1,358,788 research outputs found
Investigação sobre a adaptação do inseto praga de cereais Tenebrio molitor a inibidores de proteinases digestivas
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2010Nas larvas de Tenebrio molitor (verme do trigo) são encontrados variados tipos de proteinases digestivas serínicas e cisteínicas, quando alimentados com uma dieta controle de farinha de trigo. Quando alimentados com farinha do feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), pelo menos cinco proteinases apresentam atividade mais elevadas, enquanto a expressão de três enzimas pré-existentes foi reprimida. A indução dessas proteinases ocorreu entre 30 min e 1 h após a alimentação. Aqui nós relatamos o fracionamento das proteinases envolvidas na adaptação de T. molitor a inibidores de proteinases em sementes de leguminosas incorporadas em uma dieta controle usando cromatografia de troca iônica e filtração em gel, seguida pela caracterização das enzimas com substratos e inibidores naturais e sintéticos. Os inibidores utilizados neste estudo (todos incorporados na concentração de 0,4% no farelo de trigo) foram: inibidor de tripsina de soja (STI), inibidor de tripsina e quimotripsina de soja (SBI), inibidor de tripsina de Adenanttera pavonina (ApTI) e o inibidor de tripsina de P. vulgaris (BTI). As atividades proteolíticas foram ensaiadas para azoalbumina, para os substratos fluorogênicos z-PR-MCA, z-RR-MCA e succinil-GGR-MCA e os substratos cromogênicos suc-AAPF-pNA e benzoil-R-pNA. As atividades também foram monitoradas através de zimogramas e de fracionamento em géis bidimensionais. Dos quatro inibidores testados, o ApTI foi capaz de inibir as enzimas proteolíticas majoritárias sem induzir enzimas insensíveis a este inibidor, enquanto os outros inibidores além de inibir as proteinases constitutivas causaram indução de um conjunto diferente de proteinases serínicas. Entre as proteinases induzidas, uma era de interesse particular, pois foi induzida após sessenta minutos após a ingestão de SBI, STI e BTI. Esta proteinase teve sua atividade caracterizada como uma quimotripsina através de análise eletroforética bidimensional seguida de sequenciamento por espectrometria de massas
The Molitor Model of Change
No full text The Molitor Model of Change was developed over a period of forty years by American futurist, Graham T. T. Molitor (1934–2017). It encompassed his lifelong work to reveal how public policy issues emerge, how they are advanced and how they are resolved. This article offers a 2009 summary of his model that was fully presented in his 2003 book, The Power to Change the World. </jats:p
Aplicación de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) como herramienta biodegradadora de polímeros en condiciones de laboratorio
No full textEl plástico es el material sintético más utilizado a nivel mundial, siendo desechado en vertederos o en el medio ambiente provocando la contaminación del agua y los ecosistemas. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la capacidad biodegradadora del coleóptero Tenebrio molitor a diferentes plásticos de uso común. La investigación es de tipo aplicada, como diseño experimental fueron seleccionadas larvas de T. molitor de tamaño similar y alimentadas durante dos meses con los siguientes tipos de plásticos (tratamientos)꞉ tereftalato de polietileno (PET) “botella plástica”, polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE) “botella de detergente”, polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) “bolsa plástica”, polipropileno (PP) “mascarilla quirúrgica” y poliestireno (PS) “unicel”. Cada tratamiento tenía cinco repeticiones, cada repetición consistió en 30 larvas de T. molitor alimentadas con 20 g de plástico. El control tuvo larvas de T. molitor alimentadas con zanahoria y papa. El análisis muestra una capacidad de consumo diferenciada de T. molitor a los distintos tipos de plásticos (PET= 0,1068 g; HDPE = 0,0095 g; LDPE = 0,1054 g; PP = 0,1901 g y PS = 1,7677 g). Tenebrio molitor tiene mayor eficiencia de biodegradación del “unicel” (8,84%), en comparación con los demás tipos de plásticos evaluados. Los resultados podrán ser utilizados en el establecimiento de alternativas biotecnológicas para la degradación natural del plástico
Novel RNA viruses in a commercial colony of Tenebrio molitor
No full textInternational audienceInsect mass rearing for food and feed purposes is rapidly expanding in response to the current increase in protein demand. The mass reared insect strains are characterized by interactions with microorganisms, including viruses, that can be either beneficial or pathogenic and might lead to improved or decreased host health. The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, is a coleopteran species mainly reared for food and feed purposes showing high susceptibility to the Tenebrio molitor densovirus (TmDNV), which can lead to the loss of the entire population in a few days. The potential effect of viruses on mass-reared yellow mealworm highlights the need to screen for additional insect viruses associated with this insect species. In this study, we described and characterized five novel viruses associated with a European commercial T. molitor strain: Tenebrio molitor virga-like virus 1 (TmViLV1), Tenebrio molitor virga-like virus 2 (TmViLV2), Tenebrio molitor iflavirus 1 (TmIV1), Tenebrio molitor tombusvirus 1 (with two segments) (TmToV1), and Tenebrio molitor associated narnavirus 1 (TmAsNaV1). Then, we assessed the prevalence of these viruses in T. molitor samples derived from T. molitor rearings located worldwide. Assessing host-virus interactions aids in unravelling the effect of viruses on insect development, giving insights into possible implications for mass-rearing facilities
