229 research outputs found
1.23 Ga mafic dykes in the North China Craton and their implications for the reconstruction of the Columbia supercontinent
No full textAbstract not availableWei Wang, Shuwen Liu, M. Santosh, Lifei Zhang, Xiang Bai, Yue Zhao, Shuanhong Zhang, Rongrong Gu
[[alternative]]A Study on a Psychotherapist’s Countertransference during the Process of Psychotherapy
No full text[[abstract]]A Study on a Psychotherapist’s Countertransference during the Process of Psychotherapy
Pey-Ling Shieh
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the countertransference during an ongoing process of psychotherapy. The study is conducted by the phenomenology approach. As a ten-session psychotherapy progressed, the psychotherapist was interviewed within 30 hours after each session. The data were analyzed by a framework retrieved from the data itself. The contextual factors, natures and transformation of the countertransference were all described.
The result yielded 22 units of countertransference experience. When compared with contextual factors, the psychotherapist’s countertransference to the specific client was found to have dual implications and to be more various than her original definition of and previous experiences of countertransference. The related factors of countertransference consisted of the fixed background of the therapist as well as the unique portion of the therapist-client interaction. The four domains of countertransference were classified as ‘feelings or cognitions toward the client’, ‘the role and position of the therapist and psychotherapy’, ’relationship and therapy maintenance’ and ‘distraction with associations’.
Most units of countertransference fall into the category of ‘Feelings or cognitions toward the client’. The therapist had various feelings toward the client and some of those feeling led to cognitions about the client. ‘Role and position of the therapist and psychotherapy’ is the second most frequent category of the countertransference, which happened when the therapist wondered about ‘what is the role of a therapist’ and ’what is the position of psychotherapy’. The feeling of being used and of not being respected would contribute to the discontinuity of therapy. As for the countertransference of ’relationship and therapy maintenance’, therapist’s assessment of the relationship was directly related to the maintenance of therapy. On ‘distraction with associations’, the therapist experienced various association and identification.
During the process of the psychotherapy, the familiarity of the therapist with the client increased. The global trend of understanding moved from stereotype-based and experience-based toward specific issues of the client. The focus of hypotheses-testing moved from ‘content consistency between client’s story and therapist’s experience’ toward ’internal consistency within client’s aspects of story’ or ’consistency between client’s story and hypotheses’. The transformation between sessions fluctuated and was recurrent. All four domains occurred at the initial stage and were intertwined with each other throughout the psychotherapy. process.
Given the findings that the countertransference displayed various natures and was formed by multiple factors, the author suggests some directions about future training and research.
Keywords: countertransference, process of psychotherapy, phenomenology
Similar spatial patterns of neural coding of category selectivity in FFA and VWFA under different attention conditions
No full textIt has long been debated whether attention alters the categorical selectivity in regions such as the fusiform face area (FFA) and the visual word form area (VWFA). We addressed this issue by examining whether the spatial pattern of neural representations for certain stimulus categories in these regions would change under different attention conditions. Faces. Chinese characters, and textures were presented in a block design fMRI experiment where participants in different runs attended to the stimuli under different conditions of attention. After localizing regions of interest (ROIs) in FFA and VWFA using general linear models, we performed spatial pattern analyses to examine both within- and cross-condition classification in these ROIs. The within-condition results replicated previous findings showing significant classification accuracy reduction when there was less attention compared with more attention. Critically, cross-condition classification in both FFA and VWFA revealed significantly above-chance accuracy for all stimulus categories, suggesting similar spatial neural representations across different attention conditions. Further strengthening this conclusion, when the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the signals was adjusted to increase signal strength, cross-condition classification accuracy for faces in FFA and for Chinese characters in VWFA improved significantly, even approaching within-condition accuracy. This indicates that attention does not modulate the spatial pattern of neural representations involved in category selectivity, but only changes the signal strength relative to the noise level. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Robust and Task-Independent Spatial Profile of the Visual Word Form Activation in Fusiform Cortex
