50 research outputs found
Les procédés mnémotechniques d'un conteur breton
No full textDer Autor macht uns mit Jean-Louis Le Rolland, einem alten bretonischen Erzähler aus der Gegend von Carhaix bekannt. Obwohl ihm seit etwa dreissig Jahren die Gelegenheit zum Geschichtenerzählen fehlte, konnte er sich an zahlreiche Erzählungen erinnern, die auf Tonband aufgenommen oder von ihm selbst aufgeschrieben werden. Aber vor allem versteht es der Erzähler über seine Arbeitsweise zu sprechen : er berichtet, wie er sein Repertoire nach einmaligem Hören jeder Geschichte im Gedächtnis behalten konnte und das dank der Aufgliederung der Geschichte in 13 Segmente, die er durch 13 Wörter symbolisierte. Dieses Zeugnis ist wertvoll, da die Auskünfte über die Art der Memorisierung und der Überlieferung von Volkserzählungen selten sindThe author introduces Jean-Louis Le Rolland, an old Breton story-teller from the Carhaix region. Not having had the oppurtunity to tell his stories for about thirty years, he was nonetheless able to recall a large number of them, which have been recorded, or which he has typed out himself. But, above all, this story-teller speaks about what he does ; he tells us how he was able to memorize his repertory after hearing each tale only once, thanks to a technique of dividing the story into 13 segments symbolised by 13 words.L'auteur présente Jean-Louis Le Rolland, vieux conteur breton de la région de Carhaix. N'ayant plus eu l'occasion de conter depuis une trentaine d'années, il put cependant se rappeler un grand nombre de contes qui ont été enregistrés, ou qu'il a lui-même dactylographiés. Mais surtout, ce conteur sait parler de son activité : il dit de quelle façon il a pu mémoriser son répertoire après une seule audition de chaque conte, grâce à un découpage de l'histoire en 13 segments symbolisés par 13 mots ou expressions. Ce témoignage est précieux, car rares sont les renseignements sur la façon dont les contes populaires étaient mémorisés et transmis.Presenta el autor a J.L. Rolland, viejo narrador bretón de la comarca de Carhaix. Aunque no tuvo la oportunidad de contar desde unos treinta años, pudo sin embargo recordar gran número de cuentos, que han sido grabados, o escritos a máquina. Más que todo, este narrador sabe hablar de su actividad : dice cómo pudo fijar en la memoria su repertorio después de ofrecer cada cuento una sola vez, gracias a una división de la historia en 13 segmentos simbolizados por 13 palabras. Es un testimonio de gran valía ya que son escasos los informes sobre la manera de fijar en la memoria y transmitir los cuentos populares.Laurent Donatien. Les procédés mnémotechniques d'un conteur breton. In: Cahiers de Fontenay, n°23, 1981. Écrit/Oral. pp. 34-42
The Fight against Poliovirus Is Not Over
No full textInternational audiencePoliovirus (PV), the virus that causes both acute poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome, is classified within the Enterovirus C species, and there are three wild PV serotypes: WPV1, WPV2 and WPV3. The launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988 eradicated two of the three serotypes of WPV (WPV2 and WPV3). However, the endemic transmission of WPV1 persists in Afghanistan and Pakistan in 2022. There are cases of paralytic polio due to the loss of viral attenuation in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), known as vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). Between January 2021 and May 2023, a total of 2141 circulating VDPV (cVDPV) cases were reported in 36 countries worldwide. Because of this risk, inactivated poliovirus (IPV) is being used more widely, and attenuated PV2 has been removed from OPV formulations to obtain bivalent OPV (containing only types 1 and 3). In order to avoid the reversion of attenuated OPV strains, the new OPV, which is more stable due to genome-wide modifications, as well as sabin IPV and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, is being developed and offers promising solutions for eradicating WP1 and VDPV
Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics and other antimicromial substances. : Molecular aspects of detection mechanisms
No full textContexte : Amélioration de la prise en charge de l’infection à H. pylori. Matériels et Méthodes : Détection de H. pylori, la résistance à la clarithromycine, la tétracycline, la lévofloxacine, et la détermination des gènes de pathogénicité ont été réalisées par PCR en temps réel, du gène de l’ARNr 23 S, de l’ARNr 16S, PCR classique et séquençage. L’évaluation de la stabilité du mutant résistant par rapport à l’isolat sensible était obtenue par compétition en culture sur cellules gastriques AGS sur une longue période, suivie du séquençage du génome entier. L’évaluation de l’effet de l’extrait de Ceiba pentandra sur H. pylori était réalisée par la détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice. Résultats : Prévalence de l’infection à H. pylori : 75.52%, résistance