1,721,771 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Real-time PCR; History and Fluorgenic Chemistries
No full textThe use of real-time PCR in microbial diagnostics has increased to the point where it has evolved from a novelty into a mature and essential technology for the field. In doing so, real-time PCR has driven significant changes in the way we detect microbes. The predominantly phenotype-related methods of culture and antigen det while still of considerable value, are being supplanted by the detection, characterization and quantification of microbial nucleic acids. Real-time PCR has engender wider acceptance of the PCR technique due to its improved rapidity, sensitivity, reproducibility and the considerably reduced risk of carry-over contamination. There are many fluorogenic chemistries that can detect PCR product as it accumulates but only a few are useful, popular or exciting enough to be the subject of publication field of microbiology. We review how real-time PCR has come to be; especially the essential role of fluorescence and we critically.review the plethora of detection chemistries available to the end user
Quantification of Microorganisms: not Human, not Simple, not Quick.
No full textThe majority of real-time PCR applications in microbiology are for qualitative (resulting in a yes or no answer) detection of a virus, bacterium, fungus or parasite of disease relevance, the importance of quantitative PCR (qPCR) to microbiology has been proven, however it is less clear just how punctilious the clinical microbiology laboratory must be to produce relevant quantitative results. Despite a decade of qPCR experience, commercial development of applications is limited and many approaches remain entrenched among the PCR techniques used to monitor human mRNA levels rather than addressing adequately the diverse needs of the microbiology field. Real-time PCR has permeated every aspect of microbiology, but its applications have particular value in the clinical microbiology laboratory where speed, sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy of this tool help to produce robust data in a, clinically relevant timeframe. Other areas within microbiology have also gained from the use of real-time PCR; gene therapy has found benefit from qPCR applications that monitor the production, replication and administration of viral vector: transport therapeutic genes into host cells or tissues. Studies of the host's response to microbial replication suggest a vision of the future wherein patient specimens may be used to provide an indication not only of the type of micro-organism present and its replicative status, but the stage of disease and the type of immune response underway. To make such vision reality, we must first discuss and reach consensus on the best, microbiology-specific qPCR approaches to permit the production comparable microbial load data. This process must include the development of clear definitions associating microbial load with clinical outcome, the production (reference materials, the development of more quality assessment schemes and of commercial kits. It may be that we find the perfect estimate of micro-organism numbers is not as important as reproducible and clinically relevant data. The increased identification of newly emergent or previously unknown endemic pathogens demands that we must strive harder than ever to expand our understanding of infectious diseases, and for that we need reliable results from reliable tools
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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