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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Effetti sul metabolismo osseo e sulla composizione corporea dei farmaci anticonvulsivanti: studio caso-controllo in pazienti in monoterapia con acido valproico e carbamazepina.
No full textPremessa:
Gli effetti negativi dei farmaci antiepilettici (AEDs) sul metabolismo osseo sono noti fin dagli anni sessanta, quando furono pubblicati i primi studi.
Essi riguardavano principalmente i farmaci di prima generazione, in particolare il fenobarbital e la fenitoina. Più recentemente, simili effetti collaterali sono stati riscontrati anche per i farmaci così detti di seconda generazione, come carbamazepina (CBZ) e acido valproico (VPA).
I meccanismi risultanti nella diminuzione della densità ossea non sono ancora stati totalmente chiariti, benché, negli anni, siano state proposte molte teorie; il principale responsabile di questo importante effetto collaterale, è stato considerato l'induzione esercitata dai così detti farmaci “enzyme-inducing” (categoria alla quale appartengono molti dei farmaci antiepilettici come il fenobarbital e la carbamazepina) sull'enzima mitocondriale citocromo P450, accelerando così il metabolismo della vitamina D3 nei suoi metaboliti inattivi.
Questa teoria non è in grado di spiegare però, il motivo per il quale anche farmaci non-enzyme-inducing ( l'acido valproico in primis) mostrino degli effetti sul metabolismo fosforo-calcico.
La conclusione di numerosi studi è quindi che gli AEDs possano agire sull'equilibrio fosforo-calcico a più livelli, ad esempio interagendo negativamente con l'equilibrio osteobalsti-osteoclasti, diminuendo l'assorbimento intestinale del calcio, agendo sull'inibizione della risposta cellulare al PTH, sull'induzione di un iperPTH e infine tramite una diminuzione della produzione della calcitonina.
E' chiaro come qualsiasi elemento che perturbi l’equilibrio del metabolismo osseo durante la fase di accrescimento in età pediatrica, impedisca il raggiungimento di un adeguato PMO, diventando un importante fattore di rischio iatrogeno per le fratture e predisponendo alla malattia osteoporotica nell'età adulta.
Un altro effetto collaterale recentemente indagato è l'azione dei farmaci anticonvulsivanti sull'omeostasi fisiologica degli ormoni: questo avviene perché la maggior parte di essi determina una blocco dei canali voltaggio-dipendenti del sodio e dei canali del calcio, o un incremento della trasmissione GABAergica e/o un'azione antagonista sui recettori del glutammato.
E' ragionevole aspettarsi che questi meccanismi influenzino la secrezione degli ormoni ipotalamici come il GnRH ( gonadotropine releasing hormone) il CRH (corticotropic-releasing hormone ) il GRH e il TRH.1
Le modificazioni della fisiologia ormonale potrebbero condurre i pazienti a sviluppare patologie metaboliche importanti, manifestantesi con un aumento di peso e del BMI, e quindi allo sviluppo di insulino-resistenza con modificazioni dei parametri metabolici come LDL, HDL e trigliceridi.
Materiali e Metodi:
Sono stati arruolati per questo studio, 20 pazienti della Clinica Neuropediatrica, in monoterapia con acido valproico o carbamazepina.
Essi sono stati sottoposi a densitometria ossea (DXA), per poterne valutare i parametri di contenuto osseo, densità ossea, e composizione corporea.
I valori ottenuti sono stati comparati con i valori dei casi-controllo.
E’ stata effettuata un’analisi di varianza (ANOVA) sia tra i campioni “pazienti in terapia” e “casi-controllo” che tra “pazienti in terapia con CBZ” e “pazienti in terapia con VPA” e “pazienti femmine in terapia” con “pazienti maschi in terapia”.
Successivamente abbiamo cercato eventuali correlazioni tra il tempo di terapia e l’età di inizio della terapia con le altre variabili con l’utilizzo del coefficiente di Pearson.
Risultati:
Si può osservare dall'analisi statistica, l'emergere di una significativa differenza (p <0,0283) tra i pazienti che assumono terapia con AEDs e i casi controllo, per quanto riguarda il L- BMDv Z-score.
Questo dato è molto interessante sia perché il BMD volume, nei bambini e negli adolescenti è il fattore maggiormente indicativo della densità ossea perché indipendente dalla statura, sia perché, nella maggior parte degli studi effettuati, il sito maggiormente interessato dall'azione di entrambi farmaci è la colonna lombare.
Gli effetti che si sono potuti osservare nel nostro studio di VPA e CBZ sulla composizione corporea sono statisticamente molto significativi: si ritrova infatti, sia un aumento della Massa grassa Kg (p < 0,006) che percentuale (p < 0,0007) rispetto ai controlli sani.
Nonostante non sia stato evidenziato un aumento significativo del BMI e del BMI SDS, e sia risultata non significativa la differenza tra l'acido valproico e la carbamazepina nel determinare l’effetto, possiamo comunque concludere come vi sia un’azione negativa dei farmaci antiepilettici sulla massa grassa.
Alla luce di ciò, appare verosimile come, ampliando il campione a nostra disposizione e prendendo un data set più omogeneo, si potrebbero
determinare ulteriori effetti negativi dei farmaci oggetto dello studio
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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