265,762 research outputs found
Pornography and the First Amendment: A Reply to Professor MacKinnon
No full textProfessor Catharine MacKinnon, in a recent article in this journal, powerfully and perceptively developed her thesis that pornography is [c]entral to the institutionalization of male dominance. Pornography, she urges, is a political practice that causes attitudes and behaviors of violence and discrimination which define the treatment and status of half of the population. I am not sure that I would draw the line between Eros and dehumanization at the same point as Professor MacKinnon appears to. Moreover, all the evidence is not yet in as to the actual impact of pornography, and Professor MacKinnon may overstate its role in the subordination of women. Nevertheless, generally speaking, I accept Professor MacKinnon\u27s basic position and proceed upon the premise that pornography plays a major part in establishing and maintaining male supremacy in our society
Improving the reliability of bootstrap tests with the fast double bootstrap
No full textTwo procedures are proposed for estimating the rejection probabilities of bootstrap tests in Monte Carlo experiments without actually computing a bootstrap test for each replication. These procedures are only about twice as expensive (per replication) as estimating rejection probabilities for asymptotic tests. Then a new procedure is proposed for computing bootstrap P values that will often be more accurate than ordinary ones. This “fast double bootstrap” is closely related to the double bootstrap, but it is far less computationally demanding. Simulation results for three different cases suggest that the fast double bootstrap can be very useful in practice.Bootstrap
Jämställt sex sökes : Tiina Rosenberg i samtal med Catharine MacKinnon
No full textDen feministiska juridikprofessorn Catharine MacKinnon är en legend inom feministisk aktivism och teori. Hon förknippas först och främst med så kallade sexkrig som i början av 1980-talet kretsade kring pornografi och prostitution. Dessa debatter sammanfattade då två motsatta positioner: för eller mot porr och prostitution. MacKinnon har gjort sig känd genom sin beskrivning av kön och kvinnors sexuella relationer som strukturerade av tvångsmässig underordning. Denna reflektion utgår från ett samtal med MacKinnon vid nordiskt Forum i Malmö 2014. Texten ingår i antologin Utvägar som presenterar möjliga framtider för den feministiska rörelsen. </p
Catharine MacKinnon\u27s feminist epistemology
No full textCatharine MacKinnon makes it clear that she believes there is an important and close connection between her epistemological views and her theory of gender. What remains unclear, however, are: the content of MacKinnon\u27s epistemological views, the nature of the connection that purportedly holds between those views and her theory of gender, and whether or not MacKinnon is right to posit such a connection. The aim of this writing is, therefore, three-fold. First, I explain MacKinnon\u27s feminist epistemology and her theory of gender. Second, I unearth from MacKinnon\u27s philosophically murky discussion a two-pronged argument against representational epistemology and in favor of hermeneutics. And finally, I argue that, even when rendered in their strongest form, MacKinnon\u27s epistemological considerations fail to link up meaningfully with her theory of gender. Presenting considerations strikingly similar to those raised by Richard Rorty in Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, MacKinnon argues that abandoning representational epistemology and embracing feminist epistemology both dissolves a vexing philosophical puzzle and creates a more receptive space in political debate for the voices of oppressed groups (including, importantly for MacKinnon, women\u27s voices). There is a small, though growing, cadre of thinkers persuaded by the sorts of philosophical considerations raised by MacKinnon. It is not belief in the soundness of such purely philosophical considerations, however, that primarily motivates MacKinnon\u27s commitment to feminist epistemology. Rather, it is MacKinnon\u27s conviction that such an epistemology has advantageous political consequences for women. I can find no ground for thinking, however, that advantageous political repercussions would be forthcoming for women should representational epistemology be abandoned and MacKinnon\u27s feminist epistemology widely embraced. MacKinnon\u27s over-arching goal is the liberation of women from sexist oppression, and she regards the popular acceptance of her theory of gender as an important step toward that goal. By complicating her discussion of gender with discussion of irrelevant epistemological issues, MacKinnon hinders rather than assists progress toward her over-arching objective. Accordingly, I conclude that MacKinnon would have done well to excise all discussion of epistemology from her work
