918 research outputs found
L.D. Trotsky and Activity of Research and Technology Division of USSR Supreme Council of National Economy in mid-1920s
No full textThe article considers the activities of L.D. Trotsky as the head of the Research and Technology Division of the Supreme Council of National Economy of the USSR in 1925–1926. The author uses archival documents from the Fund of the Russian State Archive of Economy, documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History and other sources. There is analyzed L.D. Trotsky’s contribution to the development of applied science in the USSR
Manifesto on Neighbourliness
No full textThe manifesto and toolkit offers a starting place for ethical creative inquiry when making work with other people or community from an institutional position, such as student, artist-in-resident, or faculty. It is in response to the author’s experience as a community practice artist who spent their undergraduate degree at Emily Carr University frustrated with the overwhelming pressure to create fast-paced, ethically questionable projects using community as subject. Manifesto on Neighbourliness: Ethics Toolkit for Creative Community Inspiration collates knowledge shared via conversation, reading assignments, making mistakes, and other forms of interdependent inquiry. Mickey L.D. Morgan explores ethics through themes such as care, mitigating violence, responsibility, while at the same time an attempt at practicing these through situating themself within the text
Theoretical studies of the historical development of the accounting discipline: a review and evidence
No full textMany existing studies of the development of accounting thought have either been atheoretical or have adopted Kuhn's model of scientific growth. The limitations of this 35-year-old model are discussed. Four different general neo-Kuhnian models of scholarly knowledge development are reviewed and compared with reference to an analytical matrix. The models are found to be mutually consistent, with each focusing on a different aspect of development. A composite model is proposed. Based on a hand-crafted database, author co-citation analysis is used to map empirically the entire literature structure of the accounting discipline during two consecutive time periods, 1972–81 and 1982–90. The changing structure of the accounting literature is interpreted using the proposed composite model of scholarly knowledge development
Electromyographic standardized indices in healthy brazilian children and adults
No full textAIM: We aimed to (a) determine values of the electromyographic (sEMG) standardized indices for the assessment of muscular symmetry (left and right side, percentage overlapping coefficient, POC), potential lateral displacing components (unbalanced contractile activities of contralateral masseter and temporalis muscles, TORS), anterior-posterior displacing component (barycenter, BAR), relative activity (most prevalent pair of masticatory muscles, ATTIV), and standardized total activity (IMPACT) in healthy Brazilian children; (b) compare children to health adults.
METHODS: We analyzed 19 healthy children (6-12 years, mean age 9.5, SD 2.0), 11 male and 8 female, 19 healthy adults (19-30 years, mean age 25.2, SD 3.5 ), 3 male and 16 female. All subjects had normal natural dentition for age and normal dental occlusion, and no temporomandibular or craniocervical disorders. Additionally, children had Facial Height Ratio (FRH = Jarabak quotient) > 59% and no previous or current orthodontic treatment.
sEMGs of masseter and temporal muscles were performed during maximum teeth clenching either on cotton rolls between teeth or in intercuspal position (MVC). EMG indices were calculated with the potentials recorded during the MVC tests standardized by MVC with cotton rolls. Descriptive statistics were computed for all variables that were normally distributed. Mean values were compared by Student’s t tests for independent samples (P< 0.05).
RESULTS: Children showed adequate neuromuscular coordination, with mean values similar to those of the adults: POC [%] masseter (85.9±4.0% and 86.2±3.9%), POC [%] temporal (86.4±10.0% and 87.4±2.5%), TORS [%] (89.6±7.1% and 91.8±0.9%), BAR [%] (86.1±8.5% and 87.4±7.1%), and ATTIV [%] (9.4±15.9% and 10.3±8.4%). Because children showed higher activity during MVC than during MVC with cotton rolls, their Impact index [%] (total muscular standardized activity) was higher than in adults (142±51% and 100±31%) p = 0.005. The values obtained for healthy adults were in accordance with literature data.
CONCLUSION: The current study was the first to evaluate these EMG indices in Brazilian children. Overall, these findings in healthy subjects with normal occlusion may be interpreted as muscular coordination, independent of dentition stage and craniofacial development.
