1,721,082 research outputs found
Body composition in early breast cancer
No full textIntroduction: It is frequently, though not consistently, reported that women gain weight with treatment for breast cancer. Furthermore, it is known that overweight/obese patients with breast cancer are more likely to experience poorer short and long-term outcomes. BMI is weight standardised for height (kg/m2); however, additional prognostic information may be provided by understanding the specific composition of weight in terms of fat mass index (FMI: kg fat mass/m2) and fat free mass index (FFMI: kg lean (fat-free) mass/m2)Aims: To determine if significant changes in weight and body composition occur in women with early breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment using Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) and if patient, disease and treatment-related factors influence changes seen in weight and body composition. Additionally, to determine whether baseline body composition influences the treatment outcome of chemotherapy toxicity. Methods: Data was collated for 170 patients recruited into the BeGIN study (REC: 14/EE/1297). Using a SECA mBCA515 BIS analyser, body composition measurements, including BMI, FMI AND FFMI, were obtained. Patient records were assessed to obtain demographic, histological and treatment characteristics as well as the incidence of grade 3 chemotherapy-related toxicity. Results: Women with early breast cancer in this cohort did not display change in their weight and BMI over 1 year (post surgery) (mean difference: weight 0.07kg, p=0.69; BMI 0.04 kg/m2, p=0.78). However, this masked changes both at an individual level and in body composition. 5.8% of patients experienced a clinically significant (>5%) gain in weight and 7.6% a clinically significant loss in weight.Overall, there was loss of lean (FFMI decreased; 0.44 kg/m2; p=0.002) whilst FMI change was more variable at an individual level, but with a less apparent increase at an overall cohort level (0.14 kg/m2 increase; p=0.78). Being over 50, a smoker/ex-smoker, higher tumour grade, node positivity, oestrogen receptor negativity, undergoing a mastectomy and axillary surgery appear to be associated with a comparatively unfavourable body composition at the beginning of their adjuvant journey and/or 1 year later. The likelihood of receiving a complete and planned regimen of chemotherapy appeared to reduce with increasing FMI (p=0.67), with a suggestion that chemotherapy toxicity wasmore likely to experienced by women at extremes of FMI (p=0.14).Conclusions: These results may challenge the view that weight gain is inevitable with breast cancer treatment, although body composition changes do occur for some individuals. Understanding body composition may yield additional prognostic information compared to weight/BMI alone and predict short-term outcomes such as chemotherapy toxicity. This is currently now being tested in a prospective study (CANDO-3; ISRCTN79577461). Furthermore, an understanding of the effect of patient, disease and treatment effects on body composition may influence the development of interventional, nutritional, educational and physical education programmes that can aid in optimising body composition and consequently breast cancer outcomes
Revolusi pengedaran filem cereka melalui internet / Mohammad Adam Ismail
Full text linkSecara amnya, wujudnya empat saluran pengedaran filem cereka di Malaysia, iaitu panggung wayang, televisyen kabel, DVDNCD dan televisyen. Kaedah pengedaran lazim ini menyekat kemasukan pemain baru kerana hanya beberapa pemain utama sahaja yang memonopoli sebahagian besar dari jumlah filem yang diedarkan di Malaysia. Satu lagi halangan utama penyertaan pemain baru adalah kos tinggi yang terbabit dalam pengedaran secara fizikal filem cereka di Malaysia. Di Amerika Syarikat dan Eropah, Internet telah muncul sebagai alternatifbaru untuk pengedaran filem cereka oleh syarikat penerbitan filem yang baru. Teknologi digital seperti video streaming, video on demand, near video on demand dan penambah baikan dalam sistem digital rights management telah membenarkan studio Hollywood mengedarkan filem mereka secara maya melalui Internet dengan selamat dan terkawal. Walaupun pengedaran filem cereka melalui Internet masih lagi diperingkat awal, laman web seperti Netflix, Hulu, Jaman, Amazon VOD dan Apple iTunes telah membuktikan bahawa teknologi mampu untuk mencetus satu revolusi dalam kaedah pengedaran filem cereka. Melalui kertas kajian ini, saya akan membentangkan secara amnya beberapa faktor yang menjadi pemangkin revolusi pengedaran filem cereka melalui Internet dan mengenalpasti samada sistem pengedaran baru ini releven dan boleh diguna pakai di Malaysia untuk pengedaran filem cereka tempatan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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