à la clarithromycine et tétracycline : 4,2% et 1,2%, résistance à la lévofloxacine : 57%. Gène CagA : 92,2%. Gène Vac As1m1 : 82%. Absence de stabilité du mutant résistant dans le couple de souches 3695 R/S (ratio R / S 0,1), à 30 jours de la co-culture (p <0.05) ; ce mutant présentait la mutation A2142G, conférant la résistance à la clarithromycine. On notait la stabilité du mutant résistant dans l’autre couple de souches 3657R/S (ratio R / S ratio : 1,7) à 40 jours de la co-culture (p <0.05), avec développement des mutations compensatoires ; ce mutant présentait la mutation A2143G. L’activité modérée à faible était notée avec les extraits hydroéthanolique et butanolique de Ceiba pentandra, avec une concentration minimale inhibitrice de 50 à 80 μg / ml.Conclusion : il est possible de traiter l’infection à H. pylori avec une thérapie à base de clarithromycine au Congo. L’absence d’une activité forte ne permet pas de recommander Ceiba pentandra dans le traitement de l’infection à H. pylori . La réversion de la résistance dans le cas de H. pylori peut être envisagée.Context: The objective of this work was to improve Helicobacter pylori infection management. Materials and methods: H. pylori detection, it’s resistance to clarithromycine, tetracyclin, levofloxacin, and determination pathogenic genes were done by real-time PCR on 23 S rRNA, on 16 S rRNA gene, classic PCR, sequencing. Evaluation of the resistant mutant stability to its sensitive isolate was carried out by competing them over a long period in culture on AGS gastric cells and whole sequencing genome. The evaluation of Ceiba pentandra extract effect on H. pylori was carried out by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: Prevalence of H. pylori infection: 75.52%, resistance to clarithromycin and tetracycline: 4.2% and 1.2%, levofloxacin resistance: 57%. CagA gene: 92.2%. Vac As1m1 gene: 82%. Lack of stability of the resistant mutant in a 3695 R/S pair of isolates (R/S ratio 0.1), at the 30 day of the co-culture (p <0.05); this mutant had an A2142G mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin. Stability of the resistant mutant in the other 3657 pair of isolates (R/S ratio of 1.7) at the 40 day of the co-culture (p <0.05), with development of compensatory mutations; this mutant had an A2143G mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin. The moderate to low activity was noted with the hydroethanol extract and the butanol extract: minimum inhibitory concentration: 50 to 80 μg / ml. Conclusion: It’s possible to treat H. pylori infection with therapy based on clarithromycin in Congo. The absence of a strong activity does not make it possible to recommend Ceiba pentandra in the treatment of H. pylori infection. Reversion resistance is possible with H. pylori
Current burden of serious fungal infections in Republic of Congo
No full textBackgroundThe Republic of Congo (RoC) is characterised by a high prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, which largely drive the epidemiology of serious fungal infections.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the current burden of serious fungal infections in RoC.Material and MethodsUsing local, regional or global data and estimates of population and at‐risk population groups, deterministic modelling was employed to estimate national incidence or prevalence of the most serious fungal infections.ResultsOur study revealed that about 5.4% of the Congolese population (283 450) suffer from serious fungal infections yearly. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients was estimated at 560, 830 and 120 cases per year. Oral and oesophageal candidiasis collectively affects 12 320 HIV‐infected patients. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, 67% post‐tuberculosis, probably has a prevalence of 3420. Fungal asthma (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation) probably has a prevalence of 3640 and 4800, although some overlap due to disease definition is likely. The estimated prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and tinea capitis is 85 440 and 178 400 respectively. Mostly related to agricultural activity, fungal keratitis affects an estimated 700 Congolese yearly.ConclusionThese data underline the urgent need for an intensified awareness towards Congolese physicians to fungal infections and for increased efforts to improve diagnosis and management of fungal infections in the RoC
Specific genotypes of human papillomavirus in 125 high-grade squamous lesions and invasive cervical cancer cases from Congolese women
No full textBackground:
Knowledge on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in HSIL and ICC is highly essential for the introduction of an effective vaccination program and appropriate epidemiological monitoring of viral ecology before and after vaccination in Congo. This study aimed to determine the specific-HPV genotypes in HSIL and ICC among women in southwestern Congo.
