1,720,982 research outputs found
Epidemiological transitions in a life-course perspective: challenges and opportunities for healthy ageing
No full textTransition to retirement impact on depressive symptoms: results from a longitudinal analysis within the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project
No full textIndividual voices, collective health: a person-centered cross-sectional study to identify psychological drivers of vaccination attitudes
No full textAlthough existing research identifies different profiles of vaccine-hesitant individuals, most studies focus on isolated psychological constructs, neglecting their interplay in shaping vaccination attitudes. Using data from an online survey of a representative sample of Italian adults, we examined vaccination attitudes through a person-centered methodology. We selected personal values, attitudes, and beliefs for their potential relevance to vaccination attitudes and conducted an exploratory factor analysis to reveal the latent relationships among these variables. This approach allowed us to identify four underlying psychological drivers: Eco-humanism (altruistic/biospheric values and connectedness to nature), Skeptical Perspective (distrust in science, conspiracy mentality, and spirituality), Goal-Driven Positive Mindset (hope and optimism), and Self-Centered Attitude (hedonic/egoistic values). We then assessed how adherence to each driver related to vaccination attitudes, as measured by the VAX-I scale, using multiple linear and quantile regression models. Results showed that higher adherence to Eco-humanism resulted in more positive vaccination attitudes, particularly lower mistrust in vaccine benefits and reduced concerns about pharmaceutical companies’ profiteering. In contrast, a stronger alignment with the Skeptical Perspective was linked to more negative attitudes, including increased mistrust in vaccine benefits, heightened concerns about vaccine safety and pharmaceutical companies’ profiteering, and a greater preference for natural immunity. Likewise, higher adherence to Self-Centered Attitude was tied to an overall more negative stance, particularly marked by amplified worries about unforeseen long-term effects, heightened concerns about pharmaceutical companies’ profiteering, and an increased preference for natural immunity. Goal-Driven Positive Mindset, although not significantly associated with overall vaccination attitudes, was inversely related to mistrust in vaccine benefits. These findings suggest that vaccination attitudes are shaped by distinct psychological profiles, supporting the development of tailored, human-centered vaccine promotion strategies
The role of novel nicotine-containing products on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression
No full textTransition to retirement impact on smoking habit: results from a longitudinal analysis within the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project
No full textBackground: In an ageing society, retirement impacts on behavioural risk factors and health outcomes should be carefully assessed. Scant evidence exists from longitudinal studies on the short- and long-term consequences of the transition to retirement on smoking habit. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data from 27 European countries plus Israel collected in 2004-2020. To estimate relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for smoking status and intensity at seven time periods before and after retirement, we fitted adjusted generalised estimating equation (GEE) models for repeated measures. Results: We selected a cohort of 8998 individuals employed at baseline and retired at follow-up (median follow-up time: 9 years; maximum: 16 years). As compared to the year of retirement, the RR of smoking was 1.59 (95% CI 1.44-1.76) at 10 years or more before retirement, 1.35 (95% CI 1.25-1.46) from 5 to 9 years before retirement, and 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27) from 1 to 4 years before retirement. Smoking steadily decreased after retirement, being 0.94 (95% CI 0.87-1.01) from 1 to 4 years after retirement, 0.76 (95% CI 0.69-0.84) from 5 to 9 years, and 0.58 (95% CI 0.46-0.74) 10 years or more after retirement. In smokers, the estimated number of cigarettes smoked/day decreased from about 27 cigarettes/day at 10 years or more before retirement to 9 cigarettes/day at 10 years or more after retirement (p trend < 0.001). Conclusion: Longitudinal data suggest that lifestyles might favourably change with retirement. Further studies are needed to direct healthy ageing promotion policies better
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Participants' satisfaction with colorectal cancer screening programs: A systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Since satisfaction with cancer screening experience can increase adherence to programs and contribute to reduce morbidity and mortality, its assessment is crucial for programs ́ effectiveness. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review about satisfaction of participants with organized colorectal cancer screening. Methods: We searched relevant scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) from inception to May 2022. We selected cross-sectional studies and clinical trials reporting a quantitative survey-based measure of satisfaction towards CRC screening. Results: A total of 15 studies were included, being published from 1992 to 2019 for an overall number of 21 surveys. Of those, 16 (76%) investigated satisfaction with screening tests (fecal occult blood test, fecal immunochemical test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomographic colonography), 4 (19%) with colonoscopy as assessment test after suspicious findings, and 2 (10%) with both the screening and assessment phase. None of the included surveys used a validated questionnaire. Most surveys reported a high level of satisfaction for both screening and further assessment phases. Temporary pain, discomfort, embarrassment, and anxiety while waiting for results were the commonest negative aspects perceived, with some variability across studies and considered procedures. Conclusions: Satisfaction with the information and communication about screening was generally good, but some authors reported participants' sub-optimal understanding of informative material. Satisfaction with CRC screening is generally high, but its evaluation is performed using non-validated instruments, which limits the interpretation of results and prevents comparability of the current body of evidence
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