These children data may be used as reference values. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This work was supported by Provost’s Office for Research of the University of São Paulo, and the first author received a fellowship from: The State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) -Brazil
Biohydrogen production under hyper salinity stress by an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor with mixed culture
No full textBackground: This study investigated the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) and NaCl concentration on biohydrogen production by preheated anaerobic sludge in a lab scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) fed with glucose during long time operation. Methods: During ASBR operation, the OLR was increased in steps from 0.5 to 5 g glucose/L.d and NaCl addition started at an OLR of 5 g glucose/L.d, to obtain NaCl concentrations in the reactor in the range of 0.5-30 g/L. Results: With an increasing OLR from 0.5 to 5 g glucose/L.d, the biohydrogen yield increased and reached 0.8 ± 0.4 mol H2/mol glucose at an OLR of 5 g glucose/L.d. A NaCl concentration of 0.5 g/L resulted in a higher yield of biohydrogen (1.1 ± 0.2 mol H2/mol glucose). Concentrations above 0.5 g/L NaCl led to decreasing biohydrogen yield and the lowest yield (0.3 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glucose) was obtained at 30 g/L of NaCl. The mass balance errors for C, H, and O in all constructed stoichiometric reactions were below 5%. Conclusions: The modified Monod model indicated that r (H2)max and Ccrit values were 23.3 mL H2/g VSS/h and 119.9 g/L, respectively. Additionally, ASBR operation at high concentrations of NaCl shifted the metabolic pathway from acidogenic toward solventogenic.Sanitary Engineerin
Experiências da agricultura sustentável no Rio Grande do Sul: estudo de caso nos municípios Cerro Grande do Sul, Ibarama, Maquiné, Montenegro, Sobradinho
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas.Há várias vertentes que perseguem a harmonização entre as atividades produtivas e a natureza, entre as quais se encontra a agricultura sustentável, que é o eixo deste trabalho. Seu objetivo é caracterizar e analisar a situação de 17 unidades de produção sustentável e seus atores sociais em cinco municípios do Rio Grande do Sul (Cerro Grande, Ibarama, Maquiné, Montenegro e Sobradinho), apontando seus entraves, potencialidade e oportunidades. A análise foi baseada na pesquisa de campo realizada com agricultores familiares dedicados a práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, além de outros atores sociais, como técnicos e profissionais da área. Na metodologia, teve-se em conta o abordagem sistêmica na estruturação das entrevistas. A coleta dos dados fez-se através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com agricultores, técnicos e profissionais na área pesquisada, combinando-se os dados e a análise quantitativa e qualitativa das informações coletadas. Foram organizados e analisados os componentes socio-econômicos, ténico-agronômicos, econômicos, ecológicos e políticos-instituicionais da realidade investigada. Os principais fundamentos teóricos utilizados na análise incluem a agricultura de base familiar e suas características, bem como as práticas, técnicas e os processos que identificam a agricultura sustentável. O trabalho de campo analisou as condições em que se desenvolvem as atividades produtivas nas unidades pesquisadas, além do desempenho e o grau de satisfação dos agricultores nestas atividades e a participação dos técnicos e profissionais. Através da análise dos referidos dados. Entre vários outros aspectos, constatou-se que acima de 65% das unidades de produção investigadas apresentam viabilidade econômica, embora parte delas ainda utilize, além das práticas alternativas, o sistema de produção convencional. Identificou-se, assim, a persistência de vários problemas, os quais considera-se que sejam ocasionados, em parte, pela falta de planejamento nas unidades produtivas e, em parte pela falta de pesquisas na área. Um último aspecto bastante importante nesse quadro é o apoio que o governo de Estado vem dando a esta agricultura, através de programas de capacitação, financiamento à produção e à industrialização dos produtos
Spatial And Seasonal Variability Of Trace-element Concentrations In Sediments From The Santos-cubatão Estuarine System, São Paulo, Brazil [variabilidade Espacial E Sazonal Da Concentração De Elementos-traço Em Sedimentos Do Sistema Estuarino De Santos-cubatão (sp)]
