2,675 research outputs found
Multiple Substituent Effects on the Rate Constants for N(2)-N(3) Restricted Rotation of
No full textauthor of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Triazenes represent an interesting class of organic photochromic materials based on cis-trans isomerization around a nitrogen-containing double bond, and are of potential use in optical memory devices. One structural property of triazenes related to cis-trans isomerization is restricted rotation around the N(2)-N(3) bond. The purpose of the study presented in this thesis is to investigate the influence of aryl substitution on the N(2)-N(3) rotational barrier of meta and/or para substituted cis-1,3-diphenyltriazenes. Rate constants for restricted rotation in cis-triazenes were measured by means of a laser-flash photolysis system, via trans-to-cis photoisomerization of corresponding trans-triazenes (which were synthesized either by classical or non-classical diazonium coupling reactions). A quantitative structure-reactivity correlation analysis of rate constants for restricted rotation of cis-triazenes was carried out i
Constraints to growth and job creation in low-income Commonwealth of Independent States countries
No full textDespite sustained output growth since 1997, low-income Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries (CIS-7) have not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as"jobless growth."The author addresses the causes of this phenomenon in the CIS-7. He argues that the lackof job creation is explained by a combination of structural factors, including capital-intensive growth, large potential for productivity gains among existing workers, and compartmentalized economies best depicted by a dual labor market framework. Agriculture and industry have performed asymmetrically and grown apart during the recession and during the growth periods. Agriculture provides subsistence and refuge from urban poverty and unemployment but is unable to grow beyond subsistence because it is disconnected from industrial manufacturing and because the agricultural infrastructure is depleted and underinvested. Industry has progressively lost its manufacturing capacity, and focuses on capital-intensive, highly productive sectors, and provides good wages for the few highly skilled workers. With governments and the international community currently refraining from investing in agricultural and industrial policies focused on reviving manufacturing, jobless growth is likely to persist.Labor Markets,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Standards,Economic Growth,Achieving Shared Growth
New insight into DNA damage by cisplatin at the atomic scale
No full textCisplatin is cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) of chemical formula, Pt(NH3)Cl2, abbreviated as cis-DDP and known commercially as platinol. It is used widely as an anticancer drug for various types of cancer, ever since its discovery two centuries ago and has become a target of extensive researches. Transplatin, trans-DDP on the other hand, is found to be less or ineffective to treat cancers. Cisplatin is known to interact mainly with the N(7) nitrogen of guanine in nucleic acids, after a water molecule takes away one of the chlorines by hydrolysis. This initiates the damage of nucleic acids and eventually leads to apoptosis. However the way how this happens and why transplatin is less effective is not completely clear. Here the author brings some new insights, using the precise structures of these molecules at the atomic level, how cisplatin can interact with the nitrogen of guanine and adenine and rupture the hydrogen bonding in the Watson Crick base pairs and damage the structure of DNA. It is hoped that the results presented here will contribute to a better atomistic insight into the structure, bonding and feasibility of the biochemical reactions involving these compounds and their derivates for the alleviation of cancer
Concept of the International Labour Law of the CIS
No full textThe main topic of the article is the international labour law and it deserves mentioning that in Russia there are still not many researches done in the sphere of this branch of international law.The article dwells upon the features of the international labour law pertaining to the states, which are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The author considers particularly the internal legal regimes of labour in these countries and analyzes the universal, multilateral and bilateral agreements concerning labour aspects, which had been concluded by the CIS countries.As a result of the research, the author formulates the concept of the CIS international labour law, as well as its special principles. Moreover in the article the author determines the place of the CIS international labour law in the system of international law. In the conclusion author also offers some proposals so as to modernize the system of the CIS international labour law
MODELS OF AGRARIAN REFORMS IN CIS COUNTRIES