Assessment of Full-Fat Tenebrio molitor as Feed Ingredient for Solea senegalensis: Effects on Growth Performance and Lipid Profile
No full textTenebrio molitor (TM) is considered as one of the most promising protein sources for replacing fish meal in aquafeeds, among other things because it is rich in protein, a good source of micronutrients and has a low carbon footprint and land use. However, the main drawback of TM is its fatty acid profile, in particular its low content of n-3 PUFA. This study evaluates the effects of partially replacing plant or marine-derived with full-fat TM meal at two different levels on growth performance and lipid profiles of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). For this purpose, a control diet (CTRL) and four experimental isoproteic (53%) and isolipidic (16%) diets were formulated containing 5 and 10% TM meal replacing mostly fish meal (FM5 and FM10), or 10 and 15% TM meal replacing mostly plant meal (PP10 and PP15). Fish (215 g) were fed at 1% of their body weight for 98 days. The final body weight of fish fed the experimental diets containing TM meal was not different from that of fish fed the CTRL diet (289 g). However, the inclusion of TM meal resulted in a gradual improvement in growth rate and feed efficiency in both cases (replacement of fish or plant meals), and significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) were observed between fish fed the CTRL diet (SGR = 0.30% day−1) and those fed diets with the highest TM meal content (PP15; SGR = 0.35% day−1). The experimental groups did not show any differences in the protein content of the muscle (19.6% w/w). However, significant differences were observed in the total lipid content of the muscle, with the FM10, PP10, and PP15 groups having the lowest muscle lipid contents (2.2% ww). These fish also showed the lowest neutral lipid content in muscle (6.6% dw), but no differences were observed in the total phospholipid content (2.6% dw). Regarding the fatty acid profile, fish fed FM10, PP10 and PP15 had lower levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and higher levels of oleic acid (18:1n-9) in liver and muscle compared to fish fed CTRL. However, no differences were found between fish fed CTRL and TM-based diets for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and total n-3 PUFA in liver and muscle. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that full-fat TM inclusion up to 15% in S. senegalensis diets had no negative effects or even some positive effects on fish survival, growth performance, nutrient utilization and flesh quality
Farming Tenebrio molitor for food/feed purposes: Evaluating larvae performance in relation to reproducers density
No full textreservedLa presente tesi di laurea ha inteso valutare l’effetto della densità di allevamento dei riproduttori (0.8, 1.1, 1.3, e 1.6 adulti/cm2, rispettivamente D1, D2, D3, D4) sulle prestazioni produttive e composizione centesimale delle larve di Tenebrio molitor. I riproduttori di due settimane di età sono stati selezionati e assegnati ai 4 gruppi sperimentali, accasati in 48 cassette di allevamento (60x40x14.5 cm; 12 cassette per gruppo) e allevati per 4 settimane (ciascuna settimana ha rappresentato un’ovideposizione, per un totale di 4 ovideposizioni). Da ogni settimana di ovideposizione è stato ottenuto un lotto di larve, per un totale di 4 lotti di larve per ogni gruppo sperimentale. Le larve sono state mantenute nelle cassette di allevamento originarie fino alla 5a settimana di età, dopodichè sono state divise in ulteriori cassette in modo da uniformare la densità di allevamento a 4.2 larve/cm2. Le larve sono state allevate fino all’ 8a settimana, età in cui risultano pronte per la vendita. Il numero di larve, il loro peso e la composizione centesimale sono stati monitorati alla settimana 5 e 8 mentre l’indice di conversione alimentare (ICA) e l’ingestione alimentare sono stati registrati dalla 5a all’8a settimana. Il numero di larve prodotte per cassetta è aumentato con l’aumentare della densità di allevamento (P<0.001). Larve appartenenti ai gruppi D2, D3 e D4 hanno evidenziato un maggior consumo di alimento per cassetta e un peso totale ed individuale finale maggiore rispetto al gruppo D1 (P<0.001). Un peggioramento dell’ICA è stato osservato all’aumentare della densità di allevamento dei riproduttori (P<0.001). Larve appartenenti al gruppo D4 hanno fatto rilevare un maggior contenuto di proteine (P<0.05) e colesterolo (P<0.001) rispetto alle larve del gruppo D1 e D2. In conclusione, il presente studio rappresenta un passo in avanti verso l’ottimizzazione dell’allevamento di Tenebrio molitor su scala commerciale. Una densità di allevamento dei riproduttori pari a 0.8 adulti/cm2 risulta migliore in termini di ICA. D’altra parte, un peso finale maggiore delle larve è stato ottenuto adottando densità di allevamento maggiori. Risulta importante quindi trovare un equilibrio tra densità di allevamento ottimale ed efficienza produttiva delle larve di T. molitor. