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Influencia da embalagem e do armazenamento na qualidade fisiologica sanitaria de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirstum L.) e de arroz (Oryza Sativa L.) e efeito de herbicidas sobre os fungos associados
No full textOrientador: Doris GrothDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia AgricolaResumo: Nas culturas de algodão e de arroz as doenças atingem níveis elevados, causando a redução ou a perda total da produção. As sementes, desde o início de sua formação até a germinação, podem ser invadidas por microrganismos patogênicos que podem transmiti-Ios às gerações subsequentes. Quando elas são secas para posterior armazenamento, os fungos de campo sobrevivem sob formas de resistência e, dependendo da temperatura e umidade relativa do ambiente e do grau de infestação e de umidade das sementes, esses patógenos podem ou não morrer. Os herbicidas, além da desejada ação tóxica sobre as plantas, exercem possíveis efeitos correlatos sobre outros organismos do meio ambiente, sendo um deles sobre os fungos presentes nas sementes e que são transmitidos através delas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar: a) a qualidade fisiológica (germinação e vigorenvelhecimento acelerado e primeira contagem) e sanitária (método do papel de filtro) das sementes de algodão e de arroz armazenadas durante 12 meses em dois tipos de embalagens; b) o efeito dos herbicidas alachlor e pendimethalin, seletivos para a cultura de algodão, e butachlor e oxadiazon, seletivos para a cultura do arroz sobre os diversos fungos associados às suas sementes. Após a colheita, 40kg de sementes de cada cultura foram divididas em subamostras e acondicionadas nas embalagens de papel multifoliado e de plástico trançado. Para a determinação da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária, as sementes foram avaliadas no início e a cada dois meses, durante os 12 meses de armazenamento (junho de 1996 a junho de 1997), em condições de ambiente natural de Campinas, São Paulo. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do armazém foram registradas e a umidade das sementes também foi determinada. O delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições para todos os parâmetros. O teste com os herbicidas foi realizado antes do armazenamento, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A comparação entre as médias foi feita pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as sementes apresentaram boa armazenabilidade nas condições de Campinas, SP; a umidade relativa do ar durante o armazenamento influenciou significativamente o grau de umidade das sementes, nas duas embalagens e nas duas culturas; durante o período de armazenamento, não houve diferença significativa na germinação, no vigor e na sanidade das sementes das duas culturas, para as embalagens de papel multifoliado e de plástico trançado; a perda do poder germinativo e do vigor teve início a partir do oitavo mês de armazenamento para as sementes de algodão e de arroz, com exceção para o cv. IAC 242 de arroz cujas sementes mostraram diminuição a partir do décimo mês; os principais fungos detectados nos lotes de sementes de algodão, foram: Colletotrichum gossypii, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp.; e nos lotes de sementes de arroz, foram: Pyricularia grisea, Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium spp., Phoma spp., Curvularia spp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria spp., Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp.; os fungos de campo avaliados, mantiveram-se viáveis até os 12 meses de armazenamento nas duas culturas, com exceção do fungo Pyricularia grisea, no lote 73 do cv. IAC 165 de sementes de arroz; a incidência dos fungos de armazenamento Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. variou conforme o cultivar, nas sementes de algodão e arroz; as doses dos herbicidas promoveram redução da incidência de todos os fungos presentes nas sementes das duas culturas; a maior ou menor incidência dos diversos fungos, não alterou o efeito dos herbicidas; o herbicida alachlor, em sementes de algodão, foi mais eficiente na inibição do fungo Colletotrichum gossypii a partir da dose 12,5 ug.mrAbstract: In cotton and rice crops, diseases can cause severe reductions in yield. During formation until germination seeds may be invaded by pathogenic microorganisms that may be transfered to the next generation. When the seeds are dried, field fungi survive in the resistance form and depending on temperature, air relative humidity, level of infestation and moisture, these pathogens on survive. Herbicides in addition to the toxic effect on plants, hold correlate effects on the fungi presention seeds. The objective of this investigation were to evaluate the physiological (germination, vigour-accelerated aging and first count) and sanitary (filter paper) quality of cotton and rice seeds, and the effect of herbicides on