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POLITIK BUDI UTOMO : DARI MODERAT KE RADIKAL (1918-1920)
Get PDFSkripsi yang berjudul “Politik Budi Utomo : Dari Moderat Ke Radikal (1918-
1920)” mengkaji tentang sejarah sosial politik yang berkaitan dengan dinamika
organisasi Budi Utomo pada masa pergerakan nasional. Penelitian skripsi ini
bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih luas terkait kiprah organisasi
Budi Utomo di ranah politik dan radikal selama periode 1918-1920 khususnya dalam
pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini
adalah metode sejarah, yakni terdiri dari pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi/kritik
sejarah, intepretasi, dan historiografi. Dalam tahap pengumpulan sumber penulis
mengumpulkan sumber penulisan baik sumber primer semisal surat kabar sezaman
dan arsip milik Pemerintah Hindia-Belanda dan Budi Utomo pada periode 1908-1920
dan juga sumber sekunder seperti buku. Setelah data terkumpul, data tersebut
diverifikasi secara kritik intern maupun ekstern. Setelahnya adalah interpretasi fakta
dalam rangka menafsirkan berbagai sumber yang telah diuji keakuratannya. Hingga
pada tahap akhir dilakukan penulisan dalam bentuk skripsi. Penelitian ini disajikan
secara deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan teori perilaku kolektif. Penggunaan
teori tersebut akan memberikan penjelasan yang lebih mendalam hingga ke struktur-
struktur kecil dalam organisasi Budi Utomo terkait bagaimana sikap anggota Budi
Utomo dalam mempengaruhi kebijakan para pimpinan Budi Utomo.
Kajian dalam skripsi ini membahas tentang bagaimana Budi Utomo mengalami
perubahan sikap selama periode 1918-1920 dari moderat menjadi radikal terhadap
pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Kiprah radikal tersebut dilakukan Budi Utomo pada
arena Volksraad dengan bergabung ke dalam Radicale Concentratie sebagai sarana
politik untuk mengkritik kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Penelitian ini
menjelaskan secara kronologis bagaimana Budi Utomo berkiprah dalam bidang politik dan mengalami perubahan sikap dari moderat menjadi radikal akibat empat
faktor. Empat faktor tersebut antara lain : sikap reaktif Budi Utomo terhadap
kebijakan politik kolonial yang semakin bertentangan dengan politik etis, fokus
organisasi yang berupaya untuk mencari massa justru membuat unsur yang lebih
radikal di dalam Budi Utomo mendapat pengaruh yang lebih besar, pergeseran
kepemimpinan Budi Utomo dari kalangan istana Pakualaman (Yogyakarta) ke
Kasunanan (Surakarta) dan yang terakhir kedekatan ideologi salah satu pimpinan
Budi Utomo yaitu Dwidjosewodjo dengan tokoh-tokoh sosialis Belanda.
Meskipun perubahan sikap yang dialami Budi Utomo dari moderat ke radikal
tidak berlangsung lama karena Budi Utomo memutuskan keluar dari Radicale
Concentratie tahun 1920, tapi periode dua tahun menjadi radikal tersebut membawa
berbagai pengaruh di bidang sosial politik bagi perkembangan organisasi khususnya
setelah tahun 1920-an. Dua dampak sosial politik dari perubahan sikap yang dianut
oleh Budi Utomo yaitu orientasi organisasi yang semakin radikal dan revolusioner
setelah tahun 1920 serta menurunnya pamor Budi Utomo di masyarakat. Dua dampak
tersebut membuat Budi Utomo kehilangan semangat serta jati diri organisasi dan
akhirnya Budi Utomo dibubarkan akibat fusi ke dalam Partai Indonesia Raya
(Parindra) tahun 1935.
The research entitled "Politics Budi Utomo: From Moderate to Radical (1918-
1920)" examines the socio-political history associated with Budi Utomo's dynamical
organization during the national movement era in Dutch East Indies. This research
aims to provide a broader understanding of Budi Utomo's organizational gait in the
political and radical realm during the period 1918-1920, especially in the historical
learning at school. The research method used in this study is the historical method,
which consists of source collection, historical verification / critique, interpretation,
and historiography. In the collection source stage the authors collect the source of the
writing both primary sources such as contemporary and archival newspapers of the
Dutch East Indies Government and Budi Utomo during 1908-1920 period as well as
secondary sources such as books. Once the source is collected, the source is verified
internally or externally. Thereafter is the interpretation of facts in order to interpret
the various sources that have been tested for its accuracy. Until the final stages of
writing in the form of a research. This research presented descriptive analysis by
using theory of collective behavior. The use of the theory will provide a more
profound explanation to the small structures in the organization Budi Utomo related
to how the attitude of members of Budi Utomo in influencing the policy of the
leaders of Budi Utomo.
The study in this research discusses how Budi Utomo experienced a change of
attitude during the 1918-1920 period from moderate to radical against the Dutch East
Indies government. Radical gait is done Budi Utomo in the arena of the Volksraad by
joining the Radicale Concentratie as a political means to criticize the policy of the
Dutch East Indies government. This research explains chronologically how Budi
Utomo works in politics and changes attitude from moderate to radical due to four factors. The four factors are: Budi Utomo's reactive attitude towards colonial political
policy which is increasingly contradictory with ethical politics, the focus of the
organization that seeks to search for the masses actually makes the more radical
elements within Budi Utomo get greater influence, the shift of leadership of Budi
Utomo from Palace Pakualaman (Yogyakarta) to Kasunanan (Surakarta) and the last
ideological proximity of one of the leaders of Budi Utomo is Dwidjosewodjo with
Dutch socialist figures.
Although Budi Utomo's moderate-to-radical attitude change did not last long
because Budi Utomo decided to leave Radicale Concentratie in 1920, but the two-
year period of being radical brought various social-political influences for
organizational development especially after the 1920s. Two socio-political impacts of
Budi Utomo's change of attitude were the increasingly radical and revolutionary
organizational orientation after 1920 and the decline of Budi Utomo's prestige in
society. Two of these impacts made Budi Utomo lose spirit and the identity of the
organization and finally Budi Utomo dissolved due to fusion into the Partai Indonesia
Raya (Parindra) in 1935
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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