288 research outputs found
Az Zaban-e Modari : Raqs-e Aab Raqs-e Setareh
No full textCatalogue of an exhibition held at SASA Gallery, Adelaide, 14 September-15 October 2010."All that I do, all that I am, all that I love and all that I resist are from my mother tongue. My encounter with these notions is the reflection of a sensibility
that is hope, arising from Persian mysticism and Bahai literature, to give a tone of optimism towards universal human values where resistance, equity, love, being, beauty and truth are implemented to deal with history and explore issues pertaining to the human condition - Siamak Fallah."--SASA Gallery website
Race and Ethnicity-Adjusted Age Recommendation for Initiating Breast Cancer Screening.
Get PDFIMPORTANCE
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, and there is a substantial disparity in BC mortality by race, especially for early-onset BC in Black women. Many guidelines recommend starting BC screening from age 50 years; however, the current one-size-fits-all policy to start screening all women from a certain age may not be fair, equitable, or optimal.
OBJECTIVE
To provide race and ethnicity-adapted starting ages of BC screening based on data on current racial and ethnic disparities in BC mortality.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This nationwide population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using data on BC mortality in female patients in the US who died of BC in 2011 to 2020.
EXPOSURES
Proxy-reported race and ethnicity information was used. The risk-adapted starting age of BC screening by race and ethnicity was measured based on 10-year cumulative risk of BC-specific death. Age-specific 10-year cumulative risk was calculated based on age group-specific mortality data without modeling or adjustment.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Disease-specific mortality due to invasive BC in female patients.
RESULTS
There were BC-specific deaths among 415 277 female patients (1880 American Indian or Alaska Native [0.5%], 12 086 Asian or Pacific Islander [2.9%], 62 695 Black [15.1%], 28 747 Hispanic [6.9%], and 309 869 White [74.6%]; 115 214 patients died before age 60 years [27.7%]) of any age in the US in 2011 to 2020. BC mortality per 100 000 person-years for ages 40 to 49 years was 27 deaths in Black females, 15 deaths in White females, and 11 deaths in American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic, and Asian or Pacific Islander females. When BC screening was recommended to start at age 50 years for all females with a 10-year cumulative risk of BC death of 0.329%, Black females reached this risk threshold level 8 years earlier, at age 42 years, whereas White females reached it at age 51 years, American Indian or Alaska Native and Hispanic females at age 57 years, and Asian or Pacific Islander females 11 years later, at age 61 years. Race and ethnicity-adapted starting ages for Black females were 6 years earlier for mass screening at age 40 years and 7 years earlier for mass screening at age 45 years.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study provides evidence-based race-adapted starting ages for BC screening. These findings suggest that health policy makers may consider a risk-adapted approach to BC screening in which individuals who are at high risk are screened earlier to address mortality due to early-onset BC before the recommended age of mass screening
DAMPAK MANAQIB TERHADAP PENINGKATAN IBADAH (Studi Kasus Pada Santriwan dan Santriwati Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Fallah, Kelurahan Palapa, Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Pusat, Kota Bandar Lampung)
Get PDFABSTRAK
Dzikir Manaqib merupakan salah satu wujud kegiatan keagamaan yang
dilakukan masyarakat muslim, yang pada akhirnya menjadi sebuah rutinitas
ritual pada momen-momen tertentu yang merupakan proses akulturasi antara
budaya lokal dengan Islam. Yang dimaksud dengan manaqib secara istilah
adalah membaca kisah tentang orang-orang sholeh, seperti kisah Nabi atau
Auliya’ (para kekasih Allah) dengan tujuan meneladani akhlak terpuji mereka
dan ditulis dengan menggunakan bahasa yang sangat indah dengan susunan
kalimatnya yang benar-benar indah.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: 1) Bagaimana Proses
Pelaksanaan Manaqib Dalam Peningkatan Ibadah Para Santriwan/santriwati
Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Fallah, Kelurahan Palapa, Keceamatan Tanjung
Karang Pusat, Kota Bandar Lampung. 2) Bagaimana Dampak Manaqib
Dalam Peningkatan Ibadah Para Santriwan/santriwati Pondok Pesantren
Bustanul Fallah, Kelurahan Palapa, Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Pusat, Kota
Bandar Lampung. Dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Proses
Pelaksanaan Manaqib Dalam Peningkatan Ibadah Para Santriwan/santriwati
Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Fallah, Kelurahan Palapa, Keceamatan Tanjung
Karang Pusat, Kota Bandar Lampung. Dan untuk Dampak Manaqib Dalam
Peningkatan Ibadah Para Santriwan/santriwati Pondok Pesantren Bustanul
Fallah.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah field research (penelitian
lapangan) dan sifatnya kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber Data Penelitian data
primer dan data sekunder, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan
observasi,wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian ini di Pondok
Pesantren Bustanul Fallah terletak di Jl. Darabirra Lampung, Palapa,
Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Pusat, Kota Bandar Lampung.
