1,721,702 research outputs found
Steel Technologies in the Twentieth century
No full textIn house architecture, the steel technologies use has constituted, specially in Italy, a research and experimentation field rather delimited. Although the house topic has been most important in the modernist discussion, becoming, after the war, a social problem, its declension as to steel technology remains conditioned by the historical events, the autarky, and cultural background doesn't accept the temporary idea of housing, suggested by use of steel. In the outlook of vicissitude with fragmentary border reconstruction, the goal is to research technical modes and building system and to assess technique and shape implications. These technical-project vicissitudes were analyzed as to different topic trends: "experimental house", "anti-seismic house", "temporary house" and "steel house". The building experiences of steel house have implied innovation processes, marginal and partial, and large and general tendency to technique hybridization, researching more the factors of constructive and functional rationalization, than the syntactic and linguistic potentialitie
Acciaio e sperimentazione nell'architettura per l'industria nell'Italia degli anni Sessanta Steel and architectural experiments for industry in Italy during the Sixties
No full textI processi di industrializzazione del XVIII secolo, coincidono, come noto, con le profonde trasformazioni delle tecniche di produzione, seguite all’introduzione dei moderni macchinari. Il progresso tecnologico che ne consegue scaturisce da un complesso quadro di sperimentazioni, cui non sono estranee esperienze italiane: una delle prime ruote idrauliche, costruita in Inghilterra nel 1717 da John Lombe nel setificio sul fiume Derwent, era infatti ispirata agli impianti presenti nelle filande del Bel Paese. Questo rappresenta però uno dei pochi significativi apporti della tecnologia italiana all’iniziale sviluppo della Rivoluzione Industriale, che se stenterà ad imporsi nella penisola, si diffonderà, invece, rapidamente in larga parte d’Europa e d’America. L’Italia resta pertanto esclusa dal novero delle nazioni industrializzate sino agli inizi del Novecento, quando le politiche di settore e la disponibilità di un efficiente sistema infrastrutturale possono finalmente garantire condizioni favorevoli all’affermazione di un moderno sistema industriale. Nel secolo breve la fabbrica produce una profonda metamorfosi del tessuto sociale ed economico del paese e costituisce un pervicace motore di trasformazione del paesaggio periurbano, che diviene paesaggio industriale, con la conseguente perdita di una tradizione contadina secolare. L’industria diventa pertanto l’emblema della nuova economia nazionale e del proletariato urbano, assurgendo al ruolo di protagonista nell’organizzazione di un modello sociale inedito nel contesto italiano. All’importanza crescente assunta dai luoghi della produzione nel quadro socio-economico nazionale, non corrisponde però un’adeguata riflessione sul tema progettuale della fabbrica, più spesso avvertita come mero tema funzionale e per questo trascurata dal dibattito architettonico nazionale. L’industria delle costruzioni si mostra indifferente all’opportunità di conseguire un’eccellenza in termini di elevati standard qualitativi degli edifici e ciò si ripercuote sulla mancata diffusione della struttura metallica. L’acciaio e la fabbrica restano pertanto, nello specifico italiano, un binomio solo potenziale, quasi mai indagato. Soltanto alcune isolate figure si confrontano, infatti, con questo tema ed individuano nel rapporto con l’industria e nelle nuove opportunità offerte dal progresso tecnologico i fondamenti di una sperimentazione che vede tra gli altri protagonisti Eduardo Vittoria, Bruno Morassutti e Marco Zanuso. Essi sviluppano personali percorsi di ricerca che vedono protagonista l’acciaio.As we well know, the industrialisation processes of the XVIII century coincide with drastic transformations in production methods, followed by the introduction of modern machinery. The technological progress was sparked off by a series of experiments, including a number in Italy as well: one of the first hydraulic wheels built in England in 1717 by John Lombe in the silk mill on the River Derwent, was in fact inspired by the installations in Italian mills. However, this is one of the few important contributions by Italian technology to the initial development of the Industrial Revolution which, while slow in taking off in Italy, spread quickly through the majority of Europe and America. Consequently, Italy was outside the group of industrialised nations until the beginning of the XX century, when politics and the availability of efficient infrastructures could finally guarantee the right conditions for a modern industrial system to develop. At the beginning of the century, factories produced a drastic change to the country’s social and economic fabric, transforming the urban landscape, which became an industrial landscape, therefore losing centuries’ old farming traditions. Industry became the symbol for the new national economy and urban proletariat, playing a leading role in organising an unusual social model in Italy. However, the increasing importance of factories in the national social-economic framework was not corresponded by adequate reflection on the design of the factories, just considered purely in functional terms, neglecting the national architectural debate. The building industry remained indifferent to the opportunity of producing excellence in terms of quality standards in the buildings, and this all reflected on the lack of metal structures, little used due to high production costs and the need for specialised labour. Therefore in the Italian case, the steel and factory duo remained only a potential, never investigated possibility. Only a few isolated figures tackled the topic finding, in the relationship with industry and new opportunities offered by technological progress, such as Eduardo Vittoria, Bruno Morassutti and Marco Zanuso. They developed their personal research where steel was the protagonist, and their studies consider the theoretic-experimental assumptions and design experience of each one
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HI Absorption in High-Frequency Peaker Galaxies
Full text linkAbstract: WSRT observations have been used to investigate the presence of neutral hydrogen in extremely young radio galaxies. These objects were selected from a sample of High-Frequency Peakers (HFPs). We detect 2 of the 6 observed galaxies confirming previous detection of HI in these objects. In the case of OQ 208 - for which discrepant results were available - we confirm the presence of a broad (~ 1800 km/s), blue-shifted and shallow HI absorption. No significant changes in the HI profile have been found between the two epochs of the observations. The intriguing result is that the derived HI column densities and upper limits obtained for the most compact sources, do not follow the inverse correlation between the column density and the linear size found for CSS/GPS sources. This can be explained - assuming the gas is already in a torus/disk structure - by a combination of the orientation and the extreme compactness of the sources. In this scenario, our line of sight to the source would intersect the torus in its inner region with low optical depth due to high spin and kinetic temperatures. There is no evidence, with the exception of OQ 208, of unsettled, high column density gas still enshrouding the young radio sources. This can be due to the low filling factor of such a medium.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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