Methods:
125 archival paraffin-embedded biopsy collected between 2008 and 2012 and histologically diagnosed were investigated. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol/chloroform method. HPV search was performed by nested-PCR using MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ consensus primers followed by direct sequencing.
Results:
The mean age of participants was 44.3 ± 8.2 years. Overall, HPV prevalence was 89.6% (112/125) with all high-risk genotypes. HPV-DNA was detected in 81.5% (53/65) of HSIL and 98.3% (59/60) of ICC. HPV 16 the most common genotype was detected in 47.1% (25/53) of HSIL and 52.5% (31/59) of ICC. Other types identified were: HPV 33 (22.6%), HPV 18 (15%), HPV 31 (11.3%) and HPV 69 (3.7%) in HSIL, and HPV 33 (28.8%), HPV 18 (11.8%), HPV 31 (5%) and HPV 35 (1.7%) in ICC. Knowing that the ADC accounted for 6.7% (4/60) of ICC cases, HPV 18 was identified in 25% (1/4) of these cases against 75% (3/4) for HPV 16.
Conclusion:
Our study showed that HPV 16, 33, 18 and 31 were the four most common genotypes in women with HSIL and ICC. These findings indicate that current vaccines against HPV could help to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Congo
Direct microscopic examination of imprints in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement
No full textReading acts of narrative appropriation: four instances of fraudulent memoir
No full textPhDThis thesis examines acts of narrative appropriation, the telling of purportedly‘authentic’ life stories by those for whom the stories are not theirs to tell. This
misuse or subversion of genre - the discipline of historical writing and the category
of autobiography - becomes a means for cultural, social and political dissimulation,
and the analysis focuses both on the act: the event, trespass, or ‘theft’ of another’s
life story, and on the cultural meaning that this event reveals. These narrative acts
are approached theoretically through discussions of what it means to be an author, a
reader, and through the consideration of literary and social genre, category and form.
In exploring identities at particular risk of appropriation, this thesis shows how
fraudulent appropriated narratives affect our reading of the world, and in turn
influence our perception of already marginalized social groups. My primary
examples include prostitution ‘narratives’, Native North American ‘memoir,’ and
fraudulent Holocaust survivor ‘testimony,’ with each text providing decoded
evidence of ‘genre-bending’ exhibiting a social and political intent. These works
seek to be read as authentic personal narratives, as autobiography, and that is how
they have been presented to the reader. However, they are imposters – fictional tales
desiring the elevated status of historical authenticity and willing to bend the rules
and contracts of genre to achieve their end. Here the appearance of authenticity is
achieved through the use of cultural and social ‘myth,’ or perceptions of cultural
identity, and as such its fraudulent construction is first and foremost a social act,
with a social and economic motivation. As this thesis concludes, these texts are
most successful when their own political and social ideologies echo and confirm that
of the readership; when their subjects, the fraudulent ‘I’ at the center of the text is
also a performative elaboration of cultural belief
Effects of Acupuncture on mRNA Levels of Apoptotic Factors in Perihematomal Brain Tissue During the Acute Phase of Cerebral Hemorrhage
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