Hasil Penelitian ini bahwa proses pelaksanaan manaqib dalam
meningkatkan ibadah para santriwan dan santriwati Pondok pesantren
bustanul fallah kelurahan palapa, Kecamatan Tanjungkarang Pusat, Kota
Bandarlampung yaitu: Semaan Al-quran, Shalat tasbih dan shalat hajat,
Pembacaan manaqib syekh abdul qodir al-jailani, Pemberian motivasi,
Perjalinan hubungan, Penyelenggaraan komunikasi dan Pengembangan dan
peningkatan pelaksanaan manaqib. Dan dampak manaqib dalam
meningkatkan ibadah para santriwan dan santriwati Pondok pesantren
bustanul fallah kelurahan palapa, Kecamatan Tanjungkarang Pusat, Kota
Bandarlampung bahwa manaqib membawa dampak positif bagi santriwan
dan santriwati di pondok pesantren bustanul fallah, hal ini dikarenakan
bahwa sebelum santriwan dan santriwati menempuh pendidikan di pondok
pesantren tersebut mereka cenderung bermalas-malasan dalam beribadah,
namun setelah rutih melakukan kegiatan manaqib terjadi peningkatan ibadah
santriwan dan santriwati. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perubahan sikap sehari
hari oleh 25 santriwan dan santriwati setelah melakukan kegiatan manaqib
rutin.
Kata Kunci: Manaqib, Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani, Peningkatan Ibadah
ABSTRACT
Dhikr Manaqib is a form of religious activity carried out by the Muslim
community, which in the end becomes a ritual routine at certain moments
which is a process of acculturation between local culture and Islam. What is
meant by manaqib in terms is reading stories about pious people, such as the
story of the Prophet or Auliya '(lovers of Allah) with the aim of imitating
their commendable character and written using very beautiful language with
really beautiful sentence structures.
The formulation of the problem in this study: 1) How is the Process of
Implementing Manaqib in Improving Worship for Santriwan/students at the
Bustanul Fallah Islamic Boarding School, Palapa Village, Tanjung Karang
Pusat District, Bandar Lampung City. 2) What is the Impact of Manaqib in
Increasing the Worship of Santriwan/students at the Bustanul Fallah Islamic
Boarding School, Palapa Village, Tanjung Karang Pusat District, Bandar
Lampung City. And the purpose of this study was to find out the process of
implementing Manaqib in improving the worship of students at the Bustanul
Fallah Islamic Boarding School, Palapa Village, Tanjung Karang Pusat
District, Bandar Lampung City. And for the impact of Manaqib in Increasing
the Worship of the Santriwan/students of the Bustanul Fallah Islamic
Boarding School.
The type of research used by the author is field research and is
qualitatively descriptive. Sources of Data Research primary data and
secondary data, with data collection techniques using observation,
interviews, and documentation. The location of this research at the Bustanul
Fallah Islamic Boarding School is located on Jl. Darabirra Lampung,
Palapa, Central Tanjung Karang District, Bandar Lampung City.