Improving the Reliability of Bootstrap Tests with the Fast Double Bootstrap
No full textWe first propose two procedures for estimating the rejection probabilities of bootstrap tests in Monte Carlo experiments without actually computing a bootstrap test for each replication. These procedures are only about twice as expensive (per replication) as estimating rejection probabilities for asymptotic tests. We then propose a new procedure for computing bootstrap P values that will often be more accurate than ordinary ones. This "fast double bootstrap" is closely related to the double bootstrap, but it is far less computationally demanding. Simulation results for three different cases suggest that this procedure can be very useful in practice.bootstrap test, double bootstrap, Monte Carlo experiment, rejection frequency, fast double bootstrap, FDB
Bootstrap Hypothesis Testing
No full textThis paper surveys bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods for testing hypotheses in econometrics. Several different ways of computing bootstrap P values are discussed, including the double bootstrap and the fast double bootstrap. It is emphasized that there are many different procedures for generating bootstrap samples for regression models and other types of model. As an illustration, a simulation experiment examines the performance of several methods of bootstrapping the supF test for structural change with an unknown break point.bootstrap test, supF test, wild bootstrap, pairs bootstrap, moving block bootstrap, residual bootstrap, bootstrap P value
Pornography and the First Amendment: A Reply to Professor MacKinnon
No full textProfessor Catharine MacKinnon, in a recent article in this journal,powerfully and perceptively developed her thesis that pornographyis [c]entral to the institutionalization of male dominance. Pornography,she urges, is a political practice that causes attitudesand behaviors of violence and discrimination which define the treatmentand status of half of the population. I am not sure that Iwould draw the line between Eros and dehumanization at the samepoint as Professor MacKinnon appears to. Moreover, all the evidenceis not yet in as to the actual impact of pornography, and ProfessorMacKinnon may overstate its role in the subordination ofwomen. Nevertheless, generally speaking, I accept ProfessorMacKinnon\u27s basic position and proceed upon the premise that pornographyplays a major part in establishing and maintaining malesupremacy in our society
Testing for Consistency using Artificial Regressions
No full textWe consider several issues related to what Hausman (1978) called "specification tests", namely tests designed to verify the consistency of parameter estimates. We first review a number of results about these tests in linear regression models, and present some new material on their distribution when the model being tested is false, and on a simple way to improve their power in certain cases. We then show how in a general nonlinear setting they may be computed as "score" tests by means of slightly modified versions of any artificial linear regression that can be used to calculate Lagrange multiplier tests, and explore some implications of this result. We show how to create a variant of the information matrix test to test for parameter consistency. We examine conventional tests and our new version in the context of binary choice models, and provide a simple way to compute both tests based on artificial regressions. Some Monte Carlo evidence suggests the most common form of information matrix test can be extremely badly behaved in samples of even quite large size.Durbin-Hausman tests; information matrix tests; binary choice models; Lagrange multiplier tests
Bootstrap Inference in a Linear Equation Estimated by Instrumental Variables
No full textWe study several tests for the coefficient of the single right-hand-side endogenous variable in a linear equation estimated by instrumental variables. We show that all the test statistics--Student's t, Anderson-Rubin, Kleibergen's K, and likelihood ratio (LR)--can be written as functions of six random quantities. This leads to a number of interesting results about the properties of the tests under weak-instrument asymptotics. We then propose several new procedures for bootstrapping the three non-exact test statistics and a conditional version of the LR test. These use more efficient estimates of the parameters of the reduced-form equation than existing procedures. When the best of these new procedures is used, K and conditional LR have excellent performance under the null, and LR also performs very well. However, power considerations suggest that the conditional LR test, bootstrapped using this new procedure when the sample size is not large, is probably the method of choice.bootstrap test, weak instruments, anderson-rubin test, conditional LR test, wald test, instrumental variables
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