outpatient department with an acute medical condition and fever (measured axillary temperature ≥37.5°C) were enrolled. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bacterial infections. A urine culture was performed in selected cases to test for bacterial infection and a chest radiograph was requested if pneumonia was suspected. Diagnosis was based on both clinical and laboratory investigations.
Results: A total of 867 patients with a median age of 15.1 months (Interquartile range 8.6-29.9) were enrolled from January 2013 to October 2013. Respiratory tract infections were the leading clinical diagnosis with 406/867 (46.8%) of patients diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection and 130/867 (15.0%) with pneumonia. Gastroenteritis was diagnosed in 184/867 (21.2%) of patients. Malaria infection was confirmed in 72/867 (8.3%) of patients. Bacterial infection in blood and urine accounted for 26/808 (3.2%) infections in the former, and 66/373 (17.7%) infections in the latter. HIV infection was confirmed in 10/824 (1.2%) of patients. Respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis were frequent in patients under 36 months of age (87.3% and 91.3% respectively). Co-infections were seen in 221/867 (25.5%) of patients. The cause of fever was not identified in 65/867 (7.5%) of these patients.
Conclusions: The different proportions of infections found among febrile children reflect the causes of fever in the study area. These findings indicate the need to optimise patient management by developing malaria and non-malaria febrile illnesses management protocols. © 2014 Mahende et al
Bloodstream bacterial infection among outpatient children with acute febrile illness in north‑eastern Tanzania
No full textBackground: Fever is a common clinical symptom in children attending hospital outpatient clinics in rural Tanzania,
yet there is still a paucity of data on the burden of bloodstream bacterial infection among these patients.
Methods: The present study was conducted at Korogwe District Hospital in north-eastern Tanzania. Patients aged
between 2 and 59 months with a history of fever or measured axillary temperature ≥37.5°C attending the outpatient
clinic were screened for enrolment into the study. Blood culturing was performed using the BACTEC 9050® system.
A biochemical analytical profile index and serological tests were used for identification and confirmation of bacterial
isolates. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The
identification of Plasmodium falciparum malaria was performed by microscopy with Giemsa stained blood films.
Results: A total of 808 blood cultures were collected between January and October 2013. Bacterial growth was
observed in 62/808 (7.7%) of the cultured samples. Pathogenic bacteria were identified in 26/808 (3.2%) cultures and
the remaining 36/62 (58.1%) were classified as contaminants. Salmonella typhi was the predominant bacterial isolate
detected in 17/26 (65.4%) patients of which 16/17 (94.1%) were from patients above 12 months of age. Streptococcus
pneumoniae was the second leading bacterial isolate detected in 4/26 (15.4%) patients. A high proportion of S.
typhi 11/17 (64.7%) was isolated during the rainy season. S. typhi isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (n = 17/17,
100%) and ceftriaxone (n = 13/17, 76.5%) but resistant to chloramphenicol (n = 15/17, 88.2%). P. falciparum malaria
was identified in 69/808 (8.5%) patients, none of whom had bacterial infection.
Conclusion: Bloodstream bacterial infection was not found to be a common cause of fever in outpatient children;
and S. typhi was the predominant isolate. This study highlights the need for rational use of antimicrobial prescription
in febrile paediatric outpatients presenting at healthcare facilities in rural Tanzania
Mémoire et images du travail dans les parfumeries grassoises (1900-1950) : les clichés du genre
No full textIn the first half of the 20th century, the perfume industry in Grasse sought to preserve its image anchored in a traditional production process while adjusting to the new industrial technologies of the period. Using as sources postcards, movies and photographs, the author explores the weight of gendered task divisions from the picking of flowers to packaging, revealing the changing gendered contours of shops, businesses and, indeed, the whole sector. The study focuses on the interactions between these images, showing how social representations influenced their production and the a posteriori reconstruction of a collective memory and identity by the former workers of the perfume industry. The comparison between oral history, written sources and iconography reveals how gender conditioned the history of the fragrance industry
Mémoire et images du travail dans les parfumeries grassoises (1900-1950) : les clichés du genre
No full textIn the first half of the 20th century, the perfume industry in Grasse sought to preserve its image anchored in a traditional production process while adjusting to the new industrial technologies of the period. Using as sources postcards, movies and photographs, the author explores the weight of gendered task divisions from the picking of flowers to packaging, revealing the changing gendered contours of shops, businesses and, indeed, the whole sector. The study focuses on the interactions between these images, showing how social representations influenced their production and the a posteriori reconstruction of a collective memory and identity by the former workers of the perfume industry. The comparison between oral history, written sources and iconography reveals how gender conditioned the history of the fragrance industry
