1,721,624 research outputs found
Education Concept by KH Morality. Munir Ahmad and Implementation in Modern Cottage Muhammadiyah Paciran Lamongan
No full textInsight Education must be free from bondage and narrow, primordial, and exclusive barriers of thought. Education should be based on morality. This research is conducted at The Modern Cottage Paciran Muhammadiyah Lamongan with the problem formulation: (1) How is the concept of moral education According to KH. Ahmad Munir? (2) How is the implementation of moral education According to KH. Munir Ahmad at Muhammadiyah Paciran Modern Cottage ?. In the data collection the author uses observation documentation and interview methods. While the data to the analysis uses descriptive analysis of data from interviews with eight informants. From the results of the study can be Obtained the description that, the thoughts of KH. Munir Ahmad rejected the dichotomy of science. Islamic education is education that leads to the liberation of students and democratic, it means that it Gives freedom to ask questions, be critical and debatable. The curriculum form has the dimensions of integrated curriculum mattered, with the basic principle that is capable of giving birth to a building of an ummatic curriculum. The significance of the moral education curriculum and the learning methodology in Pondok Modem Muhammadiyah Paciran is quite significant, its implementation is based on interviews from 8 informants items, namely two students and six religious teachers and religious teacher
Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency, and Rural Poverty in Irrigated Pakistan: A Stochastic Production FrontiermAnalysis
Full text linkThe main objective of this study is to estimate the input elasticities of production for poor and non-poor farms. The study estimates the stochastic frontier production function. The results show that the elasticities of production differ for poor and non-poor farms. The production elasticity of land is substantially higher on rich farms as compared to the farms belonging to poor farmers. This implies higher returns on investment on land by the rich farmers. The salinity/sodicity problem and the tail-end location of the plot adversely affect farm productivity and efficiency, particularly at the poor farms. Moreover, the average cost of the existence of technical inefficiencies is about 43 percent in terms of loss in output, with wide variations across farms ranging from 17 percent to 62 percent. The study further concludes that the least efficient group is not only operating far below the frontier but it also operates at the lower portion of the production frontier. Consequently, increasing access to the inputs would likely raise productivity and reduce poverty. The results imply that the land distribution using the notion of land reforms in favour of poor/small farmers in the presence of existing farm structure, rural infrastructure, and the weak farm-supporting institutions is not expected to raise farm productivity and reduce poverty among the poor farmers. The results call for a strong and active role of the government in close partnership with the private sector to initiate income-generating activities and inputs supply chains in the rural areas to break the nexus of poverty, land degradation, and low agricultural productivity.
Agricultural Productivity Growth Differential in Punjab, Pakistan: A District-level Analysis
Full text linkThe results of this paper show that the crop output increased at the rate of 2.6 percent per annum, dominated by the share of TFP growth. Wide variation exists among cropping systems as well as within the system both in TFP growth and output growth. The mungbean zone emerged as a leader in TFP growth with 3.6 percent per annum, followed by barani (3.2 percent), cotton (1.9 percent), mixed (1.1 percent), and rice (1.0 percent) zones. Rice, mixed, and cotton zones show a negative trend in efficiency, and the respective causes appear to be the dominant factor of land degradation sourced by the existence of nutrient-exhaustive cropping pattern, increasing problem of waterlogging and salinity, and the use of brackish underground water, plus the prevalence of curl leaf virus disease in the cotton zone during the 1990s. The other reasons could be the low literacy rate among the farmers in most of the districts of the latter two cropping systems. Besides, the majority of them are also characterised as having very low status in development ranking. The data also show that the area under rice and sugarcane, a highly water-intensive crop, had increased in most of the districts of mixed and cotton zones, during the 1990s instrumented by high instability in cotton output growth as compared to rice and sugarcane. The sources of instability include high volatility in prices, vulnerability of the crop to disease and insect attack, consistently rising production cost, incapacity of the farming communities to deal with the dynamism of technology in cotton production, and increasing waterlogging and salinity problem.
sj-docx-1-bbi-10.1177_11779322211043297 – Supplemental material for A Computational Approach to Modeling an Antagonistic Angiogenic VEGFR1-IL2 Fusion Protein for Cancer Therapy
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-bbi-10.1177_11779322211043297 for A Computational Approach to Modeling an Antagonistic Angiogenic VEGFR1-IL2 Fusion Protein for Cancer Therapy by Qurrat ul Ain Shafique, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Tahreem Zaheer, Rana Adnan Tahir, Munir Ahmad Bhinder, Roquyya Gul and Mahjabeen Saleem in Bioinformatics and Biology Insights</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-docx-1-cpc-10.1177_10556656231185218 - Supplemental material for Association of <i>MSX1</i> Gene Variants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Pakistani Population
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-cpc-10.1177_10556656231185218 for Association of MSX1 Gene Variants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in
the Pakistani Population by Anny Memon, Fariha Fatima Khidiri and
Yar Muhammad Waryah, Roohi Nigar,
Munir Ahmad Bhinder, Ahmed Muhammad Shaikh, Hina Shaikh, Ali Muhammad Waryah in The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal</p
A reliability sampling plan based on progressive interval censoring under Pareto distribution of second kind
No full textGrowth of Livestock Production in Pakistan: An Analysis
Full text linkAgriculture is the backbone and single largest sector of Pakistan’s economy as its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) exceeded 25.3 percent during 1997-98. Crops, livestock, fishing and forestry sub-sectors being its main components, only crop and livestock sub-sectors are of critical importance. They accounted for 59.6 and 36.2 percent of the sector’s output respectively. Because of the ongoing process of structural transformation, agriculture’s share in the national economy is shrinking. From 39 percent of GDP in 1969-70 it has fallen to its current levels [Pakistan (1999a)]. The livestock sub-sector however has not followed suit. It has risen from 27.3 percent in 1969-70 to 36.2 percent in 1997-98. This trend in fact would be more pronounced if the national accounts did not underestimate the sub-sector’s components such as farm yard manure, dung cakes for household fuels and animal draft power. Apart from its contributions to national income, the livestock sub-sector is an active employer of thousands of landless poor and subsistence and semi-subsistence small farming families. Being a household activity, women are a special beneficiary of employment in the sub-sector. It is a major source of nourishment like milk, butter oil, eggs and meat and adds immensely to the health, nutrition and well being of rural as well as urban people. While animal fat and butter oil supplies are helpful in containing vegetable oil imports, many products of livestock origin such as wool and wool products, leather and leather made-ups and animal casings are exported and contribute significantly to hard earned foreign exchange [Ahmad, Ahmad and Chaudhry (1996)]. It follows from the above that the livestock sub-sector is likely to maintain its position as the dominant sub-sector of Pakistan’s agricultural sector or even that of the national economy for quite sometime in the future. Despite the rising and critical importance of the sub-sector, there, however, is no corresponding emphasis on analysing its achievements, problems and future prospects and likely policies to brighten these up. In view of this limitation, the present paper makes a limited attempt to study the growth process of the livestock sub-sector.
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