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per ottimizzare le condizioni di allevamento al fine di massimizzare sia la crescita che la qualità nutrizionale delle larve, considerando il benessere degli insetti e la sostenibilità della produzione.The present thesis aimed to evaluate the effect of the broodstock breeding density (0.8, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.6 adults/cm2, respectively D1, D2, D3, D4) on the productive performance and proximate composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae. Two-week-old broodstock were selected and assigned to the 4 experimental groups, housed in 48 breeding crates (60x40x14.5 cm; 12 crates per group) and reared for 4 weeks (each week represented an oviposition, for a total of 4 ovipositions). From each week of oviposition, a batch of larvae was obtained, for a total of 4 batches of larvae per each experimental group. The larvae were kept in the original breeding crates until the 5th week of age, after which they were divided into additional crates to standardize the breeding density at 4.2 larvae/cm2. The larvae were reared until the 8th week of age, at which they are ready for sale. The number of larvae, individual and total weight, and proximate composition were monitored at weeks 5 and 8, while FCR and feed intake were recorded from weeks 5 to 8. The number of larvae produced per crate increased with increasing breeding density (P<0.001). Larvae of groups D2, D3, and D4 showed a higher feed intake per crate and a higher total and individual final weight compared to group D1 (P<0.001). The FCR worsened with increasing breeding density of broodstock (P<0.001). Larvae of group D4 showed a higher protein (P<0.05) and cholesterol (P<0.001) content compared to larvae of groups D1 and D2. In conclusion, this study represents a step towards the optimization of Tenebrio molitor breeding on an industrial scale. A breeder density of 0.8 adults/cm2 proves better in terms of FCR. On the other hand, a higher final weight of larvae was obtained by adopting higher breeding densities. It is therefore important to find a balance between optimal breeding density and productive efficiency of T. molitor larvae. Further studies are necessary to optimize rearing conditions to maximize both growth and nutritional quality of larvae, considering the welfare of the insects and the sustainability of production
Population Assay of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Growth and Development Analysis
No full textThis experiment focuses on the growth and population development of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The larvae are cylindrical and hard-bodied “false worms” called mealworms. Due to the scavenger nature of this insect, they are typically found under stones, decaying logs, bark or on the ground. However, Tenebrio molitor can be purchased though many bait shops and markets and are a common food source for pets. Measurements of the front of head capsule to the end of abdomen and body weight were taken from larvae, pupae, and adult stages. Data was imputed into a logarithmic program on Excel where the standard deviations, variance, range and averages were determined and compared. It appears that variation in development of T. molitor occurs from the larval to pupal stage where most of the fatalities occurred.
Portfolio of compositions and commentary
No full textThe portfolio consists of eight compositions of varying instrumentation and length. The pieces explore a range of aspects, including experimental and graphic notation, instrumental theatre and differing performance practices. Most of the music presented incorporates other forms of expression: mainly movement, but also spoken word, photography and painting. This creates a musical experience, not only for the ear but also for the eye. The commentary to these pieces discusses aspects of the music that are not directly evident in the score and places the body of work into a wider musical and cultural context
Developing a bud burst model for grapevine to assess future late frost risk in Luxembourg
No full textLate frost damage represents a significant hazard to grape production in cool climate viticulture regions such as Luxembourg. The main aim of our study is to analyze the frequency of these events for the Luxembourg’s winegrowing region in the future. Spring frost injuries on grape may occur when young green parts are exposed to
air temperature below 0 C. The potential risk is determined by: (i) minimum air temperature conditions and the (ii) the timing of bud burst. Therefore, we developed and validated a model for budburst of the grapevine (*Vitis vinifera)* cultivar Rivaner, the most grown local variety, based on multi-annual data from 7 different sites across Europe and the US. An advantage of this approach is, that it could be applied to a wide range of climate conditions.
Higher spring temperatures were projected for the future and could lead to earlier dates of budburst as well as earlier dates of last frost events in the season. However, so far it is unknown if this will increase or decrease the risk of severe late frost damages for Luxembourg’s winegrowing region. To address this question results of 10 regional climate change projections from the FP6 ENSEMBLES project (spatial resolution = 25km; A1B emission scenario) were combined with the new bud burst model. The use of a multi model ensemble of climate change projections allows for a better quantification of the uncertainties. A bias corrections scheme, based on local observations, was applied to the model output. Projected daily minimum air temperatures, up to 2098, were compared to the projected date of bud burst in order to quantify the future frost risk for Luxembour
Letter to Reverend Charles Falconer
No full textLetter from Washington County Community Action Executive Director Gordon Molitor to Reverend Charles Falconer, Chairman of the Food Task Force in Washington County, Oregon. Molitor requests that Falconer and the Food Task Force cooperate on a multi year planning process focusing on key poverty issues. This is from the records of the Community Action Organization, an anti poverty nonprofit
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