Mémoire et images du travail dans les parfumeries grassoises (1900-1950) : les clichés du genre
No full textLa parfumerie grassoise, dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, doit composer avec l’introduction de nouvelles techniques et de nouveaux modes de production, tout en conservant son image de marque appuyée sur l’idée d’une fabrication traditionnelle. A partir d’un travail sur la sexuation des tâches au sein de la filière de production, depuis la cueillette des fleurs jusqu’au conditionnement, on voit les entreprises se mettre en scène, à travers films, photographies d’usine et cartes postales. Une ligne de genre fluctuante se dessine à l’échelle des ateliers, des entreprises, et de l’ensemble du secteur. Sont alors au centre de l’étude, les interactions entre images, représentations sociales qui conditionnent leur production, et mémoire collective reconstruite a posteriori par les acteurs de la parfumerie. Dans l’écart entre les sources orales, les sources écrites et l’iconographie, on peut alors dresser le portrait de la parfumerie grassoise et de l’impact du genre sur la construction de son histoire.In the first half of the 20th century, the perfume industry in Grasse sought to preserve its image anchored in a traditional production process while adjusting to the new industrial technologies of the period. Using as sources postcards, movies and photographs, the author explores the weight of gendered task divisions from the picking of flowers to packaging, revealing the changing gendered contours of shops, businesses and, indeed, the whole sector. The study focuses on the interactions between these images, showing how social representations influenced their production and the a posteriori reconstruction of a collective memory and identity by the former workers of the perfume industry. The comparison between oral history, written sources and iconography reveals how gender conditioned the history of the fragrance industry
Contribution radiologique et ostéologique à la connaissance du Chinchilla : (Chinchilla lanigera)
No full textThe chinchilla occupies a quite important situation among the New Companion Animals, however we know very few about its osteology. The author proposes an anatomic study of this small rodent, in order to help the veterinary practicioner who has to deal with exigent owners. She describes the material used for the study (animals, radiographic equipment), reminds the main radioprotection principles and describes how to handle and anesthetize the chinchilla during its radiography. The 4th chapter presents chinchilla's bones and joints radiographs, paired with explanatory drawings and photographs, and some pathological negatives. In the same way, the last chapter deals with the soft tissues : thorax and abdomen. In this part, contrast studies of the abdominal region are presented, thanks to the Baryum meal technique. These normal negatives may be used as references during the examination of an animal presenting a pathological condition.Le chinchilla occupe une place relativement importante parmi les Nouveaux Animaux de Compagnie, cependant son ostéologie est encore assez peu étudiée. L'auteur propose une étude anatomique de ce petit rongeur, afin d'apporter une aide au vétérinaire praticien confronté à une exigence croissante de la part des propriétaires. L'auteur décrit le matériel utilisé (animaux, matériel de radiologie), rappelle les principes de radioprotection et précise les méthodes employées pour la contention-manipulation et anesthésie lors de la réalisation des clichés radiologiques du Chinchilla. Le quatrième chapitre présente l'ensemble des clichés radiographiques des structures osseuses du Chinchilla, accompagnés de schémas et photographies légendés et de quelques images anormales. De la même façon, le dernier chapitre traite des grandes régions que sont le thorax et l'abdomen. Dans cette partie, des clichés radiographiques spéciaux avec préparation sont présentés pour l'étude de la région abdominale, grâce à la technique du transit baryté. Ces images normales pourront servir de références lors de l'examen d'un animal présentant un état pathologique
Contribution radiologique et ostéologique à la connaissance du Chinchilla : (Chinchilla lanigera)
No full textThe chinchilla occupies a quite important situation among the New Companion Animals, however we know very few about its osteology. The author proposes an anatomic study of this small rodent, in order to help the veterinary practicioner who has to deal with exigent owners. She describes the material used for the study (animals, radiographic equipment), reminds the main radioprotection principles and describes how to handle and anesthetize the chinchilla during its radiography. The 4th chapter presents chinchilla's bones and joints radiographs, paired with explanatory drawings and photographs, and some pathological negatives. In the same way, the last chapter deals with the soft tissues : thorax and abdomen. In this part, contrast studies of the abdominal region are presented, thanks to the Baryum meal technique. These normal negatives may be used as references during the examination of an animal presenting a pathological condition.Le chinchilla occupe une place relativement importante parmi les Nouveaux Animaux de Compagnie, cependant son ostéologie est encore assez peu étudiée. L'auteur propose une étude anatomique de ce petit rongeur, afin d'apporter une aide au vétérinaire praticien confronté à une exigence croissante de la part des propriétaires. L'auteur décrit le matériel utilisé (animaux, matériel de radiologie), rappelle les principes de radioprotection et précise les méthodes employées pour la contention-manipulation et anesthésie lors de la réalisation des clichés radiologiques du Chinchilla. Le quatrième chapitre présente l'ensemble des clichés radiographiques des structures osseuses du Chinchilla, accompagnés de schémas et photographies légendés et de quelques images anormales. De la même façon, le dernier chapitre traite des grandes régions que sont le thorax et l'abdomen. Dans cette partie, des clichés radiographiques spéciaux avec préparation sont présentés pour l'étude de la région abdominale, grâce à la technique du transit baryté. Ces images normales pourront servir de références lors de l'examen d'un animal présentant un état pathologique
