1,720,956 research outputs found
Antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera bees honey, garlic extracts and their combinations against Salmonella in Wolayta Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThe global emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. Although natural substances, such as honey and garlic, have shown promise in combating various pathogens, their efficacy against Salmonella, particularly in combination, remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera honey, garlic extracts, and their combination against Salmonella in Wolayta Sodo, southern Ethiopia. Aqueous honey and garlic extracts were prepared at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 g/100 mL. Antibacterial activity against Salmonella was assessed via the agar well diffusion method to measure zones of inhibition. The efficacies of honey, garlic, and their combinations were compared at different concentrations. All the data were statistically analyzed via one-way ANOVA, with a probability of 0.05 and a 95% significance level, via SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL version 21.0. Honey exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Salmonella, with inhibition zones ranging from 13.67 mm to 26.33 mm across all concentrations. Garlic extracts showed moderate efficacy, producing inhibition zones between 12.00 mm and 15.67 mm. Unexpectedly, the combination of honey and garlic did not have synergistic effects and consistently underperformed compared with honey alone. The antibacterial activity of all the treatments was concentration dependent, with the highest efficacy observed at 100 g/100 mL (P<0.001). This study provides evidence of the potent antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera honey against Salmonella, which surpasses that of garlic extracts alone or in combination. These findings highlight the potential of honey as a natural antimicrobial agent, particularly at high concentrations
Prevalence and associated risk factors of bruise in the bovine carcass slaughtered Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
Get PDFBruising bovine carcasses is a significant concern in the meat industry and affects both animal welfare and economic outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for bruises in bovine carcasses in the Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to May 2023; 384 randomly selected cattle were examined during ante- and postmortem inspections. Data on potential risk factors, including age, sex, breed, body condition, and causes of bruising, were collected. Visual inspection, palpation, and incision techniques were employed during the postmortem examination to identify and record the prevalence, anatomical location, and severity of bruises. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS version 16.00, with nominal regression used to determine bruise rates and chi-square tests used to assess the associations between risk factors and bruise occurrence. A 95% confidence interval was applied, and differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. The study revealed a 24.48% prevalence of bruising, with stick beating (8.9%) being the most common cause. The anatomical distribution of the bruises varied, with the highest condemnation rates observed in the back and loin (6.25%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in bruise incidence based on age, sex, and body condition (p<0.05). A high prevalence of bruising has a substantial economic impact on the local meat industry. Factors such as improper handling during transportation significantly contribute to this issue. Recommendations include implementing awareness programs for stakeholders and enhancing animal welfare measures to mitigate economic losses and improve carcass quality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prevalence, Cysts Distributions, Associated Risk Factors and Economic Importance of Cysticercus Tenuicollis in Small Ruminant Slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir, Somali Regional state, Ethiopia
No full textA cross-sectional study was done between November 2019 and April 2020 with the goal of identifying the prevalence of cysticercus tenuicollis in small ruminants, evaluating possible risk factors associated with it, and estimating the amount of the direct economic losses associated with condemned organs. A total of 545 small ruminants slaughtered at Jigjiga municipal abattoir were randomly selected and managed through ante-mortem and post-mortem examinations. From the total inspected shoats, 98 (17.9%) were recorded to be affected with C. tenuicollis. From the 349 inspected goats, C. tenuicollis was found in 71 (20.3%), and from the 196 inspected sheep, 27 (13.8%). The prevalence of C. tenuicollis according to their sex was higher in male sheep 16 (14.9%) and goats 51 (22.6%) than female sheep 11(12.35%) and goat 20 (16.12%). The infection rate of C. tenuicollis in regards to age group revealed that a higher incidence was recorded in adult goats 60 (22%) and sheep 20 (14.3%) than young goats 11 (14.4%) and sheep 7 (12.2%). Goats 27 (26.2%) and sheep 8 (20.5%, originated from Babile were more infected compared to goats and sheep from Jigjiga (23.7%, 17.3%) and Kebribayah (10.8%, 7.3%) respectively, with a statistically significant variations (P<0.05) among goats coming from various areas. Related to body condition scores and the disease, higher prevalence was noted in poor body condition of sheep and goat (18.6%, 27%) than medium (13.7%, 19.6%) and good (10.6%, 14%) body scores respectively, with significant difference in goat (P<0.05). Anatomical distribution of Metacestode revealed the highest proportions of C.tenuicollis in omentum followed by liver than any other organs. During the active abattoir investigation, a total of about 385,621.236 ETB (10,810.8 USD$) were lost due to organ condemnation. The findings imply that C. tenuicollis is widespread, may cause health Problems for shoats, and may lead to economic loss for the country. This indicates that the problem must be controlled by reducing the number of stray dogs, deworming dogs, avoiding backyard executions, and properly disposing of infected viscera
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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