1,720,955 research outputs found
The ecodesign issue: proposal for a new approach, methodology and tools
No full textIl processo di progettazione in passato si è concentrato principalmente sulla riduzione dei costi,
aumentando la qualità del prodotto e diminuendo i tempi di produzione, a questo scopo sono stati
sviluppati diversi strumenti per assistere il progettista in questa attività. Al giorno d'oggi gli aspetti
ambientali ricoprono un ruolo fondamentale e rappresentano un fattore importante per il successo nel
mercato dei prodotti, infatti tra i consumatori si sta sviluppando una sensibilità ambientale sempre
crescente. Da queste considerazioni viene alla luce l’esigenza di strumenti per assistere i progettisti nel
considerare sia aspetti ambientali che di costi nel processo di progettazione, negli ultimi anni diversi
strumenti sono stati sviluppati a questo scopo. I sistemi IT sono oggi largamente impiegati nel processo
di progettazione e possono essere raggruppati sotto la definizione di PLM (Product Lifecycle
Management). I sistemi PLM possono essere visti come l'integrazione di diversi strumenti con metodi,
persone e processi attraverso tutte le fasi della vita di un prodotto. Per quanto riguarda la valutazione
dell’impatto ambientale dei prodotti, esistono diversi metodo e strumenti a questo scopo, il metodo
LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) è quello più diffuso e riconosciuto per determinare l'impatto ambientale
di prodotti e servizi. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro possono essere sintetizzati come la definizione di un
nuovo approccio, di una metodologia e di strumenti per l’analisi dell’impatto ambientale e dei costi di
prodotto nel processo di progettazione. Il lavoro svolto rappresenta un passo verso lo sviluppo di un
approccio innovativo e di uno strumento di EcoDesign, integrando sistemi di gestione del ciclo di vita
con metodologie di calcolo dell’impatto ambientale e di costi. La metodologie e lo strumento sviluppato
consentono al progettista di valutare diverse alternative progettuali durante la prima fase di sviluppo del
prodotto. In questo modo è possibile progettare prodotti “green” prendendo in considerazione sia
l'impatto ambientale che l'aspetto legato ai costi del ciclo di vita del prodotto.The design process in the past was focused mainly on cost-reduction, increasing product quality and
time-reduction, several tools have been developed to assist designer in this activity. Nowadays the
environmental aspects have become widely considered and represent an important and success market
factor, in fact the consumers are developing an increasing environmental sensibility so they are
attracted by “green” products. From this considerations come the needs for tools to assist the
designers to consider both the environmental and the cost aspects into the design process, in recent
years several tools were developed at this scope. IT systems are nowadays widely employed in the
design process, they can be grouped under PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) system. PLM can be
viewed as the integration of several tools as mentioned before, with methods, people and the processes
through all stages of a product’s life. On the other hand there are tools to assess and calculate the
environmental impact of products by different methods. LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is the most
common and recognized method to determine the environmental burden of products and services. The
research goals could be synthesized as the definition of a new approach, methodology and tools for the
environmental and cost consideration in the design process. This research work is a step toward the
development of an innovative EcoDesign approach and tool by linking IT systems and lifecycle
methodologies: PLM software and LCA-LCC methods. This approach represent an EcoDesign method
that take into consideration environmental and lifecycle cost aspects into the product development
process, the developed tool enable the designer to evaluate different design alternatives easily and
rapidly during the early product development phase. By this way is possible to design green products
taking into consideration the environmental lifecycle impact and also the lifecycle cost aspect of the
product
CAD-integrated LCA tool: Comparison with dedicated LCA software and guidelines for the improvement
No full textCAD-integrated LCA tools are developed in order to support SLCA (Simplified Life Cycle Assessment) method and they could be used as eco-design tools in the design phase. Nevertheless they are still a long way from being accurate and properly usable. The present work aims at demonstrating this assumption in concrete terms by focusing the attention on the mechanical field. A comparison analysis between CAD-integrated LCA tools and dedicated LCA tools has been proposed in order to determine the main causes of error and to propose guidelines for improvement. An approach based on these guidelines is presented and preliminarily evaluated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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