Balancing between Books and Milk Bottles : Academic Mothers’ Colliding identities
No full textThis is the beginning
Of the rest of my life
Writing or washing
Reading or tidying
Emailing or baking
Torn apart
Between guilt and career
Between motherhood and everyday life
Dedication or sacrifice
Hard work or laziness
Cooking or ordering
I must teach
I must create
Through the pores of my brain
I exist
I breathe
For her, my child
And for me
This poem, written by one of the co-authors (Joëlle), illustrates the inner struggles of a young mother returning to work as a university professor after a year's maternity leave. Writing was an inevitable way of making sense of the identity shift that was taking place within her. How to integrate this new role – being a mother – into her identity? How to reconcile this new role with the demanding role of a university professor? She was joined by Coline, the other co-author, who realized she was going through this identity struggle as well. What began as two personal journeys gradually evolved into a research enquiry as we discovered that we were not alone in the endeavor of reconciling these two demanding roles and, more profoundly, these (in)compatible identities.
Navigating the complex terrain of being an academic mother
The complicated journey of academic mothers – or those on the cusp of motherhood – unfolds as a compelling, and often misunderstood, narrative within academia. The blog “Mama is an Academic” curated by Leventon et al. (2019), sheds light on the hurdles these women face as they strive to balance their career ambitions with the responsibilities of parenthood. This online platform serves as a tribute to the diverse array of experiences that encapsulate the triumphs, challenges, and struggles of academic motherhood.
The evolution of parental identity among academics, as articulated by Van Engen et al. (2021), represents a particularly multifaceted journey for women . Balancing between this dual existence is not simply a matter of juggling responsibilities but involves a profound negotiation of self-identity and professional identity. Despite acknowledging the central role of fathers in caregiving (Allen et al., 2012), our focus remains on mothers, highlighting the unequal burden of caregiving responsibilities that disproportionately affects women, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds in academia (LGBTQ+, BIPOC, etc.).
Academic mothers struggle with disparities in workload distribution compared to men. Babcock et al. (2022) suggest that women are significantly overburdened with non-promotable work: they are 44% more likely to be assigned this work than men, and 50% more likely to accept it. This can lead to delayed progress in securing tenured positions, despite having commendable publication rates and producing highly quality work (Le Feuvre et al., 2019).
The neoliberal academic landscape further exacerbates these challenges, demanding relentless productivity while often lacking the necessary support structures—such as adequate childcare services and job security—to achieve work-life equilibrium, especially amid societal expectations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (Blithe, 2022; Davies & Petersen, 2005; Yerkes et al., 2022). As a result, women are often torn between pursuing an academic career and starting a family, often choosing to delay motherhood in order to stabilize their careers, with some ultimately remaining childless (Hewlett, 2002; Lorenti et al., 2024; Mendez & Watson, 2024). This dilemma underscores the sacrifices women may have to make when choosing between academic advancement and motherhood. This highlights the need for supportive narratives that promote the viability of academic motherhood.
Focus on the identity of the academic mother
Both academia and motherhood are greedy institutions that require unwavering commitment, ceaseless effort, and deep dedication. Ward and Wolf-Wendel (2012) describe how academic mothers often practice “satisficing”—a series of compromises essential to synchronizing their roles as academics and mothers, managing the intricate balance between books and milk bottles, and between university and home. Both identities can be thought of as “performance,” which means performing consistently under the scrutiny by others. For example, mothers feel the pressure to be “flawless,” or to maintain a certain way of presenting themselves in public and private spaces. As they navigate between these pressures, they must also perform figures of authority and power as academics, although having feelings of inadequacy, such as the pervasive imposter syndrome (Bostock, 2014). This highlights the intersection of personal and professional identities that is often overlooked in traditional research – as Miller (2007) suggests by the title of her article: “Is this what motherhood all about?”
