1,720,976 research outputs found
Bridging seismology and geomorphology: investigations into the 2006 and 2007 Kuril Islands earthquakes and tsunamis
No full textDissertationNumerous geophysical and geological observations of the 15 November 2006 and 13
January 2007 Kuril Island earthquake doublet and associated tsunamis help link earthquakes’
seismological characteristics with tsunamis’ coastal effects. Expression of the tsunamis in the
central Kurils remained unknown until post-tsunami surveys in summers of 2007 and 2008.
Surveyed runup in 192 locations over a distance of 600 km averaged ~10 m, maximum ~20
m. Higher runup generally occurred along steep, protruding headlands, and longer
inundation distances on lower, flatter coastal plains.
As often observed but rarely measured in other cases, the Kuril tsunamis were
dominantly erosional, while also leaving deposits. Pre- and post-tsunami surveys, including
reoccupied topographic profiles, provide confidence to attribute changes to tsunami
processes, in some cases to quantify these changes. Areas with low runup (<8 m) experienced
limited geomorphic change, near the shore; regions with high runup (>15 m) experienced
massive erosion. Where sandy beaches existed, sheetlike tsunami deposits reached ~90% of
tsunami runup and inundation. The volume of eroded sediment far outweighed the amount
deposited on land in all cases studied. The tsunamis eroded the beach landward, stripped
vegetation, created scours and trim lines, cut through ridges, and plucked rocks from the soil.
The effects were dominantly erosive because high-relief topography accelerated tsunami
outflow.
Post-tsunami surveys primarily found and measured only one tsunami wrackline,
indicative of the largest onshore wave, with few clues as to which tsunami formed it.
Simulations of tsunamis based on published slip distributions of both earthquakes using the
numerical MOST model (Method of Splitting Tsunamis) help untangle the events. These
simulations suggest that the larger tsunami in most places was 2006, but that 2007 was larger
on Matua and parts of Rasshua islands.
The effect of slip distribution on nearfield tsunami runup was investigated using a
diversity of slip-distribution inversions. The slip distribution in outer-rise earthquakes like
2007 causes less variation in runup patterns than is the case in subduction-zone earthquakes
like 2006. Differences in length and width of inversions’ subfaults also affect runup patterns
when these differences affect up-dip or down-dip distribution of slip
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The 2015 landslide and tsunami in Taan Fiord, Alaska
Get PDFGlacial retreat in recent decades has exposed unstable slopes and allowed deep water to extend beneath some of those slopes. Slope failure at the terminus of Tyndall Glacier on 17 October 2015 sent 180 million tons of rock into Taan Fiord, Alaska. The resulting tsunami reached elevations as high as 193 m, one of the highest tsunami runups ever documented worldwide. Precursory deformation began decades before failure, and the event left a distinct sedimentary record, showing that geologic evidence can help understand past occurrences of similar events, and might provide forewarning. The event was detected within hours through automated seismological techniques, which also estimated the mass and direction of the slide - all of which were later confirmed by remote sensing. Our field observations provide a benchmark for modeling landslide and tsunami hazards. Inverse and forward modeling can provide the framework of a detailed understanding of the geologic and hazards implications of similar events. Our results call attention to an indirect effect of climate change that is increasing the frequency and magnitude of natural hazards near glaciated mountains
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