1,720,992 research outputs found
The contribution of 'integrated transport studies' to the process of urban planning
Get PDFIn the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of British local authorities commissioned consultants to undertake what have often been termed 'Integrated Transport Studies'. These are a variant of comprehensive transport studies which were undertaken in many British cities during the 1960s. Like their predecessors, 'Integrated Transport Studies' seek to provide policy recommendations to meet the objectives of the
client(s), typically over a 20 year timeframe. However, advocates of the new style of study say they differ from their predecessors by examining transport policy in its
wider urban context, concentrating more on broad strategy than detailed system analysis.
This thesis examines how 'Integrated Transport Studies' have been used in urban transport planning. It examines the process by which 'Integrated Transport Studies' are conducted and assesses the influence they have in particular policy settings. In doing so, it looks at how the studies interact with other influences on policy such as
organizational and political interests and other sources of knowledge.
Birmingham forms the main case study. In 1988 Birmingham City Council became the first local authority in Britain to commission an -'Integrated Transport Study' (known as the Birmingham Integrated Transportation Study (BITS)). The researcher was based in the Council for a year and used a qualitative research design which relied heavily on in-depth interviews with policy-makers. A short piece of analysis then compared the experiences of Birmingham with Leeds where the City Council had commissioned a broadly similar study in 1990.
The research concludes that 'Integrated Transport Studies' are rarely instrumental in bringing about new policies or resolving policy controversies. Participants in the policy process do, however, make use of studies in a number of ways including reorientating the way issues are conceptualized, using them in advocacy settings to support their existing views, or providing the basis for client organizations to work together more effectively. The research also identifies a number of issues which
influence how useful a study is to clients. They are grouped into three categories concerning the study design, the nature of their recommendations and the organizational context within which they are undertaken
Road pricing 1989
No full textTo study the effects of road pricing ( rekening rijden ) on traffic streams. First stage: Departure and arrival time, origin, destination, purpose / public transport as alternative: negative aspects of public transport / flexibility of working hours / car costs payed by company. Second stage: For each respondent / 2 sets of alternative travels have been generated by computer: various combinations with differences in times of departure and arrival, costs and mean of conveyance, ranking of these cards in order of preference. Background variables: basic characteristics/ residence/ household characteristics/ occupation/employment/ income/capital assets/ education/ consumption of durable
Car cost allowances 1983-1984
No full textThe assembly of a new database relating car costs and allowances and to identify the nature and extent of these allowances. Detailed data on car make / model / fuel type and consumption / data of purchase / new / second hand / price / ownership / vehicle type / taxation class. Travelling distances for commuting / business / holiday / private purposes. Employer allowances for car use purchase / insurance / road tax / fuel costs / maintenance and repair. Characteristics of main user / characteristics of household / cost estimation from ANWB tables and banks. Background variables: basic characteristics/ residence/ household characteristics/ place of work/ occupation/employment/ income/capital assets/ social class/ consumption of durable
The welfare effects and distributional impacts of road user charges on commuters: An empirical analysis of Dresden
Get PDFCongestion, air pollution and noise are perceived as some of the most pressing problems caused by increasing use of the car in urban areas today. The introduction of road user charges (road pricing) is a common proposal to solve or reduce these problems. However, its public acceptance is rather low, because it is considered as unjust. Therefore this study investigates the equity issue of road user charges in detail and analyses the distribution of costs and benefits among different groups. One group particularly affected by road pricing and analytically separable is the group of commuters. Hence, this paper analyses empirically the issue of the distributional impacts of road user charges for this group. After specifying the decision of the commuters within a microeconomic framework a binary logit model for mode choice was developed and estimated with disaggregated work trip data from Dresden. Then measures of users benefit that have been derived for discrete choice demand models were applied to the estimated demand functions for the different modes. So it was possible to calculate the changes in commuters welfare for the introduction of different simple toll schemes. This was done for commuters from different income groups and different areas within Dresden. Finally, measures of inequality for situations with and without road pricing were compared.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Understanding attitudes: research into Kirkwall's car culture.
Get PDFThis investigation into car culture in Kirkwall was undertaken to establish the cultural reasons for Kirkwall’s residents’ attachment to their cars and to provide an understanding of what might be required to produce a behavioural change in Kirkwall, leading to a greater use of sustainable modes. It is anticipated that findings from this research will help to inform and the Sustainable Travel Demonstration Town Project Initiatives and Orkney Islands Councils transport policies and strategies
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