The results of this study indicate that the process of implementing
manaqib in improving the worship of santriwan and female students at the
Bustanul Fallah Islamic Boarding School, Palapa Village, Central
Tanjungkarang District, Bandarlampung City, namely: Al-Qur'an chanting,
prayer beads and prayers, Reading of Manaqib Sheikh Abdul Qodir al�Jailani, Giving motivation, relationship, communication implementation and
development and improvement of manaqib implementation. And the impact of
manaqib in increasing the worship of santriwan and female students at the
Bustanul Fallah Islamic Boarding School, Palapa Village, Central
Tanjungkarang District, Bandarlampung City, that manaqib has a positive
impact on students and female students at the Bustanul Fallah Islamic
Boarding School, this is because before the students and the female students
studied at the Islamic Boarding School. At the pesantren they tend to be lazy
in worship, but after rutih doing manaqib activities there is an increase in the
worship of santriwan and santriwati. This is evidenced by changes in the
daily attitude of 25 students and female students after carrying out routine
manaqib activities.
Keywords: Manaqib, Sheikh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani, Increased Worshi
Risk of Gynecological Cancers in Cholecystectomized Women: A Large Nationwide Cohort Study.
Get PDFBackground: Gallstones affect women more frequently than men, and symptomatic gallstones are increasingly treated with surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). Breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer share several risk factors with gallstones, including overweight, obesity, and exposure to female sex hormones. We intended to assess the association between cholecystectomy and female cancer risk, which has not been comprehensively investigated. Methods: We investigated the risk of female cancers after cholecystectomy leveraging the Swedish Cancer, Population, Patient, and Death registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) adjusted for age, calendar period, socioeconomic status, and residential area were used to compare cancer risk in cholecystectomized and non-cholecystectomized women. Results: During a median follow-up of 11 years, 325,106 cholecystectomized women developed 10,431 primary breast, 2888 endometrial, 1577 ovarian, and 705 cervical cancers. The risk of ovarian cancer was increased by 35% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2% to 77%) in the first 6 months after cholecystectomy. The exclusion of cancers diagnosed in the first 6 months still resulted in an increased risk of endometrial (19%, 95%CI 14% to 23%) and breast (5%, 95%CI 3% to 7%) cancer, especially in women cholecystectomized after age 50 years. By contrast, cholecystectomized women showed decreased risks of cervical (-13%, 95%CI -20% to -7%) and ovarian (-6%, 95%CI -10% to -1%) cancer. Conclusions: The risk of ovarian cancer increased by 35% in a just short period of time (6 months) following the surgery. Therefore, it is worth ruling out ovarian cancer before cholecystectomy. Women undergoing cholecystectomy showed an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer up to 30 years after surgery. Further evaluation of the association between gallstones or gallbladder removal on female cancer risk would allow for the assessment of the need to intensify cancer screening in cholecystectomized women
Automated configuration of negotiation strategies
No full textBidding and acceptance strategies have a substantial impact on the outcome of negotiations in scenarios with linear additive and nonlinear utility functions. Over the years, it has become clear that there is no single best strategy for all negotiation settings, yet many fixed strategies are still being developed. We envision a shift in the strategy design question from: What is a good strategy?, towards: What could be a good strategy? For this purpose, we developed a method leveraging automated algorithm configuration to find the best strategies for a specific set of negotiation settings. By empowering automated negotiating agents using automated algorithm configuration, we obtain a flexible negotiation agent that can be configured automatically for a rich space of opponents and negotiation scenarios. To critically assess our approach, the agent was tested in an ANAC-like bilateral automated negotiation tournament setting against past competitors. We show that our automatically configured agent outperforms all other agents, with a 5.1% increase in negotiation payoff compared to the next-best agent. We note that without our agent in the tournament, the top-ranked agent wins by a margin of only 0.01%.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Interactive Intelligenc
Cancer Incidence in Five Provinces of Iran: Ardebil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan and Kerman, 1996-2000
Get PDFSyöpä on Iranin toiseksi yleisin ei-tapaturmainen kuolinsyy heti sydän- ja verisuoni-sairauksien jälkeen. Syöpätaakan arvioimiseksi syöpäilmaantuvuuden, -kuolleisuuden ja vallitsevuuden määrittäminen on ensiarvoisen tärkeää. Tämän tutkimuksen avulla pyritään kartoittamaan syövän esiintyvyyttä Iranissa sekä kehittämään ja testaamaan uutta menetelmää, jolla voidaan huomioida erot syöpärekisteröinnin kattavuudessa.
