1,720,968 research outputs found
New technologies for the environment protection in the sector of the motor-way transport
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GLI SPIN-OFF DI RICERCA COME SPINTA ALLO SVILUPPO DI UN'ECONOMIA CIRCULA
No full textAbstract
L’economia circolare rappresenta oggi un nuovo paradigma economico basato sull’ambiente e sul recupero
dei materiali. Gli Spin-off sono aziende “Science Based” che rappresentano uno strumento alternativo per
promuovere il trasferimento di conoscenze e tecnologie dalla ricerca alla commercializzazione e produzione.
In altre parole essi rappresentano un ponte tra il sistema della ricerca e il sistema produttivo.
Questa parte di studio fa parte di un progetto più ampio e complesso il cui obiettivo è verificare se lo sviluppo
di Spin-off di ricerca ed in particolare accademici, che operano nel settore “ambiente” o più in generale della
sostenibilità, favoriscono la transizione dal modello classico di economia lineare al modello innovativo di
economia circolare.
Lo scopo ultimo del progetto di ricerca è identificare delle soluzioni di catalizzazione dell’innovazione e di
incentivo alla collaborazione per il trasferimento tecnologico al fine di agevolare la transizione dal modello
classico di economia lineare al nuovo modello di economia circolare.
A livello metodologico, lo studio è stato condotto in una prima fase attraverso la revisione della letteratura e
una volta individuati i fattori chiave, sono state condotte delle indagini esplorative al fine verificare lo stato
dell’arte del sistema, in questa prima fase attraverso la selezione di un campione.
Il modello di analisi può essere generalizzato e replicato su scala più ampia.
I risultati preliminari di questa analisi mostrano una rapida successione di variabili e porta all’identificazione di
due scenari: uno scenario di “closed loop” e uno scenario di “open loop”. Nonostante la scarsa responsione in
questo momento della letteratura rispetto all’oggetto di analisi, i casi studio presenti in letteratura sono scarsi
così come i general framework.
Questi ultimi non evidenziano in modo chiaro la relazione esistente tra Spin-off e diffusione dell’economia
circolare. I risultati mostrano, infatti, una non chiarezza di indirizzo e l’assenza di una posizione dominante sul
tema in letteratura.
È stato quindi rilevato un gap nella letteratura che definisce la necessità di formalizzare un general framework
in cui vengano incluse le variabili chiave e i fattori che possono essere definiti catalizzatori di innovazione e
che possano comportare un cambiamento nei modelli di business
L’innovazione tecnologica
No full textNel capitolo viene descritto il processo innovativo che va dalla nascita dell'idea alla valorizzazione e alla diffusione dell'innovazione tecnologica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Spatial Interaction between Economy and Territory
No full textA complex interplay of socio-ecological drivers of change exists at the different spatiotemporal scales affecting environmental degradation. This is a key issue worldwide and needs to be understood to develop efficient management solutions. One of the most applied theories in the regional analysis is the U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and the level of income in a given economic system or Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Specifically, the EKC hypothesis underlines the (potentially positive) role of formal responses to environmental degradation grounded on government policies that are usually more ambitious in wealthier economic systems. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the role of space in EKC, arguing that spatial variability in the environment–income relationship may indicate additional targets for integrated socio–environmental policies. We hypothesize that a spatially differentiated response to environmental degradation could better adapt to differentiated local contexts. Therefore, to achieve this goal, we present a multi-scale investigation of degradation processes at the local level, providing a refined knowledge of the environment–economy linkages considering more traditional, cross-country and cross-region exercises. Our results demonstrated that—together with temporal, sectoral, and institutional aspects—space and, consequently, the related analysis’ spatial scales, are significant dimensions in ecological economics, whose investigation requires improvements in data collection and dedicated statistical approaches
Rural districts between urbanization and land abandonment: Undermining long-term changes in mediterranean landscapes
Full text linkThe present study investigates changes in the rural landscapes of a Mediterranean country (Greece) over a long time period (1970-2015) encompassing economic expansions and recessions. Using a spatial distribution of 5 basic agricultural land-use classes (arable land, garden crop, vineyards, tree crop and fallow land) derived from official statistics at 6 years (1970, 1979, 1988, 1997, 2006, 2015), a quantitative analysis based on correlation and multivariate techniques was carried out to identify recent changes in the Greek agricultural landscape at prefectural level during different economic waves. Empirical results evidenced both intuitive and counter-intuitive landscape transformations, including: (i) a progressive, spatially-homogeneous reduction of cropland; (ii) a (more or less) rapid decrease in the surface of high-input crops, including arable land, horticulture and vineyards; (iii) a parallel increase in the surface of tree crops, especially olive; (iv) a spatially-heterogeneous decrease of fallow land concentrated in metropolitan and tourism districts, especially in the last decade; and, finally, (v) increasingly diversified landscapes in rural, accessible areas close to the sea coast. Based on a correlation analysis with background socioeconomic indicators, our findings reflect the multiple impacts of urbanization and land abandonment on the composition and diversity of rural landscapes. Changes in agricultural land-use were moulded by multiple drivers depending on latent transformations in rural systems and inherent conflicts with expanding urban regions. Together with market conditions and the Common Agricultural Policy subsidy regime, social contexts and the economic cycle are important when identifying long-term changes in agricultural landscapes, especially in transitional socio-ecological systems
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