No full textWritten language represents a special category of visual information. There is strong evidence for the existence of a cortical region in ventral occipitotemporal cortex for processing the visual form of written words. However, due to inconsistent findings obtained with different tasks, the level of specialization and selectivity of this so called visual word form area (VWFA) remains debated. In this study, we examined category selectivity for Chinese characters, a non-alphabetic script, in native Chinese readers. In contrast to traditional approaches of examining response levels in a restricted predefined region of interest (ROI), a detailed distribution of the BOLD signal across the mid-fusiform cortical surface and the spatial patterns of responses to Chinese characters were obtained. Results show that a region tuned for Chinese characters could be consistently found in the lateral part of the left fusiform gyrus in Chinese readers, and this spatial pattern of selectivity for written words was not influenced by top-down tasks such as phonological or semantic modulations. These results provide strong support for the robust spatial coding of category selective response in the mid-fusiform cortex, and demonstrate the utility of the spatial distribution analysis as a more meaningful approach to examine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data
Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic analyses of migmatite from the 'paired metamorphic belt' in Chinese SW Tianshan: Constraints on partial melting associated with orogeny
No full textA paired metamorphic belt with ubiquitous migmatites and rare granulites in its high dT/dP part formed due to oceanic subduction in Chinese southwestern (SW) Tianshan. Although several geochronological studies have addressed it in recent years, the exact timing of the high-grade metamorphism and partial melting is still controversial. For this study, we selected nine samples obtained from three valleys transecting the SW Tianshan Migmatite Complex for U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope analysis to provide constraints on partial melting and the mid-crustal evolution during oceanic subduction and subsequent continental collision. On the basis of internal morphology, Th/U ratios and REE patterns, three types of zircons are discriminated. Dating them reveals five age groups: (1) Inherited zircons either are detrital, with ages scattering from 432 Ma to 3261 Ma, or yield ages concentrated at 406-410 Ma reflecting Early Devonian magmatism; (2) Recrystallized zircon has been transformed from pre-existing zircon under subsolidus conditions at similar to 400 Ma and similar to 360 Ma; (3) Metamorphic rims have grown on zircons at similar to 400 Ma, similar to 290 Ma and similar to 270 Ma, corresponding to three phases of anatexis. The partial melting phase at similar to 400 Ma is probably related to the emplacement of voluminous mafic to felsic magmas in a continental arc region above the subduction zone consuming the South Tianshan Paleo-Ocean that triggered the most extensive regional-scale thermal event. However, the two subsequent partial melting phases at similar to 290 Ma and similar to 270 Ma representing post-collisional stages were not penetrative. P-T conditions of the studied migmatites estimated by Hb-Pl thermobarometry and Ti-in-zircon thermometry are 682-763 degrees C, 4.7-8.0 kbar; together with composite Kfs + Q + PI, Kfs + Q and Kfs + Q + Ab inclusions representing entrapped melt and Kfs inclusions with Ab exsolution lamellae in zircon rims, the P-T estimates support the occurrence of anatexis. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope analysis indicates that zircon rims formed under high-grade metamorphic conditions and during partial melting by dissolution-precipitation of pre-existing zircons in a close system. Zircon two-stage Hf model ages constrain the development of the protoliths of the migmatites at four major crustal formation periods (similar to 1871 Ma, 1368-1426 Ma, 1099-1276 Ma and 743 Ma). Combined with previous researches in this area, we conclude that the main crustal formation of the Yili and Central Tianshan Plates has mostly occurred in Proterozoic times, but not or only subordinately during the Archean. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000335102100011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Geochemistry & GeophysicsMineralogySCI(E)[email protected]
Dante\u27s Virgils
No full textThe questions brought to a text define the reading of it, questions both invited by the author and assumed by the reader. Dante\u27s Divine Comedy opens with a remarkable ambiguity that calls for an investigation of the questions being brought to the poem:
Midway along the journey of our lifeI woke to find myself in a dark wood,For I had wandered off from the straight path. (Inf 1.1-3)
Tracing the 850-Ma continental flood basalts from a piece of subducted continental crust in the North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China
No full textA Paleozoic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt extends along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, North Tibetan Plateau. Eclogites in the Yuka eclogite terrane, northwest part of this UHPM belt, occur as blocks or layers of varying size intercalated with granitic and pelitic gneisses. These eclogites have protoliths geochemically similar to enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB) and oceanic island basalts (OW). On the basis of Ti/Y ratios, they can be divided into low-Ti and high-Ti groups. The low-Ti group (LTG) eclogites exhibit relatively low TiO(2) (most <2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (<500) but comparatively high Mg# (48-55), whereas the high-Ti group (HTG) eclogites have high TiO(2) (most >2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (>500) but lower Mg# (46-52). Zircons from two eclogite samples gave a magmatic crystallization (protolith) age of similar to 850 Ma and a UHPM age of similar to 433 Ma. The occurrence, geochemical features and age data of the Yuka eclogites suggest that their protoliths are segments of continental flood basalts (CFBs) with a mantle plume origin, similar to most typical CFBs. Our observation, together with the tectonic history and regional geologic context, lend support for the large scale onset of mantle plume within the Rodinia supercontinent at similar to 850 Ma. The Qaidam block is probably one of the fragments of the Rodinia supercontinent with a volcanic-rifted passive margin. The latter may have been dragged to mantle depths by its subducting leading edge of the oceanic lithosphere in the Early Paleozoic. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000285531100009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Geosciences, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)63ARTICLE4805-81618
The tectonic evolution of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt: Evidence from U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Chinese southwestern Tianshan accretionary melange
No full textThe Tianshan Orogenic Belt, which is located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is an important component in the reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of the CAOB. In order to examine the evolution of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt, we performed detrital zircon U-Pb dating analyses of sediments from the accretionary melange from Chinese southwestern Tianshan in this study. A total of 542 analyzed spots on 541 zircon grains from five samples yield Paleoarchean to Devonian ages. The major age groups are 2520-2400 Ma, 1890-1600 Ma, 1168-651 Ma, and 490-390 Ma. Provenance analysis indicates that, the Precambrian detrital zircons were probably mainly derived from the paleo-Kazakhstan continent formed before the Early Silurian by amalgamation of the Kazakhstan-Yili microplate, the Chinese central Tianshan terrane and the Kyrgyz North and Middle Tianshan blocks, while detrital zircons with Paleozoic ages mainly from igneous rocks of the continental arc generated by the northward subduction of the south Tianshan paleocean. The age data correspond to four tectono-thermal events that took place in these small blocks, i.e., the continental nucleus growth during the Late Neoarchean-early Paleoproterozoic (similar to 2.5 Ga), the evolution of the supercontinents Columbia (2.1-1.6 Ga) and Rodinia (1.3-0.57 Ga), and the arc magmatism related with the Phanerozoic orogeny. The Precambrian zircons show a similar age pattern as the Tarim and the Cathaysia cratons and the Eastern India-Eastern Antarctica block but differ from those of Siberia distinctly. Therefore, the Tianshan region blocks and the Kazakhstan-Yili microplate have a close affinity to the eastern paleo-Gondwana fragments, but were not derived from the Siberia craton as proposed by some previous researchers. These blocks were likely generated by rifting accompanying Rodinia break-up in late Precambrian times. The youngest ages of the detrital zircons from the subduction melange show a maximum depositional age of ca. 390 Ma. It is coeval with the end of an earlier arc magmatic pulse (440-390 Ma) but a bit older than a younger one at 360-320 Ma and nearly 70-80 Ma older than the HP-UHP metamorphism in the subduction zone (320-310 Ma). (C) 2013 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Geosciences, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)[email protected],SI1627-16432
A Side-Constrained Peer-to-Peer Carpooling Stochastic User Equilibrium Model
No full textPeer-to-peer (P2P) carpooling has become an effective way to utilize the idle car capacity and ease traffic congestion. However, the interactive relationship between carpooling and traffic congestion has not been fully quantified. To make up for this gap, this paper constructs a side-constrained P2P carpooling stochastic user equilibrium model to disclose the effects of carpooling on traffic congestion. Next, the proposed model was transformed into a linear constrained minimization problem, and the problem was proved to have a unique solution. The case study shows that the travellers prefer carpooling at a high fuel price and a low inconvenient cost
A Spatial Control for Correct Timing of Gene Expression during the Escherichia coli Cell Cycle
No full textabstract: Temporal transcriptions of genes are achieved by different mechanisms such as dynamic interaction of activator and repressor proteins with promoters, and accumulation and/or degradation of key regulators as a function of cell cycle. We find that the TorR protein localizes to the old poles of the Escherichia coli cells, forming a functional focus. The TorR focus co-localizes with the nucleoid in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, and consequently regulates transcription of a number of genes. Formation of one TorR focus at the old poles of cells requires interaction with the MreB and DnaK proteins, and ATP, suggesting that TorR delivery requires cytoskeleton organization and ATP. Further, absence of the protein–protein interactions and ATP leads to loss in function of TorR as a transcription factor. We propose a mechanism for timing of cell-cycle-dependent gene transcription, where a transcription factor interacts with its target genes during a specific period of the cell cycle by limiting its own spatial distribution
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