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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
(Na,K)-ATPase and Ouabain binding in reticulocytes from dogs with high K and low K erythrocytes and their changes during maturation.
No full textIncrease of Na+ gradient-dependent L-glutamate and L-aspartate transport in high K+ dog erythrocytes associated with high activity of (Na+, K+)-ATPase.
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Increase of Na+ gradient-dependent L-glutamate and L-aspartate transport in high K+ dog erythrocytes associated with high activity of (Na+, K+)-ATPase.
Get PDFAs reported previously, some dogs possess red cells characterized by low Na+, high K+ concentrations, and high activity of (Na+, K+)-ATPase, although normal dog red cells contain low K+, high Na+, and lack (Na+, K+)-ATPase. Furthermore, these red cells show increased activities of L-glutamate and L-aspartate transport, resulting in high accumulations of such amino acids in their cells. The present study demonstrated: (i) Na+ gradient-dependent L-glutamate and L-aspartate transport in the high K+ and low K+ red cells were dominated by a saturable component obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Although no difference of the Km values was observed between the high K+ and low K+ cells, the Vmax values for both amino acids' transport in the high K+ cells were about three times those of low ones. (ii) L- and D-aspartate, but not D-glutamate, competitively inhibited L-glutamate transport in both types of the cells. (iii) Ouabain decreased the uptake of the amino acids in the high K+ dog red cells, whereas it was not effective on those in the low K+ cells. (iv) The ATP-treated high K+ cells [(K+]i not equal to [K+]o, [Na+]i greater than [Na+]o) showed a marked decrease of both amino acids' uptake rate, which was almost the same as that of the low K+ cells. (v) Valinomycin stimulated the amino acids' transport in both of the high K+ and the ATP-treated low K+ cells [( K+]i greater than [K+]o, [Na+]o), suggesting that the transport system of L-glutamate and L-aspartate in both types of the cells might be electrogenic. These results indicate that the increased transport activity in the high K+ dog red cells was a secondary consequence of the Na+ concentration gradient created by (Na+, K+)-ATPase
(Na,K)-ATPase and Ouabain binding in reticulocytes from dogs with high K and low K erythrocytes and their changes during maturation.
Get PDFThe present study demonstrated that dog reticulocytes had considerable amounts of (Na,K)-ATPase, but lost it rapidly during maturation into erythrocytes. Furthermore, reticulocytes from dogs possessing erythrocytes characterized with high (Na,K)-ATPase activity and high K, low Na concentrations (HK dogs; Maede, Y., Inaba, M., and Taniguchi, N. (1983) Blood 61,493-499) had more ouabain binding sites than cells from normal dogs (LK dogs). Our results were as follows: i) The maximal binding capacities (Bmax) for ouabain binding at equilibrium were approximately 0 and 1,500 binding sites/cell in LK and HK dog erythrocytes, respectively. ii) Reticulocytes from LK dogs possess approximately 5,700 ouabain binding sites/cell. iii) The Bmax value for ouabain in HK reticulocytes was about 10,000 sites/cell, being 2-fold that in LK reticulocytes. iv) Ouabain-sensitive fluxes of 24Na and 42K in each type of reticulocyte were compatible with the number of ouabain binding sites on the cells. v) Ouabain binding capacity, as well as (Na,K)-ATPase activity, in the reticulocytes from LK dogs fell rapidly to nearly zero during the maturation into erythrocytes. vi) Although reticulocytes from HK dogs also showed a similar regression of (Na,K)-ATPase during maturation, they retained a certain number of ouabain binding sites even after maturation, resulting in the high activity of (Na,K)-ATPase in HK erythrocyte membrane
Na,K-ATPase in dog red cells. Immunological identification and maturation-associated degradation by the proteolytic system.
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