Research tends to focus more on structural and practical challenges rather than the development of identity itself. However, academic mothering often means experiencing significant changes in one’s sense of self, which becomes a crucial shift in one’s form of self-understanding. In the intricate dance of academic life and motherhood, they have to reset their life priorities in order to maintain their mental health (Delgado-Herrera et al., 2024). This demonstrates the importance of understanding the “self-as-mother” as an evolving one, which often involves going through crisis and tensions in daily life as academia demands a culture of performance.
Therefore, this research, through an autoethnographic approach, examines how academic moms shape, constitute, and transform their identities. What does it mean to be a mother and an academic? By focusing on the constitutive process of their complex identity journey, this research seeks to uncover the richness and complexity of academic motherhood, and provide insights into how these academic women “make sense of motherhood,” as Miller (2005) calls it, and by doing so constitute academia as a better context for being a mother as well as a professor.
A CCO account for collective autoethnography
Inspired by our previous personal writings and joint discussions, we are conducting a collaborative autoethnography that explores how we, as academic mothers, make sense ofour lives through the lenses of their different identities, and how these identities collide in everyday situations. This autoethnographic approach is coupled with the Communicative Constitution of Organizations (CCO) to better understand how people constitute and redefine their identities in the interactions, with themselves or with others, depending on what they experience as struggles or challenges (Chaput & Basque, 2022), what Delamont (2009) calls their “small crises.”
Autoethnography is a qualitative research method that uses data, in the form of a personal narrative that can take many shapes, about self and context. However, if this self-centered approach has been criticized, it is also acknowledged that personal experience can provide a new and unique vantage point from which to contribute to science. But if autoethnography is considered in its interpretive dimensions—as acts of meaning for the self (Bochner, 2012; Denzin, 2014)—it has “tremendous potential for building knowledge.” Coupled with a CCO approach, it provides the theoretical distance that can lead to renewed understanding of the constitutive dimension of identity struggles.
From a research standpoint, collaborative (auto)ethnography involves an iterative and reflective process in which participants gain an understanding of the connection between self and other through discussions (Allen et al., 2012). This methodology facilitates an in-depth exploration of participants’ personal and professional experiences, thereby fostering a more nuanced understanding of identity-related challenges. Particularly, collective biography can “make visible, palpable and hearable the constitutive effect of dominant discourses…and open both ourselves and discourse to the possibility of change” (Davies & Gannon, 2006, 5).
Furthermore, the CCO approach emphasizes how communication activities materialize identities and shape identification processes, which in turn recursively affects the organization’s constitution as a coherent and structured “actor” of coordinated action (Chaput & Basque, 2022). In particular, this approach facilitates a recursive loop of sharing experience through (auto)ethnography. As Bencherki & Matte (2019) highlight, the aim is to focus on and learn from researchers' communicative practices as they are recursively influenced by the situations they both create and bring to life through their research narratives
Data for - MuFFIN - Modelling Foraging Fitness in Marine Predators
No full textThis repository contains information on the raw GPS-Time Depth Recorder-accelerometer data collected from two penguin species, The Little penguin (Eudyptula minor) and the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) published in:
"The role of individual variability on the predictive performance of machine learning applied to large bio-logging datasets."
Article DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22258-1
Marianna Chimienti * , Akiko Kato, Olivia Hicks, Frédéric Angelier, Michaël Beaulieu, Jazel Ouled-Cheikh, Coline Marciau, Thierry Raclot, Meagan Tucker, Danuta Maria
Wisniewska, Andre Chiaradia, Yan Ropert-Coudert
*Corresponding author. [email protected]
This study was supported by:
H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship, project number 890284, "Modelling Foraging Fitness in Marine predators (MuFFIN)", awarded to Marianna Chimienti
Nature of dataset: quantitative
Purpose of dataset: collect movement data from penguin species
Scope of dataset: quantify movement patterns in penguin species while foraging during the breeding season<br
Travestissement et paternité : la masculinité remade in the USA
No full textLes films Trois hommes et un couffin de Coline Serreau et Three Men and a Baby de Leonard Nimoy sont analysés ici de façon comparative. L’auteure explique la façon dont la version américaine fait une « re-vision » du regard attendri que Serreau portait sur les nouveaux hommes nés des mouvements et des analyses féministes. La nouvelle masculinté (non phallique) illustrée dans le film français est totalement abolie et remplacée par l’idéologie patriarcale américaine.Coline Serreau's film Trois hommes et un couffin is analysed in comparison to Leonard Nimoy's Three Men and a Baby. The author shows how the American version is a "re-vision" of the tender gaze cast by Serreau on the "new men", men born in the wake of the feminist movement and its analyses. The new, non-phallic masculinity illustrated in the French film is totally eliminated and replaced by American patriarchal ideology