No full textMulti-element analyses of sediment samples from the Santos-Cubatão Estuarine System were carried out to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of trace-element concentrations. The study area contains a rich mangrove ecosystem that is a habitat for tens of thousands of resident and migratory birds, some of them endangered globally. Enrichments of metals in fine-grained surface sediments are. in decreasing order, Hg, Mn, La, Ca, Sr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, Nb, Y, Ni and Ga, relative to pre-industrial background levels. The maximum enrichment ranged from 49 (Hg) to 3.1 (Ga). Mercury concentrations were greater in the Cubatão river than in other sites, while the other elements showed greater concentrations in the Morrão river. Concentrations of Mn were significantly greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. However, other elements (e.g. Cd and Pb) showed the opposite, with greater concentrations in summer and spring. This study suggests that seasonal changes in physical and chemical conditions may affect the degree of sediment enrichment and therefore make the assessment of contamination difficult. Consequently, these processes need to be considered when assessing water quality and the potential contamination of biota.292256263Boldrini, V.B., Navas-Pereira, D., (1987) Ambiente, 1, p. 118Gutberiet, J., (1996) CubatãoDesenvoivimento, Exclusão Social e Degradação Ambiental, , EduspSão PauloBraga, E.S., Bonetti, C.V.D.H., Burone, L., Bonetti Filho, J., (2000) Mar. Pollut. Bull., 40, p. 165Luiz-Silva, W., Matos, R.H.R., Kristosch, G.C., (2002) Quim. Nova, 25, p. 753Adams, P., (1991) Odious DebtsLoose Lending, Corruption and the Third World's Environmental Legacy, , Earthscan: Toronto(2001) O Sistema Estuarino de Santos e São Vicente, , CETESBSão PauloSantos Filho, E., Silva, R.S., Barretto, H.H.C., Inomata, O.N.K., Lemes, V.R.R., Sakuma, A.M., Scorsafava, M.A., (1993) Rev. Saúde Pública, 27, p. 59Harbison, P., (1986) Mar. Pollut. Bull., 17, p. 246Warnken, K.W., Gill, G.A., Griffin, L.L., Santschi, P.H., (2001) Mar. Chem., 73, p. 215(1981) Metais Pesados Na Baía de Santos e Estuários de Santos e São Vicente, , CETESBSão PauloLau, S.S.S., Chu, L.M., (1999) Water Res., 34, p. 379Aragon, G.T., Ovalle, A.R.C., Carmouze, J.P., (1999) Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 3, p. 85Gueiros, B.B., Machado, W., Lisboa Filho, S.D., Lacerda, L.D., (2003) J. Coastal Res., 19, p. 550Almeida, F.F.M., Cameiro, C.D.R., (1998) Rev. Bras. Geociências, 28, p. 135Matos, R.H.R., (2002) Tese de Doutorado, , Universidade Estadual Paulista, BrasilKristosch, G.C., (2003) Te Se de Doutorado, , Universidade Estadual Paulista, BrasilRebello, A.L., Haekel, W., Moreira, I., Santelli, R., Schroeder, F., (1986) Mar. Chem., 18, p. 215Lacerda, L.D., Carvalho, C.E.V., Rezende, C.E., Pfeiffer, W.C., (1993) Mar. Pollut. Bull., 26, p. 220Silva, L.F.F., Machado, W., Lisboa Filho, S.D., Lacerda, L.D., (2003) Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 145, p. 67Soares, H.M.V.M., Boaventura, R.A.R., Machado, A.A.S.C., Esteves Da Silva, J.C.G., (1999) Environ. Pollut., 105, p. 311Villaescusa-Celaya, J.A., Gutiérrez-Galindo, E.A., Flores-Munõz, G., (2000) Environ. Pollut., 108, p. 453(2001) Methods for Collection, Storage and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemical and Toxicological AnalysesTechnical Manual, , U.S. EPAWashingtonFrignani, M., Bellucci, L.G., Langone, L., Muntau, H., (1997) Mar. Chem., 58, p. 275Machado, W., Moscatelli, M., Rezende, L.G., Lacerda, L.D., (2002) Environ. Pollut., 120, p. 455Marins, R.V., Paula Filho, F.J., Maia, S.R.R., Lacerda, L.D., Marques, W.S., (2004) Quim. Nova, 27, p. 763Licht, O.A.B., (1998) Prospecção Geoquímica: Princípios, Técnicas e Métodos, , CPRMRio de JaneiroKoch Jr., G.S., Link, R.F., (1971) Statistical Analysis of Geological Data, , Willey: New YorkLepeltier, C., (1969) Econ. Geol., 64, p. 538Matschullat, J., Ottenstein, R., Reimann, C., (2000) Environ. Geol., 39, p. 990Gresens, R.L., (1967) Chem. Geol., 2, p. 47Loring, D.H., (1990) Mar. Chem., 29, p. 155Hoshika, A., Suguio, K., Hirata, S., Tessler, M.G., Mishima, Y., Mahiques, M.M., (1996) Actas Do 3° Simpósio de Oceanografia, , São