Retrospektiivinen tutkimus tehtiin viiden vuoden aikana 1996 - 2000 viidessä Iranin maakunnassa (Ardebil, Gilan, Mazandaran ja Golestan pohjoisessa sekä Kerman etelässä). Vuonna 1996 yhteensä 15.7 % Iranin väestöstä asui näissä maakunnissa. Saatavilla olevat syöpäpotilaiden sairaskertomus- ja kuolinsyytiedot koottiin syöpärekisteritietokannaksi. Tutkimuksessa kehitettiin myös ilmaantuvuuslukujen korjaamiseksi uusi menetelmä, joka perustuu muiden syöpien esiintyvyyslukujen vertaamiseen leukemiaan, jonka esiintyvyys on vakaa.
Tutkimusperiodin (5 vuotta) aikana todettiin 28,022 uutta syöpätapausta. Tavallisimmat miesten syövät olivat vatsalaukun, ruokatorven, virtsarakon, suoliston ja eturauhasen syövät. Naisilla yleisimpiä olivat rintasyöpä, vatsalaukun, ruokatorven, suoliston ja kohdunkaulan syövät sekä leukemia. Miesten kumulatiivinen vaara sairastua mihin tahansa syöpään 74 ikävuoteen mennessä oli 7.8 % ja naisten vastaavasti 6.4 %. Syövän esiintyvyys eri maakunnissa vaihteli. Ardebilissä vatsalaukun syöpä oli molemmilla sukupuolilla yleisin, Gilanissa miehillä virtsarakon syöpä ja naisilla suoliston syöpä, Mazandaranissa miehillä keuhkosyöpä ja naisilla rintasyöpä, Golestanissa ruokatorven syöpä molemmilla sukupuolilla ja Kermanissa ihosyöpä miehillä ja rintasyöpä naisilla. Syöpätapausten määrän arvioidaan kasvavan vuodesta 1996 vuoteen 2010 mennessä koko Iranissa 65 %. Naisten syöpätapausmäärän kasvu on jopa 95 % ja miesten 46 %. Kaikkiaan Iranissa todetaan vuonna 2010 noin 53 000 uutta syöpätapausta.
Tutkimuksen tietojen perusteella syöpäilmaantuvuus on Iranissa maailman alhaisimpia. 30 vuotta sitten tehdyssä kartoituksessa ruokatorven syövän vaara oli maailman korkeimpia. Nyt ruokatorven syövän ilmaantuvuus on pienentynyt kolmannekseen silloisista arvioista, mutta kaikkien muiden syöpien ilmaantuvuus on kasvanut huomattavasti.Background
Cancer is the most common non-injury cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in Iran. Estimation of the burden of cancer in terms of incidence, mortality, and prevalence is the first step to plan control measures in every country but for almost 40 years there were no population-based cancer statistics in Iran to reveal cancer burden. This study is designed to ascertain the incidence of cancers in Iran, and develop and test a new method to adjust for ascertainment bias in the evaluation of cancer registry data.