fungi seeds. It was used 40kg of postly-harvested seeds of each, conditioned in two types of backages: multiwall paper and polietilene bags. The seeds were submitted to the following tests: germination, vigour (accelerated aging and first count) and healthy test (filter paper) at the beginning and at every two months, during 12 months of storage period, and the effect of herbicides in the seeds fungi. The environmental storage conditions (temperature and relative humidity) prevalent in Campinas State of São Paulo, were recorded and the moisture content of the samples was determinated. The responses of the samples to the treatments, indicated that the seeds had good storability at the environmental conditions of Campinas, SP; the relative humidity of the air during the storage affected the moisture of the seeds in the two kind of packages; during the storage period there was no difference in the germination, vigour (accelerated aging and first count) and healthy condition of the cotton and rice seeds between the types of packages; the germination and vigour loss, is began at the eighth month of storage for both species, with exception of the rice cultivar IAC 242 that showed reduction only in the tenth month; the fungi in the cotton seeds were Colletotríchum gossypií, Botryodíplodía theobromae, Fusaríum spp., Penícíllium spp. and Aspergíllus spp.; the fungi in the rice seeds were Pyrícularía grísea, Bípolarís oryzae, Fusaríum spp., Phoma spp., Curvularía spp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria spp., Penícíllíum spp. and Aspergíllus spp.; all the field fungi appraised, remained viable during the 12 months of storage with the exception of Pyrícularía grísea in the lot 73 of the cv. IAC 165 of rice seeds; the incidence of storage fungi varied with the cultivar of the cotton and rice seeds; there were effects of herbicide rates for all the fungi in the cotton and rice seeds; the percentage of fungi incidence appraised in the cotton and rice seeds, had no influence in the herbicides effect; the alachlor herbicide in cotton seeds, was more efficient for inhibition of the Colletotríchum gossypií in the rate 12,5 ug.mr1 and for the Botryodíplodía theobromae in the highest rate (50 and 100 ug.mr1) than pendimethalin; in rice seeds oxadiazon herbicide, inhibited the Bípolarís oryzae fungus in the rate 12,5 ug.mr1MestradoPre-Processamento de Produtos AgropecuariosMestre em Engenharia Agrícol
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Influence of bag types on health quality of stored rice seeds
No full textThe experiment was carried out in the Seed Pathology Laboratory of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) with the purpose of evaluating the health quality of rice seeds kept in two bag types multifoliated paper and polyethylene, during storage. Fungi incidence was estimated at the start and every two months, along 12 months of storage in the environmental conditions of Campinas (Brazil). No difference in sanitary conditions of seeds was found for bag types. The fungi found on the rice seeds were Pyricularia grisea, Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium spp., Phoma spp., Curvularia spp., Cladosporium spp., Alternaria spp., Penicilium spp. and Aspergillus spp. The incidence of Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. increased along the 12 months of the experiment. Rice seed had good storage conditions in Campinas, in São Paulo State in relation to the environmental conditions of low moisture and dry weather.O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Patologia de Sementes do Centro de Fitossanidade (área de Fitopatologia) do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), tendo como objetivo avaliar a qualidade sanitária de sementes de arroz, em dois tipos de embalagem (sacos de papel multifoliado e de plástico trançado), durante 12 meses de armazenamento (junho de 1996 a junho de 1997), em condições de ambiente natural de Campinas, SP. As sementes foram avaliadas no início e a cada dois meses. O experimento foi analisado estatísticamente pelo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições. Os principais fungos detectados nos lotes de sementes de arroz foram: Pyricularia grisea, Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium spp., Phoma spp., em pequenas porcentagens Curvularia spp., Cladosporium spp., Alternaria spp. e os fungos de armazenamento Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. Durante o período de armazenamento, não houve diferença significativa na sanidade das sementes para as embalagens de papel multifoliado e plástico trançado. A incidência dos fungos Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp., aumentou durante o armazenamento.As sementes de arroz apresentaram boa armazenabilidade nas condições de Campinas, SP, devido a baixa umidade relativa do ar e o clima seco.425
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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