Paulo, BrasilTurekian, K.K., Wedepohl, K.H., (1961) Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 72, p. 175Sadowski, G.R., (1974) Tese de Doutorado, , Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil(1972) Carta Topogrãfica de Santos. Eolhas SF-23-Y-D-IV-3 e SG-23-V-B-I-I. Escala i / 50.000, , la ed., IGG: São PauloNichok, S.J., Manny, B.A., Schloesser, D.W., Edsall, T.A., (1991) Hydrobiologia, 219, p. 307Cooper, D.C., Morse, J.W., (1998) Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, p. 327Sholkovitz, E., Szymczak, R., (2000) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179, p. 299Lau, S.S.S., (2000) Water Res., 34, p. 387Calmano, W., Hong, J., Förstner, U., (1993) Water Sci. Technol., 28, p. 223Otero, X.L., Macias, F., (2002) Biogeochem., 61, p. 24
Becoming a good host: A beginner’s guide to learning deliberative civic engagement
No full textThis article examines how Deliberative Civic Engagement (DCE) is used as a public engagement process to invite disjointed cultural communities into a shared space to engage in democratically inspired dialogue. Dialogue is sought in DCE events because it encourages reflexivity and allows for collaborative ideation processes. Collaboration among differing groups demands that DCE events are open enough to be influenced by the immediate concerns of the participants involved. In addition, openness and vulnerability are required to support deep level thinking and connection between heterogeneous identities represented.
Kevin L.D. Leaven is a recent graduate of the James Madison University’s graduate program in Communication and Advocacy.
Author\u27s note
As the COVID-19 crisis continues, social distancing is being encouraged to minimize the spread of the coronavirus. Consequently, many conversations between colleagues, friends, and family have moved online using platforms like Zoom and Google Hangouts. Digital technologies have enabled people to overcome some of the obstacles posed by this unprecedented viral event. However, merely having the technology to talk to our peers does not automatically make conversations easier. Nor does COVID-19 erase the social barriers that previously complicated our relationships. However, I believe that people are resilient and that there are ample tools available to spark meaningful discussions amongst our associates. Thus, this article serves as a primer for deliberative civic engagement, which provides one approach to facilitating constructive, informed, and decisive dialogue with others. I argue that cultivating constructive dialogue is a skill with multiple avenues for improvement. So I hope that this article will provide helpful ideas to strengthen your communication skills while encouraging you to engage in fruitful dialogue with others in your life
Traffic management and control in intelligent vehicle highway systems
No full textTraffic congestion is a problem experienced daily by most of us. Among various traffic management schemes, efficient utilisation of the existing roadside infrastructure combined with in-vehicle technologies offers a promising solution to address traffic congestion and related problems. This approach has resulted in the development of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHSs). An IVHS basically consists of roadside infrastructures interacting with automated intelligent vehicles (IVs) that are organised in a closely spaced groups called platoons. With platooning, more vehicles can be accommodated on the highway, thus increasing the traffic flow. In the present situation, most of the existing traffic management and control centers use conventional roadside-based control measures to improve the traffic performance. The objective of the thesis is to provide a framework and a systematic approach for integrating traffic control and management methods into the IVHS. The focus of the thesis is on combining the control capabilities offered by automated platoons with those of the roadside infrastructure. We aim at developing traffic management and control methods to be implemented at various control levels, by incorporating intelligence from and within vehicles. Thus the roadside controllers use both IV-based and conventional traffic control measures for controlling and managing platoons, such that the performance of the traffic is improved.Delft Center for Systems and ControlMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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