No full textThe article shows variable market reforms of the agrarian sphere in CIS countries. In particular, the author characterizes Russian, Belorussian, Armenian and Asian models of transfer from socialism to capitalist relations in rural areas. A clear indicator of agriculture restructuring results is changing the figure of animal produce consumption per capita in CIS countries before and after reforms. The most advanced in the integration aspect part of CIS space is the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes Armenia, Belorussia, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia and Russia. The author summarizes indictors of the mentioned countries dependence on import of certain food stuffs
Influence of weather parameters on a fireball’s dark flight
No full textThe computation of the dark flight of a bright fireball requires knowledge of the atmospheric parameters. In particular wind and wind direction as a function of height are crucial for an accurate trajectory. In this paper we compare different sources of sounding balloon and model data, and study the effect on the dark flight.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Planetary Exploratio
EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2008
No full textThe EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook publishes papers, reports, and information materials addressing wide spectrum of pertinent issues of regional integration, in particular its economic and institutional aspects, the theories of regional integration, and relevant integrational experience.regional integration, economic integration, post-Soviet space, CIS
Selective Enrichment Yields Robust Ethene-Producing Dechlorinating Cultures from Microcosms Stalled at cis-Dichloroethene
No full textabstract: Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains are of particular importance for bioremediation due to their unique capability of transforming perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to non-toxic ethene, through the intermediates cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Despite the widespread environmental distribution of Dehalococcoides, biostimulation sometimes fails to promote dechlorination beyond cis-DCE. In our study, microcosms established with garden soil and mangrove sediment also stalled at cis-DCE, albeit Dehalococcoides mccartyi containing the reductive dehalogenase genes tceA, vcrA and bvcA were detected in the soil/sediment inocula. Reductive dechlorination was not promoted beyond cis-DCE, even after multiple biostimulation events with fermentable substrates and a lengthy incubation. However, transfers from microcosms stalled at cis-DCE yielded dechlorination to ethene with subsequent enrichment cultures containing up to 10[superscript 9] Dehalococcoides mccartyi cells mL[superscript −1]. Proteobacterial classes which dominated the soil/sediment communities became undetectable in the enrichments, and methanogenic activity drastically decreased after the transfers. We hypothesized that biostimulation of Dehalococcoides in the cis-DCE-stalled microcosms was impeded by other microbes present at higher abundances than Dehalococcoides and utilizing terminal electron acceptors from the soil/sediment, hence, outcompeting Dehalococcoides for H[subscript 2]. In support of this hypothesis, we show that garden soil and mangrove sediment microcosms bioaugmented with their respective cultures containing Dehalococcoides in high abundance were able to compete for H[subscript 2] for reductive dechlorination from one biostimulation event and produced ethene with no obvious stall. Overall, our results provide an alternate explanation to consolidate conflicting observations on the ubiquity of Dehalococcoides mccartyi and occasional stalling of dechlorination at cis-DCE; thus, bringing a new perspective to better assess biological potential of different environments and to understand microbial interactions governing bioremediation.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.010065
CIS-DEFECTS IN TRANS-POLYENES
No full textAuthor Institution: Air Force Research LaboratoryAll trans-polyenes have received tremendous experimental and theoretical attention because of their importance to vision and photosynthesis as well as conductive and semiconductive electronic applications. Numerous examples exist of cis-linkages contained in an otherwise all trans-polyene unit, such as the cis-trans isomerization associated with the vision process or the cis-polyacetylene formed initially in the Shirakawa synthesis of trans-polyacetylene. Though such cis-structures can have significant impact on optical, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties, such defects have received only scant attention. In this work, we report the results of ab initio calculations on the structure and properties of cis-defects embedded within all-trans-polyene units
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CIS,CIS OCTATETRAENE IN THE CONDENSED PHASE
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan Universitycis,cis octatetraene undergoes photoisomerization to cis,trans octatetraene at low temperatures in an n-octane matrix. We have shown that this takes place in the state and determined the energy barrier for isomerization in this excited state from measurements of the low temperature fluorescence and the temperature dependence of the fluorescence decay rates. The barrier for excited state isomerization will be compared to the much larger barrier that have been implicated for the isomerization on the ground state surface
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