Material and Methods
A retrospective survey in five provinces of Iran (Ardebil, Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in the north, and Kerman in the south) carried out for five years, 1996 2000. These provinces composed 15.7% of about 60 million population of Iran in 1996. Available medical records of cancer patients in public/private hospitals and diagnostic/treatment facilities, and death certificates of these five provinces were compiled, computerized and duplicate reports were eliminated. Eighty four percent of cases were microscopically verified and death certificate only (DCO) cases constituted 0.1% of cases.
Relative age-standardized ratio (RASR) was calculated by ASR of each cancer divided by ASR of leukemia. Adjusted relative age-standardized rate (ARASR with same unit as ASR) is calculated by multiplying the RASR for a specific cancer in a particular year by the sum of ASRs of that cancer over the years for which a trend is being determined and then dividing result by the sum of RASRs of the cancer for those years. Two likely assumptions are behind use of ARASR, first, constant ASR of leukemia over time, second, if under/over-registration occurs, it happens to all cancers in the same extent (random under/over-reporting).
Results
During the five years of study, there were 28,022 new cancer cases (57% men; 41.9% women; 1.2% unknown sex). The mean age at diagnosis was 55 (median age 60). In terms of age-standardized rate (ASR per 105), the most common cancers in men were stomach (22.5), esophagus (12.1), bladder (7.5), lung (6.5), colon/rectum (6.2) and prostate (5.6). The cumulative rate for 0 74 years of life in men was 7.8%. The leading female cancers were breast (13.3), stomach (9.3), esophagus (8.9), colon/rectum (6.0), leukemia (2.4) and cervical cancer (2.3). The cumulative rate for 0 74 years of life in women was 6.4%. In terms of incidence, Ardebil province had the highest rate for stomach cancer in both sexes, Gilan for bladder cancer in men and colorectal cancer in women, Mazandaran for lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women, Golestan for esophageal cancer in both sexes and Kerman for skin/hematological neoplasms in men and breast cancer in women. It is predicted that the annual number of new cases in year 2010 in Iran compared to 1996 will increase 65% (women 95%; men 46%) at least to 53,000 persons.
A new method was developed and tested on some complete and incomplete cancer registry data to adjust for ascertainment bias in cancer registry data. In registries with incomplete reporting, ARASR was a better estimate for time trend analysis. ARASRs in different countries or different times were comparable since they were already standardized for age structure. In addition, comparison between time trend of ASR and ARASR could be used to evaluate completeness of registration.
Conclusion
Generally the incidence of cancer in Iran was among lowest in the world. Cervical cancer was lower than even low risk countries such as China, Kuwait or Spain. Compared to 30 years ago, the incidence of esophageal cancer declined to approximately two thirds of its previous level in both sexes. However, the incidence of all other cancers increased dramatically up to 120%. Although this increase was unrealistically high, most likely because of under-registration of other malignancies than esophagus 30 years ago, the real change seems to be in the same direction but with slower slope.
The 65% predicted increase in the number of new cases by year 2010 is a huge burden for the health care system because by adding the number of old cases to these cases, the number of prevalent cancer patients will be substantially higher in 2010, especially in women.
The estimates by GLOBOCAN2002 and the results of this study were highly concordant because they shared the majority of their data sources except for Gilan (only available in this study) and Tehran (only in GLOBOCAN2002).
ARASR is more accurate than ASR in studying cancer incidence trends in registries with incomplete reporting. ARASRs in different countries or different times are comparable since they are age-standardized. Moreover, comparison between trend of ASRs and ARASRs can be used as a test for validity of registration
New foundations of ethical multiagent systems blue sky ideas track
No full textEthics is inherently a multiagent concern. However, research on AI ethics today is dominated by work on individual agents: (1) how an autonomous robot or car may harm or (differentially) benefit people in hypothetical situations (the so-called trolley problems) and (2) how a machine learning algorithm may produce biased decisions or recommendations. The societal framework is largely omitted. To develop new foundations for ethics in AI, we adopt a sociotechnical stance in which agents (as technical entities) help autonomous social entities or principals (people and organizations). This multiagent conception of a sociotechnical system (STS) captures how ethical concerns arise in the mutual interactions of multiple stakeholders. These foundations would enable us to realize ethical STSs that incorporate social and technical controls to respect stated ethical postures of the agents in the STSs. The envisioned foundations require new thinking, along two broad themes, on how to realize (1) an STS that reflects its stakeholders' values and (2) individual agents that function effectively in such an STS.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Interactive Intelligenc
Colonoscopy screening interval in relatives of patients with late-onset colorectal cancer: A nationwide matched cohort study.
No full textElessar: Ethics in Norm-Aware Agents
No full textWe address the problem of designing agents that navigate social norms by selecting ethically appropriate actions. We present Elessar, a framework in which agents aggregate value preferences of users and select ethically appropriate actions through multicriteria decision making in different social contexts. Via simulations, seeded with a survey of user values and attitudes, we find that Elessar agents act ethically and are effective than baseline agents, in terms of (1) exhibiting the Rawlsian property of fairness, and (2) yielding a satisfactory social experience to users. Our results are stable across agent societies of different sizes and connectedness.Accepted Author ManuscriptInteractive Intelligenc
Longer Interval Between First Colonoscopy With Negative Findings for Colorectal Cancer and Repeat Colonoscopy.
No full textIMPORTANCE
For individuals without a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC), colonoscopy screening every 10 years is recommended to reduce CRC incidence and mortality. However, debate exists about whether and for how long this 10-year interval could be safely expanded.
OBJECTIVE
To assess how many years after a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC a second colonoscopy can be performed.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study leveraged Swedish nationwide register-based data to examine CRC diagnoses and CRC-specific mortality among individuals without a family history of CRC. The exposed group included individuals who had a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC at age 45 to 69 years between 1990 and 2016. The control group included individuals matched by sex, birth year, and baseline age (ie, the age of their matched exposed individual when the exposed individual's first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC was performed). Individuals in the control group either did not have a colonoscopy during the follow-up or underwent colonoscopy that resulted in a CRC diagnosis. Up to 18 controls were matched with each exposed individual. Individuals were followed up from 1990 to 2018, and data were analyzed from November 2022 to November 2023.
EXPOSURE
A first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC, defined as a first colonoscopy without a diagnosis of colorectal polyp, adenoma, carcinoma in situ, or CRC before or within 6 months after screening.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcomes were CRC diagnosis and CRC-specific death. The 10-year standardized incidence ratio and standardized mortality ratio were calculated to compare risks of CRC and CRC-specific death in the exposed and control groups based on different follow-up screening intervals.
RESULTS
The sample included 110 074 individuals (65 147 females [59.2%]) in the exposed group and 1 981 332 (1 172 646 females [59.2%]) in the control group. The median (IQR) age for individuals in both groups was 59 (52-64) years. During up to 29 years of follow-up of individuals with a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC, 484 incident CRCs and 112 CRC-specific deaths occurred. After a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC, the risks of CRC and CRC-specific death in the exposed group were significantly lower than those in their matched controls for 15 years. At 15 years after a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC, the 10-year standardized incidence ratio was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54-0.94) and the 10-year standardized mortality ratio was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.29-0.94). In other words, the 10-year cumulative risk of CRC in year 15 in the exposed group was 72% that of the 10-year cumulative risk of CRC in the control group. Extending the colonoscopy screening interval from 10 to 15 years in individuals with a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC could miss the early detection of only 2 CRC cases and the prevention of 1 CRC-specific death per 1000 individuals, while potentially avoiding 1000 colonoscopies.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This cohort study found that for the population without a family history of CRC, the 10-year interval between colonoscopy screenings for individuals with a first colonoscopy with findings negative for CRC could potentially be extended to 15 years. A longer interval between colonoscopy screenings could be beneficial in avoiding unnecessary invasive examinations
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